DOING DEVELOPMENT ORIENTED AGRONOMY

1. Assignment Topic
DOING DEVELOPMENT ORIENTED AGRONOMY
Submitted by
Muhammad Habib Ullah
2015-ag-7783
Submitted To
Dr. Masood Awan Shb

2. What is Agriculture?
Agriculture is the science, Business and art of cultivating plants and
livestock.Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary
human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created
food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. The history of
agriculture began thousands of years ago. After gathering wild grains
beginning at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers began to plant
them around 11,500 years ago. Pigs, sheep and cattle were
domesticated over 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently
cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world.

3. What is Agronomy?
The word Agronomy has been derived from the two Greek words,
agros and nomos having the meaning of field and to manage.
Agronomy is defined as “a branch of agricultural science which deals
with principles and practices of field crop production and management
of soil for higher productivity

4. Pakistan’s agriculture sector plays a central role in the economy as it
contributes 18.9% to GDP and absorbs 42.3% of labor force. Where
agronomy play an important role in Pakistan economy.
It is also an important source of foreign exchange earnings and stimulates
growth in other sectors.
The government is focusing on supporting small and marginalized farmers
and promote small scale innovative technologies to promote growth in this
sector.
According to the 6th Population and Housing Census of Pakistan 2017-20,
the country’s population is growing at the rate of 2.4 percent per annum.
This rapid increase in population is raising demand for agricultural
products. The present government is focused on developing this sector.
DOING DEVELOPMENT ORIENTED
AGRONOMY

5. During 2017-19, agriculture sector recorded a remarkable growth of 3.81%
and surpassed its targeted growth of 3.5% and last year’s growth of 2.07%.
The Agronomy sector performed well and witnessed a growth rate of 3.83%
against the last year’s growth of 0.91%.
The growth in sub sectors, important crops, other crops and cotton ginning
registered a significant growth of 3.57%, 3.33% and 8.72%,.respectively,
against last year’s growth of 2.18%, 2.66% and 5.58% respectively.
Major Kharif crops such as sugarcane and rice surpassed their production
targets during 2017-18 by recording growth of 7.45% and 8.65%.
respectively, while cotton crop production managed to exceed last year’s
production level by recording growth of 11.85%.
Wheat and maize crop production remained subdued, as it witnessed decline
of 4.43% and 7.04%, respectively.
Other crops having share of 10.80% in agriculture value addition and 2.04%
in GDP.
Performance of Agriculture & Agronomy During
2017-19

6. HOW AGRONOMY DOING DEVELOPMENT
ORIENTED?
Agronomy is not just about the art of managing soils and crops but it
also play a important role in developing a nation or country. In Next
slides we discuss How agronomy doing development in Pakistan.
In next slides we discuss how agronomy plays its important role in
Pakistan economy and national development.
All major and minor crops which are cash or important crop for
Human and animals food, all crops comes in Agronomy.
Factors which is play its roles in agronomy for developing a nation,
we discuss in next slides.

7. Factors of Developing nation
Different factors of Agronomy plays its important roles in developing a
nation. We Discuss some factors which play its role on developing of
Pakistan.
1. Crops of Agronomy
2. Contribution to Foreign Exchange Resources
3. Raw material for industries
4. Role of industries in Pakistan
5. Source of employment

8. Conti…
06. Food requirement
07. Experts
08. Modern Agronomy
09. Rural poverty Decreased
10. Banking Sector
Factors of Developing nation

9. Crops of Agronomy
Cotton
Sugarcane
Wheat
Rice
Maize
Other crops(gram, Bajra, Jowar , Mustard)
Oilseed

10. Cotton

11. Cotton
During 2017-18, cotton production is 11.935 million bales
and recorded growth of 11.8 percent over the production of
10.671 million bales during same period last year.
Cotton crop has 1.0 percent share in GDP and contributes
5.5 percent in agriculture value addition.
Cotton crop was cultivated on an area of 2,699 thousand
hectares compared to last year’s area of 2,489 thousand
hectares, showing an increase of 8.4 percent.
The production increased due to better economic returns
received during last year.
Pakistan is World’s 4th largest producer of the Cotton.
Pakistan is 3rd largest exporter of cotton.

