Epidemiology of Parasitic Zoonoses ( communicable disease)

1. TAENIASIS
Prepared by :-
MR. VANINDAR KUMAR B.C
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING
FORT, BENGALURU-02

2. Introduction
• Taeniasis are important zoonotic disease
caused by Taenia saginata and Taenia solium.
They are found in intestine of human host.
They pass through two distinct phases in two
different hosts to complete their development
cycles.Eggs passed in the feces of the human
carriers can cause further disease if ingested
by cattle, pigs, or human and develop.

3. Taenia saginata Taenia solium

7. Problem
• 1. Taenia Saginata :- This parasite is found all
over the world, where beaf is eaten. In
European countries, it is found in 0.3 to 0.4
percent of slaughtered animals.
• 2. Taenia solium :- T. solium infection is
reported to be endemic in many countries of
the latin America, Africa and Asia as well as
in some parts of Europe and It is endemic in
india.

8. Hosts of infection
• T.Saginata and T.solium pass through two distinct
phases in two different hosts known as definite host
which is man and intermediate hosts.
• Cattle is the intermediate host for the larval stage of
T.Saginata where as pig is the main host(intermediate
host) for the larval stage of T.solium
• The Adult T.saginata measues 5-12 metres in length
and T.solium measures 2-6 metres.
• The adult stages of T. saginata and T.solium may
persists for several years in infected humans.

10. Mode of Transmission
• Through ingestion of infective cysticerci in
undercooked beef(T.saginata) or
pork(T.Solium).
• Through ingestion of food, water or vegetables
contaminated with eggs of the worm. Infection
can also occur between individuals through
contaminated hands.

12. Incubation period
• 8-14 weeks

13. Clinical Features
• In the vast majority of cases, no symptoms are seen.
• Abdominal discomfort, anorexia, vomiting and chronic
indigestion occur occasionally.
• Appendicitis or cholangitis due to strayiing proglottids.
• Cysticercosis may occur due to T.solium infection.
In this case, brain may be involved causing cerebral
damage and epilepsy.

14. Human cysticercosis
Human infectio occurs due to ingestion of eggs of
T. solium in contaminated water or food or
regurgitation of eggs from the small intestine. .
The eggs disintegrate and the infective stage leave
the intestine via the hepatic portal system and reach
the different parts of the body where there develop
to form cysticerci.
Cysticerci which develop in the brain is a serious
threat to the individual and the community health.

15. • As a result of mechanical pressure, obstruction
or inflammation, they produce the following
conditions:
1. Epilepsy
2. Intracranial hypertensive syndrome
3. Hydrocephalus
4.Psychiatric diseases or death.

16. Preventive measures
• Thorough inspection of meat and pork in the
slaughter houses by the veterinary surgeon.
proper housing and feeding of pigs also help to
control T.solium.
• Adequate sewage treatment and safe disposal
of excreta.
• Thorough cooking of meat(beaf) and pork is
the most effective method of prevention of
food-brone diseases.

17. • Health education regarding strict personal hygiene,
thorough hand washing before eating and after using
toilet.
• Health education regarding prevention of soil, water
and food pollution with human feces. Nails must be
cut short and kept clean.
• Educating the public regarding improving their
general living conditios, using sanitary latrines and
safe drinking water.
• Health education regarding safe treatment of sewage
which is used for farming.

18. Control measures.
• Early detection and treatment of infected person should be
carried out with praziquantel and niclosamide. They are
safe and effective inmore than 90% of patients.
• Praziquantel 10mg/kg body weight, a single dose is 99%
effective. side effective are minimal at this dose.
• Niclosamide 4 tablets(2 grams) single dose is effective in
over 90% of cases.
• No pre and post purges are used for either drug to tret
T.saginata. For T.solium, moderate purgative 2-3 hours
after the drug is given to rapidly eliminate the segments
and eggs fromthe bowels.
• Surgical removal of symptom-producing cysts are
removed.

20. Treatment
• It depends upon the number and location of
cysts and their viability.
• Albendazole and praziquantel are both
effective in the treatment.
• Albendazole is the drug of choice and if co-
administered with a steroid, it results in
increased absorption of albendazole.
• These drugs are given with fatty meals to
increase their absorption.