This presentation contains details of Geographic Information System. It focuses on definition, components of GIS, spatial and non-spatial data. This is useful for students, teachers and scholars of Geography, Environmental science and allied subjects. It is a part of 'One Week workshop on QGIS' organized by Krantisinh Nana Patil College, Walwa (Sangli), G.D. Bapu Lad College, Kundal and Deptt of Geography, Shivaji University, Kolhapur.

1. INTRODUCTION TO GIS
Dr Namdev V. Telore (डॉ नामदेव व्ही तेलोरे)
भूगोल विभाग, राजा श्रीपतराव भगवंतराव महाविद्यालय, औंध, सातारा
ई-मेल nvtelore@gmail.com
https://vidwan.inflibnet.ac.in/profile/159877

2. •INTORDUCTION TO GEOGRAPHICAL
INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)
भौगोलिक माहिती प्रणालीची ओळख
•Intorduction to Geographical Information System (GIS)
–Definition (व्याख्या)
–Components (घटक)
•GIS Data Structure:
–Types: spatial (अवकाशीय) and non-spatial (विशेषता)
–Raster and Vector (वेक्टर) data

3. भौगोलिक माहिती प्रणाली
•डॉ. रॉजर टॉमलिन्सन R.F Tomlinson (17/11/1933 – 7/2/2014) - GIS चे जनक
•
•भौगोलिक Geographical
•माहिती Information
•प्रणाली System
•
•GIS is a system of capturing, storing, checking, integrating, manipulating, analysing and
displaying data, which are spatially referenced to the Earth.
•It is normally considered to involve a spatially referenced computer database and appropriate
applications software.

4. व्याख्या (DEFINITION)
•कोणत्याही भौगोलिक माहितीचे संग्रहण, संकलन, संघटन आणि विश्‍लेषण करणाऱ्या
संगणकीय प्रणालीला भौगोलिक माहिती प्रणाली म्हणतात.
•A geographic information system (GIS) is a system that creates,
manages, analyses, and maps all types of data.
(https://www.merriam-webster.com/)
•Burrough : GIS ही संगणक प्रणाली असून काही विशिष्ट उद्दिष्ट्ये व हेतूच्या पूर्ततेसाठी एखाद्या
भौगोलिक प्रदेशासंबंधी अवकाशीय माहितीचे संकलन, साठवण, इच्छेनुसारच पुनर्प्राप्तीकरण,
रूपांतरण आणि प्रदर्शन करणाऱ्या साधनांचा संच म्हणजे GIS होय.

5. घटक (COMPONENTS OF
GIS)
•People
•Hardware
•Software
•Data

6. आज्ञावली (SOFTWARE)
GIS ही संगणकावर सॉफ्टवेअर द्वारे वापरावयाची एक प्रणाली आहे.
•ARCGIS (ESRI)
•GEOMEDIA (HEXAGON
GEOSPATIAL)
•MAPINFO PROFESSIONAL
(PRECISELY)
•GLOBAL MAPPER (BLUE
MARBLE)
•MANIFOLD GIS (MANIFOLD)
•BENTLEY MAP
•MAPVIEWER AND SURFER
(GOLDEN SOFTWARE)
•QGIS (QUANTUM GIS)
•GVSIG
•GRASS GIS
•ILWIS
•SAGA GIS
•GEODA
•WHITEBOX GAT
PAID SOFTWARE'S FREE SOFTWARE’S

7. Hardware
•PC / LAPTOP
•PRINTER
•SCANNER
•PLOTTER
•MOUSE
•OTHER DEVICES

8. Data
QUANTITATIVE DATA QUALITATIVE DATA

9. GIS DATA
STRUCTURE
TYPES
•Characterised by their
positional, linear and areal,
forms of appearances
•The data describing the
information about spatial data
•SPATIAL
•NON-
•SPATIAL

10. SPATIAL DATA FORMATS
•अवकाशीय डेटा त्यांच्या स्थितीत्मक, रेखीय आणि क्षेत्रीय, देखाव्याच्या प्रकारांद्वारे दर्शविला जातो.
•EXAMPLES: LITERACY RATE IN INDIA (IN % IN 2001)

