Explain the operation of the command line interface
Execute fundamental commands from the command line interface
Manipulate files and folders from the command line
How does the Command Line Work?
2. 2
Lecture Objectives
Explain the operation of the command line
interface
Execute fundamental commands from the
command line interface
Manipulate files and folders from the
command line
3. 3
How does the Command Line Work?
Similar to Instant Message conversation with
computer
The prompt indicates that the computer is
ready to receive a command
Command is typed and ENTER is pressed
PC executes command
Prompt is displayed, indicating that the
computer is waiting for the next command
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4. 4
Accessing the Command Line
Run dialog box
Start menu under Programs | Accessories
– Win 9x/Me link is named MS-DOS prompt
– Win NT, 2000, XP link is called Command Prompt
To close command line interface
– Type Exit at command line and press enter
– Close the window
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5. 5
Command Prompt
VERY IMPORTANT:
The command prompt is always focused on a specific
folder.
Any commands executed are performed on the files in the
folder on which the prompt is focused.
Examples: C:> root directory of C: drive
C:DiplomaAPLUS>
You must focus the prompt on the drive and folder where
you want to work
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6. 6
Filenames and File Formats
In Windows, each program and piece of
data is stored as an individual file
Each file has a name, stored with the file
on the drive
Names have 2 parts: filename and
extension
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7. 7
Eight-dot-Three naming system
File name cannot be more that 8 chrs
Extension can be up to 3 chrs, OPTIONAL
Following chrs cannot be used in
filename or extension:
– / [ ] | = + ; , * ? And division symbol
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8. 8
Windows naming rules
All versions starting with Win 9x are not
limited be 8.3
Filenames up to 255 chrs
Win 9x has backward compatibility with
DOS by creating 2 names for every file,
8.3 name and a long file name if
necessary
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9. 9
File extensions
Describes the type or function of the file
COM = command, EXE = executable
Anything that is not a program is a data file used
by a program
Extension of a data file indicates which program
uses that data file
.DOC = MSWord, .PPT = PowerPoint
Graphic file extensions represent the graphic
standard used to create the image
.JPEG =Joint Photographic Experts Group
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10. 10
File Formats
All files stored on hard drive in binary format
Every program is unique in the way it reads and
writes this binary data
Each unique way of binary organization is known
as a file format
One program cannot read another programs files
unless it can convert the other programs format
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11. 11
Drives and Folders
To execute commands from the command
line, must focus the prompt at the specific
drive and folder that contains the files or
program with which you want to work
At boot, Win assigns letters to drives and
drive partitions
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12. 12
Hierarchical Directory Tree
All files are put in groups called folders
Any file not in a folder within the tree is
said to be in the root directory
A folder inside another folder is called a
subfolder
Any folder can have multiple subfolders
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13. 13
Hierarchical Directory Tree
Hard drive is represented by C:
Root directory is indicated by , C:
Subdirectories/Subfolders are indicated
by adding and the directory name
Exact location of a file is known as its
PATH
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14. 14
Fundamental Commands
ALL commands use similar structure and
execute in the same way
Name of command , target of command
followed by any switches (extra numbers
or letters at the end)
Typing the command followed /? Displays
help menu describing syntax and
possible switches
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15. 15
CD Command (Directories)
Change focus of command prompt to a
different directory
CD followed by directory name
If directory does not exist, error message
– Invalid Directory
– The system cannot find the path specified
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16. 16
Create Folder
To make a directory or Create new folder
To make a directory called folder name
under root directory: C:>MD folder name
, press ENTER
If command is successfully executed, the
command prompt will be displayed
Use DIR to verify that directory was
created
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17. Create Files
Create file using this command just type
copy con and file name. extension for eg
copy con kamran.txt
type text you want to insert in a file for eg
Welcome to gdec
after you write your desire text then press
Ctrl +Z
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18. 18
Delete Files
Use DEL command
Careful! No recycle bin.
Erased file can only be recovered using
Norton Unerase
DEL kamran.txt
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19. Rename File
ren command is used to rename of file
For eg type ren filename . extension and
then type name that you want. Extension
ren kamran.txt sohaib.txt
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20. Delete Folder/ Directories
rmdir command use to delete Folder/
If you want to remove all file in folder then
you type rmdir folder name s
S stand for sub directories
rmdir lahore
If all file remove from folder then type
rmdir lahores
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21. Hide Folder / File
attrib +h then Folder / File name then press
enter
For eg attrib +h gdec then press enter
Then gdec folder are hidden no body can
view this folder
attrib +h gdec
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22. UnHide Folder / File
attrib -h then Folder / File name then press
enter
For eg attrib -h gdec then press enter
Then gdec folder unhide on your screen
every body can view this folder
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24. Check Window Expire Date
slmgr.vbs –xpr is used to check window
expire date
Then pop up message appear then all
details are given about window expire
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25. Outside from Folder/ Directories
You can change Directories path for eg if you
are working in folder you want to comeback
in desktop then type
cd..
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26. Change Color of Cmd Text
You can change the text color of cmd just
type color L and then press enter
Then list of all color numbering is display you
just pick the desire color number
Color 2 then all text in green color
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