12. Sugarcane

13. Sugarcane
Sugarcane is high value cash crop of Pakistan and is significantly
important for sugar and sugar related industries in the national
economy.
It provides raw material for Sugar industry. After textile it is the 2nd
largest Agronomical industry of Pakistan.
During 2017-18, the sugarcane crop production is 81.102 million
tones showing an increase of 7.4 percent over the last year’s
production of 75.482 tones which comfortably exceeded the target of
70.3 million tones by a considerable margin of 15.4 percent.
Its production accounts 3.6 percent in agriculture’s value addition and
0.7 percent in overall GDP.

14. Conti…
Sugarcane crop was cultivated on an area of
1,313 thousand hectares compared to last year’s
area of 1,218 thousand hectares witnessed an
increase of 7.8 percent.
The sugarcane production increased due to
increase in area sown as good economic return.
The yield of sugarcane during last five year
given in table.
Sugarcane

15. Wheat

16. During 2017-18, Wheat crop was cultivated on an area of 8,734
thousand hectares showing a decrease of 2.6 percent compared to
8,972 thousand hectares during the corresponding period last year.
Wheat production is 25.492 million tones during 2017-18 recording a
decline of 4.4 percent over the production of 26.674 million tones last
year.
Wheat accounts for 9.1% of the value added in agriculture and 1.7%
of GDP of Pakistan.
The position over the last five years given in the table in next slide.
Wheat

17. Wheat

18. Rice

19. In Pakistan, Rice is an important food as well as cash crop.
After wheat, it is the second main staple food crop and second major exportable
crop after cotton.
During 2017-18, area cultivated under rice crop has increased by 6.4% to 2,899
thousand hectares compared to 2,724 thousand hectares of the corresponding
period of last year.
The production of rice reached historically high level of 7,442 thousand tones
against the production of 6,849 thousand tones and recorded an increase of 8.7%
over production of last year.
Rice accounts for 3.1% in the value added in agriculture and 0.6% of GDP.
Pakistan exports 3.75 million tons.
The area, production and yield of rice in last five years are shown in Table in next
slide.
Rice

20. Rice

21. Maize

22. During 2017-18, maize crop was cultivated on an area of 1,229
thousand hectares and witnessed decline of 8.8 percent over last year’s
cultivated area of 1,348 thousand hectares.
Maize crop production recorded a decline of 7.0% as its production
stood at 5.702 million tones compared to the last year’s production of
6.134 million tones.
Maize contributes 2.4% value added in agriculture and 0.5% to GDP.
The position is presented in Table in next slide.
Maize

23. Maize

24. Other Crops

25. Gram is the largest Rabi pulse crop, accounting for 76% of total production of pulses in the country
and occupies about 5% of cropped area.
During 2017-18, gram production witnessed an increase of 3% on account of increase in area sown
and favorable weather condition prevalent at the time of sowing.
The production of Bajra, Jowar and Rapeseed & Mustard witnessed increase of 9.8%, 4.1% and
0.1%, respectively.
The production of Barley has recorded a decline of 0.3% in production during 2017-18. The area
and production of other crops are given in Table.
Other Crops

26. Oilseeds

27. The major oilseed crops grown in the country include Sunflower, Canola,
Rapeseed/Mustard and Cotton.
Total availability of edible oils during 2016-17 remained at 3.623 million tones of
which local production contributed 0.431 million tones (12%) and the import
share of edible oil/oilseeds was 3.191 million tones (88%).
The import bill of edible oil during 2016-17 was Rs 320.893 billion (US$ 3.063
billion).
During 2017-18 (July-February), 1.944 million tons of edible oil worth Rs
155.278 billion (US$ 1.453 billion) has been imported.
Local production of edible oil during 2017-18 (July February) is provisionally
estimated at 0.503 million tones.
Oilseeds

28. Total availability of edible oil from all sources is provisionally
estimated at 2.447 million tones during 2017-18 (July February).
The area and production of oilseed crops during 2016-17 and 2017-18
is given in table.
Oilseeds

29. Role of Industries in Pakistan

30. Textile Industries

31. Cotton is the major crop which is used as raw material for these
industries for production purpose.
In economic development textile industries plays very important role.
These industries totally dependent on agronomy production in raw form.
Further these products are exported to many economies against foreign
exchange.
Textile industries also provide employment level which increases the per
capita income of the person.
So The contribution of textile industries in the development of Pakistan
has much importance.
Textile Industries

32. Sugar Industries

33. Sugar cane is produced on very large scale in many areas of Pakistan.
Sugar industry is also one of the major sectors of economy which has
great importance according to development of Pakistan.
This is totally Agronomy based industry. This further supplies to
sugar industries for the production of sugar and other by products
which has great market.
Sugar industries also helps to provide employment to the peoples.
Sugar Industries