11. NON-SPATIAL (ATTRIBUTE) DATA
•अवकाशीय डेटाबद्दलच्या माहितीचे वर्णन करणार्‍या डेटाला नॉन-स्पेशियल किंवा विशेषता डेटा असे
म्हणतात.
•YOU WILL BE DEFINING THE ATTRIBUTES OF THE SPATIAL DATA.
•EXAMPLE: DATA STOCK REGISTER OF GEOGRAPHY DEPARTMENT

12. SPATIAL DATA FORMATS
•REPRESENT A GRAPHIC
FEATURE AS A PATTERN OF
GRIDS OF SQUARES
•REPRESENT THE OBJECT
AS A SET OF LINES DRAWN
BETWEEN SPECIFIC POINTS
•RASTER •VECTOR

13. RASTER METHOD
•IT HAS SIMPLE DATA STRUCTURE.
•IT HAS EASY AND EFFICIENT
OVERLAYING.
•IT IS COMPATIBLE WITH SATELLITE
IMAGERY.
•HIGH SPATIAL VARIABILITY IS
EFFICIENTLY REPRESENTED.
•IT IS SIMPLE FOR OWN PROGRAMMING.
•IT USES SAME GRID CELLS FOR SEVERAL
ATTRIBUTES.
•INEFFICIENT USE OF COMPUTER
STORAGE IS POSSIBLE.
•ERRORS IN PERIMETER AND SHAPE
IS POSSIBLE.
•DIFFICULT NETWORK ANALYSIS
MAKES IT CUMBERSOME.
•INEFFICIENT PROJECTION
TRANSFORMATIONS ARE
MISLEADING.
•LOSS OF INFORMATION TAKES
PLACE WHEN USING LARGE CELLS,
LESS ACCURATE MAPS.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

14. VECTOR SYSTEM
•COMPACT DATA STRUCTURE.
•EFFICIENT FOR NETWORK ANALYSIS.
•EFFICIENT PROJECTION
TRANSFORMATION.
•ACCURATE MAP OUTPUT.
•
•COMPLEX DATA STRUCTURE.
•DIFFICULT OVERLAY OPERATIONS.
•HIGH SPATIAL VARIABILITY IS
INEFFICIENTLY REPRESENTED.
•NOT COMPATIBLE WITH SATELLITE
IMAGERY.
•
MERITS DEMERITS

15. Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 Item 5
125
100
75
50
25
0
उपयोग (APPLICATIONS OF GIS)
अचूक नकाशे
नागरी वस्ती, रस्ते, रुग्णालये, वाहतुकीच्या सुविधा, उद्योग, ऊर्जानिर्मिती कें द्रे आणि
इतर संरचना इ. साठी योग्य ते स्थान ठरवू शकतात.
पर्यावरणातील सजीव व त्यांच्यात झालेले बदल यांची नोंद ठेवण्यासाठी, तसेच वन
संसाधनांमध्ये निर्वनीकरणामुळे झालेली घट, क्षेत्र व त्याचे प्रमाण
दुर्गम प्रदेशांतील वने व तेथील वन्यजीव
पर्यावरणपूरक योजना राबविण्यासाठी
व्यापारी, सेनाधिकारी व वैज्ञानिक आपापल्या क्षेत्रांच्या विकासासाठी

16. REFERENCES
•https://marathivishwakosh.org/1964/
•https://www.wikiwand.com/mr/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A
4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A
4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A
4%B2%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A
4%B8)
•Telore NV (2021) GIS https://www.slideshare.net/NamdevTelore/gis-geographical-
information-system-247823140
•Telore NV Remote Sensing https://www.slideshare.net/NamdevTelore/remote-sensing-
247921781?qid=9d6814f6-374d-432c-a70a-a02ce60f40a3&v=&b=&from_search=11
•https://pt.slideshare.net/NamdevTelore/icts-in-geography
•"रॉजर टॉमलिन्सन". यूसीजीआयएस. 21/02/2014.
•https://www.learncbse.in/practical-work-in-geography-class-12-solutions-chapter-
6/#:~:text=The%20spatial%20data%20are%20characterised%20by%20their%20positional%2
C%20linear%20and,attributes%20of%20the%20spatial%20data.•

17. THANK YOU !!!