5. A newly identified luminescent fungus called Mycena luxaeterna was
discovered in a forest in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The mushroom caps are tiny,
under a half inch (8 mm) in diameter and the stems have a jelly-like
structure. The glow is easier to observe at night (right).
Credit: Cassius V. Stevani, Chemistry Institute, University of Sao Paulo
6. Discovered on the bark of a standing tree in Borneo, Malaysia, this new
glow-in-the-dark mushroom called Mycena silvaelucens emits a
yellowish-green light throughout the day, though it's easier to see at
night (right). Credit: Brian Perry, University of Hawaii
9. Foxfire is the term for the bioluminescence created in
the right conditions by a few species of fungi that decay
wood.The luminescence is often attributed to members
of the genus Armillaria, the Honey mushroom,
though others are reported, and as many as
71 individual species have been identified.
Armillaria mellea Armillaria hinnulea
10. Wikipedia > On the suggestion of
Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790) foxfire was
used for light in the Turtle, an early submarine.
11. A replica of the Turtle on display at the
Royal Navy Submarine Museum, Gosport, UK
12. In the novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain,
the characters of Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer use foxfire
as a source of light in order to dig a tunnel.
http://www.enotes.com/adventures-of-huckleberry-finn-text/
18. Wikipedia > In English, "Lucifer" generally refers to Satan.
Lucifer (Le génie du mal)
by Guillaume Geefs
(Cathedral of St. Paul,
Liège, Belgium)
19. The use of the name "Lucifer" in reference to a fallen angel.
Satan, who in
Milton's Paradise Lost is
also called Lucifer,
on his way to bring about
the downfall of Adam.
Gustave Doré's illustration
for Paradise Lost, Book III,
lines 739-742 by John Milton.
20. The same Latin word lucifer is used to refer to
the Morning Star, with no relation to the devil.
Venus is always brighter than the brightest star
27. Although most marine organisms do NOT use bacteria
to make their light, the anglerfish is an exception.
It, about 4 cm long, cultures a glowing community
inside its retractable lure (called an esca).
42. Loose-Jawed fish (Aristostomias grimaldii)
This 5 inch (13 cm) fish is found in the
Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea.
It has large and sharp teeth.
43. Pachystomias microdon: A species of dragonfish with highly
unusual red photophores. These, combined with
red-sensitive eyes, give this species a "sniperscope"
50. Bioluminescence is a form of luminescence, or
‘cold light’ emission; less than 20% of the light
generates thermal radiation.
In the midwater zone (100-1000 meters deep), it has
been estimated that 90% of the fish & crustacean
species are capable of making light, and
the numbers of jellies even higher.
There are no luminous "flowering" plants, birds,
reptiles, amphibians or mammals.
53. Luminescence (การเปล่งแสง)
Light emitted at low
temperatures
Caused by
(1) chemical
reactions
(2) electrical
energy
≠ Incandescence (การเปล่งแสง
จากวัตถุร้อน)
< at high temperatures >
54. The dials,
hands, scales &
signs of
aviation &
navigational
instruments
& markings
are often
coated with
luminescent
Luminescence
57. Phosphorescence (การเรืองแสง)
In the past, used as synonym for
bioluminescenceExcited state somewhat
stableEmission – re-emitted the energy
gradually over time,
resulting in a dim steady glow
93. The distribution of different subtypes of
branchiomotor neurons expressing Green
Fluorescent Protein (GFP) in zebrafish
hindbrain (anterior to the top).
