Toxoplasmosis Research

2. WHAT IS TOXOPLASMOSIS?
Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by
an intracellular parasite “Toxoplasma
gondii”
most often found in cats and farm
animals.
In humans it usually causes no
symptoms.

4. Tissue phase (intermediate
hosts).
Intermediate host gets
infected by ingesting
sporulated oocysts.
Oocytes do not become infectious until
they sporulate, sporulation occurs
1- 5 days after that the oocyte is excreted
in the feces.
Intermediate host
Human, cattle,
birds, rodents,
pigs, and sheep.

5. Sources of infection :
_ Contaminated water or food by oocysts
_ Undercooked meat .
_ Mother to fetus.
_ Organ transplant (rare).
_ Blood transfusion (rare).
_un pasturized milk
DEFINITIVE HOST
INTERMEDIATE HOST
TOXOPLASMA TRANSMISSION
Ingestion of tachyzoites
and bradyzoites (cysts)
in flesh of infected
host.

6. Clinical Signs
Healthy Man
Showing No Signes
Except a mild
swelling in the
glands of the neck
Weak Man
 Attacks the brain and
C.N.S leading to:-
 fever
 seizures & headache
 problems with :-
 “vision, speech,
movement, or
thinking”.

7. 3. Children born with Toxoplasmosis, about
98% of cases, may show symptoms
including: Fever
 Swollen glands
 Jaundice
 Abnormal large or small head
 bleeding under the skin
 Anemia
 Enlarged liver or spleen
 Seizures
 Mental retardation
 Hearing loss
 Vision problems (toxoplasmosis
of the eye)

8. Treatment
Treatment will not result in the elimination of the
organism from the eye.
Medications:
Spiramycin during pregnancy
Antibiotics and SAIDS during an infection
 as:- pyrimethamine with trisulfapyrimines for 1
month
 Intravenous clindamycin used to treat encephalitis in
AIDS patients

9. Disinfection
Tissue And Meat Cysts By:-
Heating at 100c for 10 mins
By gamma radiation 75 - 100 krad
Freezing at -10c for 3 days
Pasteurization of milk
Feces Cysts:-
2% H2SO4 or 28% Ammonia or 10% formaldhyde
Water by Sand Filteration

10. Prevention and
control
 Avoid consumption of
raw or undercooked
meat
 Litterpans should be
changed daily
 Wash hands after
handling raw meat,
litter pans & soil
 Pregnant women
should avoid contact
with cats

11. Control
 Pets should be examined and treated.
 Wash hands with soup
 Cats should be kept indoors and litter boxes
changed daily.
 Better cook your meat well.
 Cat feces should be flashed down the toilet or
burned.

12. Economic Loss
 Sharp economic loss for the countries which
export livestock.
 cause of abortion in sheep and goats.
 meat of infected IMH un fit for human
cosumbtion

13. Thank You
PRESNTED BY:- MUHANNAD OMRAN