parasitology- Taeniasis & Trichinellosis

1. TAENIASIS

2. Introduction
• Taeniasis in humans is a parasitic infection caused by
• Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm)
• Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)
• Taenia asiatica (Asian tapeworm)
• Humans can become infected with these tapeworms by eating raw or
undercooked beef.(zoonotic importance)
• symptoms are usually mild or nonexistent.
• T. solium tapeworm infections can lead to cysticercosis.
CDC.gov

3. Classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class: Cestoda
Family: Taeniidae
Genus : Taenia
Species: Taenia saginata and Taenia solium.
G M Urquhart et al, 1996

4. Epidemiology
• Found world wide
• Particularly in Eastern Europe, Russia, Eastern Africa and Latin America
• Higher rates of illness have been seen in people in Latin America, Eastern Europe, sub-
Saharan Africa, India, and Asia.
• Taenia solium taeniasis is seen in the United States, typically among Latin American
immigrants.
• Taenia asiatica is limited to Asia and is seen mostly in the Republic of Korea, China,
Taiwan, Indonesia, and Thailand.
CDC.gov

5. Definition T.Solium is a medically
important tapeworm that
enters human through
uncooked or undercooked
pork meat.
T.Saginata is another
medically important
tapeworm that enters
human through uncooked
or raw beef
Intermediate host Pigs Cattle
Final host Human Human
Causing Cysticercosis Yes No
Hooks in scolex Has Does not have
Body length 2-3m long or more Normally 4-10 m in length
but can become very large as
over 22m long
scolex With hooks Without hooks
Common larval name Cysticercus cellulosae Cysticercus bovis
Taenia solium Vs. Taenia saginata
Difference between.com

6. Life cycle

7. Life cycle
• Eggs or gravid proglottids are passed with feces.
• Cattle (T. saginata) and pigs (T. solium )become infected by ingesting vegetation
contaminated with eggs or gravid proglottids.
• In the animal’s intestine, the oncospheres hatch, invade the intestinal wall, and migrate to
the striated muscles, where they develop into cysticerci.
• Humans become infected by ingesting raw meat. In the human intestine, the cysticercus
develops over 2 months into an adult tapeworm which can survive for years.
• The adult tapeworms attach to the small intestine by their scolex and reside there.
• The adults again produce proglottids which mature, become gravid.

8. Signs and Symptoms
• Mild abdominal symptoms
• Occasionally appendicitis or cholangitis
• Main symptom is often the passage of proglottids
• Development of cysticercosis (T.solium)
• Loss of appetite and weight loss.
• More likely to occur in immunosuppressive patients.
World Health Organisation

9. Diagnosis
• History
• Clinical signs and symptoms
• Stool sample examination (microscopy)
• Antibody detection in early invasive stages
cdc.gov
Mature proglottid of Taenia.saginata

10. Treatment
• Symptomatic treatment
• Praziquantel given at 5-10 mg/kg orally once for adults and 5-10 mg/kg orally once
for children.
• Niclosamide is an alternative, given at 2 g orally once for adults and 50 mg/kg orally
once for children.
• Albendazole, given as 400mg daily for three days.
CDC.gov

11. Prevention and control
• Cook meat to safe temperatures.
• Food thermometer should be used.
• Proper hand hygiene is also important for preventing the spread of this disease.
• Also, drink bottled water if you live in or travel to an area where water must be treated.
• Ensure proper hygienic measures.
• Be very careful while handling the samples during fecal examination avoid contamination.
healthline.com
• References
• https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/taeniasis/index.html
• https://www.healthline.com/health/taeniasis
• G M Urquhart et al, 1996
• WHO.

12. References
• https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/taeniasis/index.html
• https://www.healthline.com/health/taeniasis
• G M Urquhart et al, 1996
• WHO.

13. Trichinellosis

14. Trichinellosis
Trichinellosis, also called trichinosis, it is an parasitic infection caused by nematodes of the
genus Trichinella.
• Most common specie is Trichinella spiralis in humans.
• Other species include T. pseudospiralis, T. nativa, T. nelsoni, T. britovi T. zimbabwensis
• It is present in pigs, bears, foxes, rats, wild boars, humans.
Transmission
• Trichinellosis spread by consuming infected meat or meat products
• Animals get it by predation, eating other infected animals.
• Humans get it by eating undercooked meat or meat products from infected animals
• Epidemiology
Worldwide, an estimated 10,000 cases of trichinellosis occur every year.
During 2011–2015, 16 cases were reported each year on average in USA.
cdc.gov

15. Life Cycle

16. Sign and Symptoms
• Diarrhoea Vomiting
• Abdominal pain Muscle pain
• Fever Headache
• Swelling of the face, particularly the eyes
• Weakness or fatigue Chills
• Itchy skin or rash Nausea
• Cough Constipation

17. Diagnosis
• History
• Clinical signs and symptoms
• Laboratory diagnosis by serological tests
• Autopsy or biopsy
• Treatment
Albendazole
Mebendazole
Supportive Therapy

18. Prevention and Control
• Wash hands with warm water and soap after handling raw meat.
• Eating of properly cooked meat
• Thoroughly clean any utensils that touch meat.

19. References
https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/trichinellosis/
https://www.healthline.com/health/trichinosi