Non Sporing anaerobes

1. NON SPORING
ANAEROBES
Mr. Naresh Pokhrel
M.Sc Clinical Microbiology
Department of Microbiology
Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore

2. OVERVIEW :-
 INTRODUCTION
 CLASSIFICATION
 VIRULENCE FACTORS
 PATHOGENESIS
 PREDISPOSING FACTO R
 LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
 TREATMENT
 REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION:-
 Anaerobes :- Microorganisms that grow only in
complete or nearly complete absence of molecular
oxygen.
 Non- sporing Anaerobes :- These do not form spores
and are those which usually form the Normal flora Of
Human beings and usually present in Skin, Oral cavity,
GIT, Genitourinary tract and are opportunistic in nature.

4. CLASSIFICATION :-
 Gram negative bacilli :-
 Bacteroides
 Prevotella
 Porphyromonas
 Fusobacterium
 Leptotrichia
 Gram positive bacilli :-
 Bifidobacterium
 Actinomyces
 Propionibacterium
 Lactobacillus
 Mobiluncus

5.  Gram negative cocci:-
 Veillonela
 Gram positive cocci:-
 Peptostreptococcus
 Peptococcus
 Sporing forming anaerobes(Clostridia)
 Gram Positive Bacilli - C.tetani
- C.perfringens
- C.botulinum
- C.difficle etc.

6. VIRULENCE FACTORS :-
 Capsular polysaccharide:- Acts as
antiphagocytic and chemo tactic.
 Adherence factors:- pili and fimbriae
It is found in B.fragilis & Porphyromonas gingivalis.

7.  Enzymes:-
collagenase, neuraminidase,
heparinase & fibrinolysins are produced by
B.fragilis.
Phospholipase A
Super oxide dismutase
 Lipopolysacharide Endotoxin:- It is
produced by Fusobacterium spp &
Bacteroides.
 Succinic acid: - Helps to inhibit phagocytosis.
Ex- B.fragilis.

8. PATHOGENESIS:
1. Brain Abscess:-
2. Oral & dental infection:-
 Root canal infections :
 Dental abscess :
 Periodontitis :
3.ENT , Head & neck infections:-
 Chronic suppurative otitis media :
 Acute bacterial Pharyngitis & tonsillitis :
 Cervicofacial Actinomycosis :

9. 4.Skin & soft tissue infection:-
 Acne vulgaris
5.Infections of lung & pleural space:-
 Aspiration pneumonia
 Lung abscess
 Empyema
6.Infections of female genital tract:-
 Pelvic inflammatory disease:
 Bacterial vaginosis :
7.Intradermal infections :-
 Intradermal sepsis :
 Pyogenic abscess :

10. PREDISPOSING FACTORS
• Trauma, Tissue necrosis, Impaired circulation,
hematoma formation or the presence of foreign
bodies
• Diabetes, Malnutrition, Malignancy or prolonged
treatment with antibiotics.

11. LAB DIAGNOSIS :-
 All the clinical specimen must be handled in very
anaerobic condition.
 Long exposure to oxygen may kill obligate anaerobes
and results in failure to isolate them in the Clinical Lab.

12.  Accepted Specimen:- tissue bits, necrotic material,
aspirated body fluids or pus in syringes.
 Unaccepted Specimen :- all the swabs, sputum or
voided urine.
 Specimen should be immediately put into RCM broth or
other anaerobic transport media and brought to the
Laboratory as soon as possible.

13.  Microscopy :-
All the clinical specimen from suspected anaerobic infection
should be done Gram stain and examined for characteristic
morphology.
 Culture media
– Brucella blood agar (BRBA)
– Phenyl ethyl alcohol agar (PEA)
– Kanamycin-vancomycin-laked blood agar(KVLBA)
– Bacteroides bile esculin agar(BEA)
– Neomycin blood agar(NBA)

14.  Culture methods :-
 Anaerobic jar
 Gaspak
 Candle Jar
 Bio Bag
( Anaerobic Sachets)
 Anaerobic
Chamber

15. ANAEROBIC JAR
 Tightly sealed container
in which oxygen is
completely eliminated by
hydrogen and a catalyst.
 palladium coated
aluminum pellets acts as
a catalyst.
 Methylene blue
anaerobic indicator.

16. BIO BAG ( ANAEROBIC SACHETS)

17. ANAEROBIC CHAMBER

18. IDENTIFICATION OF ANAEROBES:
 Biochemical tests
 Susceptibility to antibiotic Disks
 Gas Liquid Chromatography
 Identification by means of special-potency Antimicrobial agent
disk

19. TREATMENT:-
 Choice of antibiotics depends on the site of infection , type of
anaerobe involved and susceptibility to antibiotics.
 Antimicrobial resistance in anaerobic bacteria is an increasing
problem.
Penicillin & Metronidazole.
Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, Cefoxitin, Cefotetan
 Bacteroides fragilis group
Combination of Penicillin with β- Lactamase inhibitor
(Co-Amoxyclav) and to Carbapenems.

20. REFERENCE:
 Anananthnarayan and Paniker’s text book of
microbiology.
 Koneman’s color atlas and text book of diagnostic
microbiology.