4. Perennialism
Comes from the word “perennial”
meaning everlasting. A very
conservative and inflexible
philosophy of education.
5. Perennialism
A teacher-centered philosophy that
emphasizes the importance of
transferring knowledge, information,
and skills from the older
(presumably wiser) generation to the
younger one.
The most conservative, traditional
or inflexible of five philosophies.
6. Perennialism
According to classical definition:
Education for perennialist,
Is a preparation for life, and
Students should be taught the
world’s permanencies through
structured study.
7. TWO KINDS OF
PERENNIALISM IN
EDUCATION
GESTURES is a form of non-
verbal symbol in which visible
bodily actions communicate a
particular message
15. TYPES OF
NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION
- involves the cues and signals we
give using personal and social
space
Use of SPACE
-can be categorized by permanent
structure and movable objects, and
personal space.
18. TYPES OF
NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION
- our choice of clothing, hairstyle, and other
appearance factors are also considered a
means of nonverbal communication
Emphasize cultural differences like the hand sign for “okay”, in US, but money in phil. And is rude in Arabic countries because it’s like invitation of sex, pointing fingers
The OK sign in Greece, Spain or, Brazil means you are calling someone an asshole
In Turkey it means an insult towards gay people
Thumbs up – in America and Europe it’s an indicator of a job well done, however in Greece or the Middle East it can mean ‘up yours’
Curling the index finger with a palm facing up – US and Europe use to beckon someone
China, East Asia, Malaysia, Singapore and Philippines – impolite gesture
In some parts of india, people tilt their head from side to side to confirm something and demonstrate that they are actively listening.
Eye is the window of the soul
The most important aspect of oculesics is eye contact
Posture can convey a wealth of information about how a person is feeling as well as hints about personality characteristics, such as whether a person is confident, open or submissive.
We may promt the students to show the supposed posture of students in class. We may also give etiquette in social gatherings like how men and women are seated.
Different emotions are aligned to the use of our voice whether we’re happy, enraged, disgusted, etc. it must be appropriate to the context and we must be careful in managing our voice
Touch is the most intimate and involving form of communication and helps us to be keep good relationships with others
Social touch – tapping of shoulders, appear, fist bump
Professional touch- shaking of hands
Far East Strong hand shake as aggressive, usually bow instead
Northern Europe, quick and firm handshake is the norm
Southern Europe, Central and South America, a handshake is longer and warmer
Men in Islamic countries never shake the hands of women outside the family
Therapeutic touch – nurse and caregivers
Professional touch- shaking of hands
Northern Europe and Far East as classed as non-contact cultures. There is a very little physical contact beyond a handshake with people we don’t know well. Even accidentally brushing someone’s arm on the street warrants an apology.
America and southern Europe, high contact classes, physical touch is a big part of socializing
In much of the Arab world, men hold hands and kisses each other in greetings, but never would do the same with a woman.
In Thailand and Laos, it is a taboo to touch anyone’s head, even children
Permanent space – like establishments with green and white color suggests hospital
Pink house suggest woman is living there
Movable objects like there’s an ashtray inside a house which may mean that you can smoke inside a house. Slippers are left by the door may mean that you have to remove your slippers upon entering
Permanent space – like establishments with green and white color suggests hospital
Pink house suggest woman is living there
Movable objects like there’s an ashtray inside a house which may mean that you can smoke inside a house. Slippers are left by the door may mean that you have to remove your slippers upon entering
Chronemics help us to understand how people perceive and structure time in their dialogue and relationships with others.
The very concept of communication as a process implies that it is a time-bound activity. In so many ways, time acts as a fundamental organizing principle for social interaction. The way time is structured may in itself sends messages related to immediacy and closeness (Andersen, 1984).
Think about many everyday American phrases that reflect the cultural view that time is very valuable (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980): “Don’t waste time,” “Save time,” “Spend time,” “Can’t spare time,” “Invest time,” Run out of time,” “Budget time,” “Borrowed time,” “Lose time,” “Use time profitably.”
Spending time with another person sends the message that the person is important and reflects a desire to develop or maintain a close relationship. Egland, Stelzner, Andersen, and Spitzberg (1997) found that the best way to signal relational closeness is to spend time with one’s partner. Similarly, being on time, waiting for a late partner, sharing conversation time, and devoting time to work on the relationship all play a role in the level of emotional closeness partners feel for one another.
