This presentation includes the important clinical signs of the diseases. This includes physical signs and diagnostic signs which are observed on x-ray and ultrasound.

1. IMPORTANT CLINICAL SIGNS
 Clinical Signs
S. No.
1. Aaron's sign  Appendicitis → Epigastric distress
2. Alder's sign  Appendicitis in pregnancy →
Shifting tenderness
3. Cullen's sign  Ectopic pregnancy → Ec-chymosis
of umbilicus
 Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis (haemoperitoneum)
4. Carnett's sign  Plane of Abdominal Swelling
5. Chilaiditi's sign  Interposition of colon between liver
and diaphragm
6. Cope's sign
(Psoas sign)
 Acute appendicitis
7. Cope's psoas test  Acute appendicitis
8. Courvoisier's sign  Obstructive jaundice → If gall bladder
is palpable it is not due to gall stones
(Curvoisier's law)
9. Crowe's sign  Neurofibromatosis Axillary feckling
10. DaRLymple sign  Grave’s ophthalmopathy → Retraction
of upper eyeLid
11. Dance sign  Intussusception Emptiness in right iliac fossa
12. Echo sign  Heard over hydatid cyst → P e r c u s s i o
n s o u n d resembling an echo
13. Ewart’s sign  P e r i c a r d i a l e f f u s i o n → D u l l on
percussionatlowerangleofleftscapula
14. Fox sign  Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis →
Discoloration near inguinalligament
15. Flush tank sign  Hydronephrosis
16. Grey Turne r sign  Hemorhagicparicreat itis → Bruising
in left flank (flanksTURn Grey)
17. Griffith sign  Grave's ophthalmopatly → Lower lid lag
on upwardgaze
18. Guyon's sign  Ballottement → Floating kidney
19. Homan's sign  Deep vein thrombosis of calf veins → Pain
on sudden dorsiflexionoffoot
20. Hamilton Bailey sign  Intussusception → Sausage shaped mass
21. H i t z e l b e r g e r '
s s i g n
 A c o u s t i c n e u r o m a → A n esthesia
of external auditory canal due to
compression of facialnerve
22. Joffroy's sign  Grave's → Absence of wrinkling on forehead
23. Kanavel's sign  Ulnar bursitis → Site of maximumtenderness

2. 24. Kehr sign  Splenic rupture → Pain elicited inleft shoulder
25. Lesar Trelat sign  Internal malignancy of GIT → Sudden appearance
& rapid increase in size & number of "seborrhoeic
keratosis"
26. Mc. Burney's sign  Appendicitis → Tenderness overMc.Bumey
point
27. Murphy's sign  Cholecystitis
28. Moebius sign  Grave's → Inability to keep eye balls
converged
29. Mose's sign  Deep vein thrombosis → Squeezing relaxed calf
causes pain
30. Prehn's sign  Epididymo-orchitis → Elevation & support of
scrotum relieves pain(not in torsion)
31. Puddle sign  Ascites → Small amount (150-500 ml)
32. Pemberton's sign  Retrosternal thyroid
33. Pointing sign  Appendicitis → Site of maximum pain
34. Pandasign (Raccoon
sign)
 Trauma/fracture of floor of anterior fossa of
skull (black eye)
35. Argyll Robertson pupil
sign
 Neurosyphilis → Light reflex lost
accommodation reflex retained
36. Bananasign  Arnold-Chiari deformity (Hydrocepalus)
37. Bird's sign  Hydatid disease of lung → Definite zone of
dullness
38. Boston's sign
 [Von Graefis sign] → Thyrotoxicosis → Lid lag
39. Bent inner tube sign  Sigmoid volvulus
40. Bird of Prey sign  Barium enema → Sigmoid
volvulus
41. Carman's sign  [Meniscus sign] → Gastric ulcer
42. Chilaiditissign  Interposition of colon between liver and
diaphragm
43. Coiled spring sign  Barium enema → Intussusception
44. Colon cut off sign  Appendicular perforation
 Acute pancreatitis
45. Cupola sign  Pneumoperitoneum → Gas under diaphragm
46. Crow foot sign  Mercedes Benz sign, Seagull's sign → Gall
stones
47. Claw sign  Ileo-colicintuscesception
48. Coffee bean sign  Volvulus of sigmoid colon
49. Doublebubblesign  Duodenal obstruction (atresia)
50. Tinel's sign  Prognostic indicator of nerve recovery
51. Echosign  Percussion sound heard over hydatid cyst
52. 'E' sign (Reverse 3 sign)  Coarctation of aorta (barium swallow)

