This document summarizes an experimental study that compared vegetable oil-based and mineral oil-based minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) during machining. Mild steel and stainless steel were machined under different conditions and their surface roughness, chip formation, tool wear, and chip-tool interface temperature were evaluated. Key results included the vegetable oil MQL providing better surface finish for mild steel, better chip formation for both materials, and lower tool wear and interface temperatures for stainless steel, compared to the mineral oil MQL. The study determined optimal cutting parameters for stainless steel of 45 rpm spindle speed, 5.231 m/min cutting speed, and 0.186 ml/s vegetable oil flow rate, which produced the lowest interface temperature

1. Vegetable Oil Based Minimum
Quantity Lubrication (MQL) During
Machining
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering – University of Ruhuna

2. We
are
UGP2018 - 19 Dr. G. Indika P.
Perera
Advisor
Mr. K. C.
Wickramasingha
Co - Advisor
Mr. N.
Sarmilan
Member 01
Ms. W. L. R.
Fernando
Member 02
Page 02

3. Outline
• 01 Introduction
• 02 Methodology
• 03 Flow Rate Analysis
• 05 Results
• 04 Experimental Plan
• 06 Conclusion
• 07 Time Plan and References
Page 03

4. Introduction
A lubrication technique of
applying fine mist of oil instead
a flood of MWF
Minimum Quantity
Lubrication(MQL)
Gives more advantages than
petroleum oils such as high lubricity,
high load carrying capacity, low
volatility and etc.
Vegetable oil Based MWF
Causes to create various
environmental and technical
problems
Mineral oil Based MWF
A technique of applying a
steady flood of MWF to cutting
tool-workpiece interface
Flood Cooling
Page 04

5. Methodology
In the experimental stage, the Mild
Steel and AISI 304 Austenitic stainless
steel were machined under lathe
turning operation. As coolants, both
novel vegetable oil based MWF and
conventional mineral oil based MWF
under Minimum Quantity Lubrication
(MQL) were applied.
from overall project
was completed.85%
Around
The machining performances of
machined regions in terms of surface
roughness, chip formation, tool wear
and temperature of chip-tool interface
were evaluated. Besides that optimum
cutting parameters for AISI 304 were
determined.
90% Initiating the project and
literature review
100% Design the experimental
setup
100% Establish the
experimental setup
50% Final report and
research paper
work
100% Conduct the experiments
and data analysis
Page 05

6. Flow Rate Analysis
Table 2: Flow rate of MWFs at 3 bar pressure
Table 1: Flow rates of water under different air
pressures and valve positions for 500 ml of water
Metal Working Fluid Flow rate
(ml/s)
Mineral oil based MWF 0.177
Vegetable oil based MWF 0.186
Pressure
(bar)
Ball valve
opening %
(Compres
sed air)
Ball valve
opening %
(Water)
Time
(s)
Flow
rate
(ml/s)
4 100 10 733 0.682
4 100 5 2360 0.212
3 50 5 2520 0.198
Page 06

7. Experimental Plan
Materials
MS – Mild Steel
SS – Stainless Steel
MWFs
Veg – Newly Developed Vegetable
oil based MWF
Min – Mineral oil based MWF
Cutting
Parameters
Feed rate - 0.05mm/rev
Depth of cut - 1.0mm
Spindle speeds – 45rpm, 585rpm,
900rpm
VegMin
TW
CM
&
SR
OCP
TCTITW
CM
&
SR
OCP
TCTI
MQL
SS
MS
SS
MS
SS
SS
MSSS
MS
SS
MS
SS
SS
MS
Machining
Performances
TW - Tool Wear
CM & SR – Chip Morphology &
Surface Roughness
OCP – Optimum Cutting Parameters
TCTI – Temperature of Chip-Tool
Interface
Page 07

8. Why the difference…?
Experimental Results
Of Surface Roughness
The novel coconut oil based MWF
under MQL is a better cooling
technique for Mild Steel than
Austenitic stainless steel to obtain the
superior surface finish.
0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
0.000 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000 120.000
SurfaceRouhgness(µm)
Cutting Speed (m/min)
1.0 mm Depth of Cut @ 0.05 mm/rev of Feed Rate (Mild
Steel)
Emulsion
Soluble
0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
0.000 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000 120.000
SurfaceRoughness(µm)
Cutting Speed (m/min)
1.0 mm Depth of Cut @ 0.05 mm/rev of Feed Rate (AISI
304)
Emulsion
Soluble
Results
Page 08