34. Rice Industries

35. Many areas of Pakistan have much importance according to the
production of rice crop.
In some areas the world most famous rice crop is produced.
 A huge quantity is exported to many economies against foreign
exchange. This foreign exchange is further utilized in import of some
other products like modern technology or machinery or this is utilized
for the improvement of infrastructure of the economy.
Rice Industries

36. Contribution to Foreign Exchange Resources
Agricultural products primary produce and manufactured through
agricultural raw material occupy an important place in the country’s
export.
Agriculture has by been one of the greatest source of foreign
exchange after other professions.
 According to an estimate, Agronomy commodities like raw cotton
and unmanufactured tobacco, oilseeds accounted for about 39% of the
total value of exports in 1988–89.
This makes a sizable contribution to the foreign exchange resources
of the country.

37. Source of employment
Pakistan as developing economy the employment on consistent level has
much importance.
In this behalf the branch of agriculture Agronomy has much importance
because it provides employment directly or indirectly to the public.
Employment contribute to GDP, it is as with the increase in employment
the per capita income will increase which results to increase in GDP rate of
the economy.
Employment directly affects the GSP of economy as well as the per capita
income. With the increase in per capita income living standard increases,
higher hygiene facilities & better education facilities are also increases.
All these signs are the factors of economic development. So we can say that
the branch of agriculture Agronomy has a great contribution toward
economic development by providing the employment.

38. Food requirement
Population growth rate of Pakistan is increasing rapidly.
Agronomy is the main Department of Agriculture in which all Cereal crops
are come. Cereals area grown throughout the world to provide food for the
human consumption and feed and fodder for livestock.
According to UNDP human development report population growth rate of
Pakistan is 2% per year. So with the rapidly increasing population the food
requirement is also increasing rapidly.
In this behalf Agronomy is the the major sector which is the meeting the
increasing requirement of food. It also reduces the import of food from
other economies. So we can say that Agronomy is playing very vital role in
development of Pakistan by providing the food for massive population as
well as supporting the economic growth.

39. Experts
Agronomy Experts is also plays its important role in developing of
Pakistan nation.
 Agronomy Experts shares their knowledge, skills, new varieties,
techniques, technologies to the farmers for getting high Quantity of
yield.
Agronomy Experts idea is to provide the most lush, disease-free crops
as possible.
So in this way agronomy Experts helps to Pakistan and its growth
toward development.

40. Raw material for industries
Industries have great importance for the development of any country
specially for developing economies like Pakistan.
Industries need raw material to produce finish goods.
In Pakistan agriculture provides raw material to industries. Cotton is very
important agronomical production which is also major export of Pakistan.
It is used as raw material in textile industries. The production of these
textile industries is exported to various countries against foreign exchange.
Other agronomical crops used as a raw material in industries.
So in this way agronomy helps to Pakistan economy and its growth toward
development.

41. Modern Agronomy
Traditional Agronomy Practices is comes to end in Pakistan.
Farmers use new technologies, modern techniques to built high yield in
crops.
Farmers use tractor, modern implements for growing and harvesting the
crops.
In Agronomy, Modern techniques are the main factors of developing a
country.
In Agronomy use of modern technology like nanotechnology has played
very vital role in the development of economy. This technology is used for
producing the high yielding variety with high quality products.

42. Rural Poverty Decreased
Agriculture sector has played very important role in order to reduction of
rural poverty.
Green revolution technology in Agronomy (irrigation, improved seeds
and fertilizers) played very vital role to increase the agricultural production
which results in increase in GDP.
Through this technology farmers with land gain the opportunity to increase
their production.
So in this way arable lands became cultivated lands and farmers got the
market of agricultural products against some return.
So with the help of Agriculture & agronomy Rural Poverty decreased day
by day and Pakistan is on the way of development.

43. Banking Sectors
Agriculture has also contributed a great role toward the development
of banking sector.
As the government realized the importance of agriculture, it takes
steps to improve the productivity of crops by providing the credit
facilities to the farmers at low interest rates.
With utilizing these credits farmers can produce more and more crops.
For this purpose government established the ZTBL and other financial
institutes for the provision of credit facilities. So in this way
development of banking sector takes place and Banking Sector plays
its role in Pakistan National development.