3. 53. Figure of 3 Sign  Coarctation of aorta (chest x-ray)
54. Frostberg's sign  B a r i u m s t u d y → C A o f head of
pancreas involving duodenum
55. Kanavey's sign  A c u t e p a n c r e a t i t i s (kanavel sign =
Tenosynovitis)
56. Hamman's sign  Pneumo mediastinitis with esophageal
rupture → Precordial crunching
57. Kernig's sign  Meningitis
58. String sign of Kantor  Barium enema → Crohn's disease
59. Lemon sign  Arnold Chiari deformity → Scalloping of frontal
bones
60. Oliver's sign  Tracheal tug → Aneurysm of aorta
61. Omega sign  Sigmoid volulus
62. Pandasign  Raccoon sign (Black eye) Trauma,fracture of floor
of the anterior fossa of skull
63. Rattailsign  Esophageal carcinoma
64. Trail's sign  Sternal head of sternomastoid muscle will
become prominent on the side to which trachea
is deviated
65. Trousseau'ssign  Hypocalcemia → Carpo pedal spasm
 CA pancreas → Migrating superficial
thrombophlebills
66. Water lilysign  Hydatid cyst of the lung
67. Rovsing sign  Acute appendicitis → When left iliac fossa is
pressed, pain is felt in right iliac fossa
68. Stellwag's sign  Grave’s → Staring look
69. Slipsign  Lipoma
70. Suzmann's sign  Coarctationof aorta
71. Von Graefe's sign  Grave's → Lagging of upper lid
72. Teapotsign  CSF rhinorrhea
73. Jacksonsign  Pooling of saliva in pyriform fossa in
pyriform cancer fossa
ORTOPEDICS
74. Sagging rope sign  Perthe's disease
75. Finger in Ballon sign  Aneurysmal bone cyst
76. Brim sign  Page's disease involving pelvis
77. Tripod sign  None paralytic polio
78. Sectoral  AVNoffemoralhead
79. PhalenDicksonsign  Spondylolisthesis
80. Ludloff sign  Lesser trochanter avulsion
81. Kanavelsign  Infectionofulnarbursa
82. Martorellsign  Gout
83. Aneurysmal sign  TB spine
84. Sulcussign  Inferiordisclocationofshoulder

4. 85. Wilsonsign  Osteochondritissign
86. Payrs sign  Meniscalsign
87. Galleazi/Allisign  CDH
88. Trethovansign  Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
 Steels metaphyseal blanch sign
89. VascularsignofNarath  Posterior dislocationof hip
90. Catterallsign  Legcalveperthedisease
91. Hotcrossbunsign  Rickets
ENT SIGNS
92. Congenital syphilis  Hennebertsign
93. Furuncleofear  Tragalsign
94. Hematomaofpinna  Cauliflower ear,wrestler's ear
95. Diffuseotitisexterna  Swimmer's ear, tropical ear, Singaporeear
96. ASOM  Cartwheel appearance, light housesign
97. Lateral sinus thrombo-
phlebitis
 Hectictypepicketfencefever,Deltasign inCT
contrast
 Griesenger sign - obstruction of mastoid
emissiary veins, Crowbeck sign
98. Acutemastioditis  Reservoirsign
99. Meniere's disease  Diplacusis, Tullio phenomenon,
 Metz recruitment phenomenon,
 Tumarken crisis (macula destruction-linear
balance is lost)
100. Otosclerosis  Schwartz sign (flamingo pink TM) Carhart
notch
101. Glomus tumor  Brown sign, rising sun appearance, Phleps sign
on CECT
102. Acoustic neuroma  Hitselberger sign
103. Exostosis  Surfer's ear
104. Chronic hypertrophic
rhinitis
 Mulberry turbinate
105. Rhinosporidiosis  Mulberry mucosa
106. Rhinophyma  Potato nose
107. Rhinoscleroma  Hard woody nose
 Russel bodies, Mikulicz cells
108. Antrochoanal polyp  Crescent sign/ Dot sign
109. Frontal mucocele  Egg shell crackling
110. Osteomyelitis of
frontal sinus
 Potts puffy tumor
111. Blow out # of orbit  Tear drop appearance
112. Nasal #  Pignose deformity
113. CSF rhinorrhea  Halo sign, target sign,reservoir sign, double ring
sign

5. 114. Adenoid cystic
carcinoma
 Swiss cheese pattern
115. Inverted papilloma of
Nose
 Schnederian papilloma/ Ringert’s tumor
116. Nasopharyngeal
Angiofibroma
 Holman Miller sign/ Antral sign on CT frog like
facies
117. Nasopharyngeal
Carcinoma
 Lhermitte's sign
118. Quinsy  Hot potato voice
119. Ludwig angina  Woody feel
120. Kawasaki disease  Strawberry tongue
121. Wegener's Gra
nulomatosis
 Strawberry gingiva
122. Zenker's diverticulum  Boyce sign
123. Laryngomalacia  Curled up, omega shaped
 Epiglottis
 Prominent arytenoids
 Floppy aryepiglottic fold
124. Acute epiglottitis  Thumb sign on X-ray, rising sun appearance
125. Phonesthesia  Key hole appearance (both transverse and
interarytenoid)
126. TB larynx  Pseudoedema of vocal cords
 Mamillated arytenoids (swollen)
 Turban epiglottis
 Mouse nibbled ulcers
OBSTETRICS
127. Chadwick's sign/  Bluish hue to the vestibule and
128. Jacquemier’s sign  anterior vaginalwall(Jack bluein titanic!)
129. Osiander’s sign  Pulsations in the lateral fornix (0 = P)
130. Palmer’s sign  Regular rhythmic contractions in uterus → 6 8
weeks
131. Piskacek's sign  Asymmetric growth occurs to the uterus in
initial stages of pregnancy due to thelateral
implantation of the blastocyst
132. Goodell sign  Marked softening of the cervix (good and soft)
133. Von F'ernwald's sign  Irregular softening and enlargement of the
uterine F'undus Five (5-8 weeks)
134. Hegar sign  An indication of pregnancy. Softening of the
lower parts of the uterus enables approxima-
tion of vaginal and abdominal fingers in
bimanual pelvic examination.
135. Ladin's sign  Softening in the mid line of the sterus anteriorly
at the junction of the uterus andcervix (6
weeks gestation)
136. McDonald sign  Flexible uterus =8 weeks (McDonalds = flexible