9. Chip Morphology|
Deviation of external appearance of the chips
with increasing spindle speed
Chip color
Low values of chip curl radius causes to higher tensile
strain of the chip. It leads to higher value of energy
utilization and heat propagation at cutting region
Chip curl radius
Short chips show the better machining
performances than long chips
Chip length
An ISO recommendation
Gives the bench mark for future studies
Favorability
A
B
C Different types of chips formed during turning operation of AISI 304 Stainless Steel by
using vegetable oil based MWF under MQL condition ((A) 45rpm (B) 585rpm (C) 900rpm)
Results

10. Results
Chip Morphology|
Mild Steel – Soluble oil
Mild Steel – Emulsion
Spindle Speed (rpm) Chip Curl radius
(mm)
Chip length (mm) Chip Color Favorability
45 1.332 10.780 Metallic Favorable
585 1.310 50.900 Metallic Favorable
900 1.216 54.330 Metallic Favorable
Spindle Speed (rpm) Chip Curl radius
(mm)
Chip length (mm) Chip Color Favorability
45 1.707 Long Metallic Unfavorable
585 1.237 56.740 Metallic Favorable
900 0.903 54.930 Metallic Favorable
Page 10

11. Results
Chip Morphology|
Spindle Speed
(rpm)
Chip Curl radius
(mm)
Chip length (mm) Chip Color Favorability
45 1.149 Long Metallic Unfavorable
585 4.525 Long Metallic Unfavorable
900 5.364 Long Golden Unfavorable
AISI 304– Emulsion
Spindle Speed
(rpm)
Chip Curl
radius (mm)
Chip length (mm) Chip Color Favorability
45 0.822 Long Metallic Unfavorable
585 2.392 32.49 Metallic Favorable
900 2.950 83.06 Metallic Favorable
AISI 304– Soluble oil
Page 11

12. Experimental Results
Of Chip curl Radius
The novel coconut oil based MWF under MQL
was failed to absorb heat from cutting zone when
compared mineral oil.
0.000
0.200
0.400
0.600
0.800
1.000
1.200
1.400
1.600
1.800
0.000 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000 120.000
ChipCurlRadius(mm)
Cutting Speed (m/min)
1.0 mm Depth of Cut @ 0.05 mm/rev of Feed Rate (Mild
Steel)
Emulsion
Soluble
0.000
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
0.000 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000 120.000
ChipCurlRadius(mm)
Cutting Speed (m/min)
1.0 mm Depth of Cut @ 0.05 mm/rev of Feed Rate
(AISI 304)
Emulsion
Soluble
𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑝𝑠 ∝
1
𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑝 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠
[26]
Results
Page 12

13. Experimental Results Of
chip-tool interface
temperature
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0.000 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000 120.000
TemperatureoC
Cutting Speed (m/min)
Emulsion
Soluble
1.0 mm Depth of Cut @ 0.05 mm/rev of Feed
Rate (AISI 304)
0.000
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
30.000
35.000
40.000
0.000 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000 120.000
TemperatureoC
Cutting Speed (m/min)
Emulsion
Soluble
1.0 mm Depth of Cut @ 0.05 mm/rev of Feed
Rate (Mild Steel)
The novel coconut oil based MWF
under MQL is a better cooling technique
for Austenitic stainless steel than Mild
Steel to obtain the lowest temperature at
chip-tool interface.
Results
Page 13

14. Optimum cutting parameters for AISI 304
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
0.000 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000 120.000
Temperature(oC)
Cutting Speed (m/min)
3.0 bar
2.5 bar
2.0 bar
1.0 mm Depth of Cut @ 0.05 mm/rev of Feed
Rate (AISI 304) 0.757ml/s flow rate of mineral
oil based MWF
20.0
22.0
24.0
26.0
28.0
30.0
32.0
0.000 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000 120.000
Temperature(oC)
Cutting Speed (m/min)
0.186 ml/s
0.714ml/s
0.800ml/s
1.0 mm Depth of Cut @ 0.05 mm/rev of Feed
Rate (AISI 304) at 3bar pressure and different
flow rates of vegetable oil based MWF
𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑝 − 𝑡𝑜𝑜𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 ∝ 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑝 − 𝑡𝑜𝑜𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 ∝
1
𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑀𝑊𝐹
Results
Page 14

15. Optimum cutting parameters for AISI 304
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
0.000 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000 120.000
Temperture(oC)
Cutting speed (m/min)
Min oil 0.177 ml/s Veg oil 0.186 ml/s
1.0 mm Depth of Cut @ 0.05 mm/rev of Feed Rate
(AISI 304) at 2bar pressure and negligible amount of
mist level of vegetable oil based MWF
Parameter Value
Spindle speed 45 rpm
Linear cutting speed 5.231 m/min
Feed rate 0.05 mm/rev
Depth of cut. 1.0 mm
Pressure of compressed air 2 bar
Flow rate of MWF 0.186 ml/s
Results
Page 15

