It's About Insect Resistant Cotton, it would be helpful for students and researchers.

1. INSECT RESISTANT
COTTON
Muhammad Waseem
2018-ag-109
Seminar - 720

2. Introduction
■ Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber.
■ Cash crop- known as “White Gold”.
■ King of fiber crops
■ 4th in ranking (Bakhsh et al., 2009; Sial et al., 2014)
■ Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae.

3. Economic Value
(PBS 2018-19)
■ Agriculture contributes 18.5% to country’s
Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
■ Considered as life line of economy of
Pakistan.
■ 0.8% share in GDP
■ And contributes 4.5% in agriculture value
addition.

4. Cotton (Bales)
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
13031 12769
13960
9917
10671
11946
9861
ECONOMIC SURVEY 2018-19
Cotton (Bales)

5. Major Insect Pests
Sucking Pests
•Whitefly
•Thrips
•Jassid
Chewing Pests
•Pink Bollworm
•American Bollworm
•Spotted Bollworms
•Armyworms

6. Yield losses due to…
■ Unfavorable weather conditions
■ stunting of crop
■ uncontrol of Whitefly, Pink
Bollworms and other insect pests
■ Fluctuating prices
■ 60% to 80% yield losses due to
insect pests.

7. Insect infections due to…
■ Most susceptible crop
■ Green and succulent foliage
■ Indeterminate growth habit
■ Presence of extra foliar nectarines

8. Pesticides ratio:
60% pesticides
use in Cotton
and 40%
pesticides use
in other several
crops.
Cotton
60%
Other Crops
40%
PESTICIDES RATIO
Kang (2013)

9. Basis of Insect Resistance…
There are 3 basic mechanisms in
Cotton
■ Morphological mechanism
e.g. Hairiness- jassid
■ Physiological mechanism
e.g. Osmotic Concentration-
Resist against Jassid.
■ Biochemical mechanism
e.g. Gossypol

10. Basis of Insect Resistance…
■ Non Preference
e.g. Hairiness, Fregobracts
in Cotton
■ Antibiosis
e.g. High Gossypol level
■ Tolerance
Hybrid varieties- High
potential for insect resistant
■ Avoidance or Escape
e.g. Early maturing varieties

11. Sources of Insect Resistance
■ Cultivated varieties
■ Germplasm collections
■ Wild species
e.g. G.tomentosum , G.anomalum & G.armourianum are good
sources of jassid resistance in cotton.
■ Mutations
■ Microorganism
e.g. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)

12. Bt Cotton
■ Genetically modified
crop
■ Bacillus Thuregiensis is a
Bacterium, discovered by
Ishiwatari in 1901.
■ Bacterium produces
insecticidal protein- Cry
Protein.
■ Currently the genetic
modified cotton
cultivation consumed for
more than 95% area
under cotton cultivation

13. Why Bt Cotton?
Insect resistant
crop. e.g. Bollworm
resistant
Reduces the
insecticides
because of
insecticidal protein
in nature
More effective than
other cotton
varieties

14. How Bt works…
■ Ingestion
■ Solubilization & proteolytic activation
■ Binding to target site
■ Formation of toxic lesion

16. Achievements
(Insect resistant varieties)
MNH-552
IR-901
FNH-1000
CIM-473
NIBGE-1

17. Future Outlook
■ Bt varieties should be
grown
■ High gossypol contents on
plant not on seed
■ Hairiness, waxy leaves
■ Frego bracts
■ Early Maturity Varieties
■ Increase the Terpenes
Contents(terpenoids)
■ Okra leaves

18. References…
■ Government of Pakistan. Economic Survey (2018– 19) of Pakistan. Ministry of Finance,
Islamabad.
■ Shahid. J (2014) Bollworms develop resistance against cotton crop.
http://www.dawn.com. /news/1119078
■ Kang, S.A. 2013. Impact of pesticide use in Pakistan agriculture: there benefits and
hazards.
■ Khan, S.M., I. Saeed, M. Shah, S.F. Shah and H. Mir. 2012. Intergration of tolerance of
Bt. Cotton varieties with insecticides against spotted bollworm, Earias insulana (Boisd.)
and E. virella (Fab.) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). Sarhad J. Agric. 28: 57–62.
■ Bravo A., Gill S. S., & Soberon M. (2007). Mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry
and Cyt toxins and their potential for insect control. Toxicon, 49(4),423-435.
■ Fujimoto H, ltoh K, Yamamoto M, Kyozuka J, Shimamoto K (1993) Insect resistant rice
generated by introduction of a modified a-endotoxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis,
Bio/Technology 11:1151-1155.