6. price)
137. Banana sign /Lemon
sign
 Ultrasound sign in open spina bifida. Shows
abnormal anterior curvature of cerebellum
due to the associated ArnoldChiari
malformation.
138. Blob sign  Mass is separate from the ovary
139. Bagel sign ( Tubal
r ing s ig n)
 Ectopic pregnancy → Ges tati onal s ac in
the adne xa with hyperechoic ring. (also
remember salpingitis isthmica nodosa)
140. Bishop's sign  Abdominal ectopic pregnancy
141. Interstitial line sign  Interstitial ectopic pregnancy
142. Danforth sign  Shoulder pain in ruptured ectopic
143. Bathroom sign  Blood in pouch of Douglas → in ruptured
ectopic
144. C u l l e n s i g n  B l u i s h d i s c o l o r a t i o n o f s ki n around
umbilicus. Seen in ruptured ectopic pregnancy
145. S t a l l w o r t h y ' s
s i g n
 P o s t e r i o r p l a c e n t a p r a e v i a →
Slowing of fetal heart rate on pressing
the head down into the pelvis and
prompt. Recovery on release of pressure.
146. K ustner's sign  S ign of placental separation. On
pushing the uterus upwards does not move
the cord with it (due to the separation)
147. S c h r o d e r ' s s ig n  P l ac e n t a l s e p a r a t i o n . U t e r u s rises
up when the separated placenta ispassed
downwards
148. Robe rt's s ign  E a r l i e s t s i g n o f i n t r a u t e r i ne f e t a l
death. X-ray shows presence of gas in the fetal
great vessels
149. S pa ldi ng s ign  S ig n of int ra ute rine fe tal de ath.
Overlapping of skull bones after fetal
death(USG)
150. B a l l s i g n  S i g n o f i n t r a u t e r i n e f e t a l
d e a t h . X-ray shows crumpled up spine
of the fetus
151. Double decidual sac
sign
 USG appearance of intrauterine gestational sac
152. T’ sign  USG sign seen in monochromic twins
153. USG sign seen in
monochromic twins
 U S G s i g n s e e n i n d i c h o r i o n i c
pregnancies. Due to the chorionic tissue in
between the two layers of the membrane
between the twins
154. Stuck twin sign  Seen in twin to twin transfusion syndrome.
Due to the severe oligohydramnios smaller
twin is held in a fixed position along the
uterine wall. This is called stuck twin sign.

7. DERMATOGY
155. Hunterianchancre  primarysyphilis
156. Ollendorfsign  secondarysyphilis
157. Motheatenalopecia  secondarysyphilis
158. Kassowitz law, Pseudoparalysis of
parrot, Moons molars, Cluttons
joints, sabre tibia
 Congenital syphilis
159. Esthiomene,Groovesign  LGV
160. Onycholysis,oil drop sign, sub unga I
hvperkeratosis,Pencil in cup deformity,
Munroe microabscesses, Candle
grease sign, Grattage test, Ingram
regimen
 Psoriasis
161. Wickhamsstriae,Civattebodies,Koebners
phenomenon,Bandinfiltrate,
Pterygium
 Lichen Planus
162. Christmasfirtree appearance,Herald
pattern,Cigarette paperlike scales,
Collarette of scales
 Pityriasis rosea
163. Dennie Morgan fold,Head light sign  Atopic dermatitis
164. Cradle crap  Infantileseborrheic dermatitis
165. Nikolsky sign, Asboe Hansen sign,
Row of tombstones, Chicken wire
appearance, Fish net appearance
 Pemphigus Vulgaris
166. Dermatitis Herpetiforrnis  Duhrings disease
167. Orentriech sign (Tonsure alopecia)  Trichotillomania
168. Pluckedchicken skin appearance,
Angioid streaks
 Psudoxanthoma elasticurn
169. Casalsnecklace,Cravat  Pellagra
170. LesarTrelatsign  Seborrhoeickeratosis
171. Nevus of O'ta  O’cular
172. Nevus of I'to  I'ntercostal
173. Strokebite,Angelskiss  Salmonpatch
174. Pautriers micro abscesses,
Epidermotropism
 Mycosis fungoides
175. Crowd sign, Patrick Yesudian sign  Neurofibromatosis
176. Shagreen patches, Angiomyolipoma,
Periungal fibroma (Koenen tumors),
Ash leaf macules
 Tuberous sclerosis