16. Results
Optimum cutting parameters for AISI 304
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
0.000 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000 120.000
Temperature(oC)
Cutting Speed (m/min)
0.177 ml/s 0.608ml/s 0.757 ml/s
1.0 mm Depth of Cut @ 0.05 mm/rev of Feed Rate
(AISI 304) at 2bar pressure and negligible amount of
mist level of mineral oil based MWF (0.608 ml/s flow
rate)
Parameter Value
Spindle speed 45 rpm
Linear cutting speed 5.231 m/min
Feed rate 0.05 mm/rev
Depth of cut. 1.0 mm
Pressure of compressed air 2 bar
Flow rate of MWF 0.608 ml/s
Page 16

17. Tool Flank Wear
Mineral oil based MWF Coconut oil based MWF
Line profiles of tool surface while machining of Mild Steel
with presence of two different MWFs
0.00E+00
1.00E-05
2.00E-05
3.00E-05
4.00E-05
5.00E-05
6.00E-05
7.00E-05
0 0.00002 0.00004 0.00006 0.00008 0.0001
Y(m)
X (m)
Min Veg
Mild Steel AISI 304
𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑖𝑙
𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑀𝑊𝐹
ℎ𝑎𝑑 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑛
9%
i𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑚e𝑛𝑡
Mineral oil based MWF
0.00E+00
2.00E-05
4.00E-05
6.00E-05
8.00E-05
1.00E-04
1.20E-04
0 0.00002 0.00004 0.00006 0.00008 0.0001
Y(m)
X(m)
Min Veg
Line profiles of tool surface while machining of AISI 304
with presence of two different MWFs
Novel 𝑀𝑊𝐹
ℎ𝑎𝑑 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑛
5%
i 𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒m 𝑛𝑡
Coconut oil based MWF

18. Tool Nose Wear
MineraloilbasedMWFCoconutoilbasedMWF
Mild Steel AISI 304Results
Page 18

19. Novel coconut oil based MWF is suitable to obtain,
• Better surface roughness of Mild Steel
• Better chip formation in both Mild Steel and AISI 304
• More convenient chip-tool interface temperature of AISI 304
• Lowest tool flank wear while machining of AISI 304
• Lowest tool nose wear while machining of both Mild Steel and AISI 304
than mineral oil based MWF.
Conclusion
Page 19

20. Plan Duration % Complete % Complete (beyond plan)
Actual Start Actual (beyond plan)
ACTIVITY SUB ACTIVITY
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
1.Initiating project 1.1 Topic selection 1 1 1 1 100%
1.2 Define scope 1 2 1 2 100%
2.Literature Review 1 14 1 15 90%
3.Design Experimental setup 3.1 Conceptual design 5 1 5 1 100%
3.2 Selection of the setup 6 1 6 1 100%
3.3 Modelling of the setup 7 2 7 2 100%
3.4 Finalize our Design 9 1 9 1 100%
3.5 Fabrication 10 2 10 3 100%
4.Establish Testing Setup 4.1 Constructing Componants 12 3 12 4 100%
4.2 System Installation 13 3 13 3 100%
4.3 System commissioning 15 2 15 3 100%
5. Experiments 5.1 Surface Roughness 17 2 17 2 100%
5.2 Tool Wear 17 2 17 1 100%
5.3 Chip formation 17 2 17 1 100%
5.4 Temperature of Chip-tool
Interafce
18 1 18 1 100%
5.5 Optimum Cutting Parameters 18 1 18 1 100%
6.Data Analysis 19 1 19 1 100%
7. Conclusion 20 1 20 1 100%
8. Report writing 21 1 21 1 100%
9. Research Paper work 22 7 22 7 25%
Time Plan
PERIODS (WEEKS)PLAN
START
PLAN
DURATION
ACTUAL
START
ACTUAL
DURATION
PERCENT
COMPLETE
Page 20

21. We were there
In SAMR’18
Colombo, Sri Lanka
The South Asia
Conference on
Multidisciplinary Research
2018 (SAMR’18),
organized by The
International Research
and Development
Institution (TIRDI), was
held on 05th October 2018.
A premier knowledge
building event, provided
unequalled networking
opportunities and
presenter friendly
academic environment.
Page 21

22. References
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24. Thank You
For listening…!