Labor Day became a holiday after the Industrial Revolution to celebrate laborers who fought for fair pay and safe work conditions. The Industrial Revolution led to factories replacing home work, but factories often had long hours, unsafe conditions, child labor, and low pay. Workers organized labor unions to demand better treatment, helping establish workplace safety standards and weekends. Labor Day commemorates these efforts to improve conditions for American workers.

2. labor = work

7. Labor Day is an American holiday.
Why do Americans celebrate Labor Day?

8. Labor Day is an American holiday.
Why do Americans celebrate Labor Day?
1. Labor Day became a holiday after the
Industrial Revolution.

9. Labor Day is an American holiday.
Why do Americans celebrate Labor Day?
1. Labor Day became a holiday after the
Industrial Revolution.
2. Labor Day celebrates laborers who fought for
fair paychecks and safe workplaces.

10. Part I. The Industrial Revolution

13. For thousands of years,
men and women worked
in their homes and farms.

15. Beginning in the 1800s,
work changed. Men and
women worked in factories.

16. The change from working at home

17. The change from working at home to working in a
factory

18. The change from working at home to working in a
factory is called the Industrial Revolution.

19. The change from working at home to working in a
factory is called the Industrial Revolution.

20. The change from working at home to working in a
factory is called the Industrial Revolution.
CHANGE

21. The change from working at home to working in a
factory is called the Industrial Revolution.
CHANGE
Big businesses
and factories

23. For thousands of years, men
and women worked at home caring for
plants and animals for food.

24. For thousands of years, men
and women worked at home caring for
plants and animals for food. They cared for
plants and animals for making
clothes, too.

25. The first factories in America made clothes.

26. The first factories in America made clothes.

27. The first factories in America made clothes.
This factory was in
Lowell, Massachusetts.

28. Before, there were no stores.

29. Before, there were no stores.
People made their clothes.

30. Before, there were no stores.
People made their clothes.
If you needed a new shirt, you must wait many months.

31. For making clothes:

32. For making clothes: 1. cotton

33. For making clothes: 2. flax

34. For making clothes: 2. flax

35. For making clothes: 2. flax

36. For making clothes: 3. wool

37. For making clothes: 3. wool

38. For making clothes: 3. wool

39. For making clothes: 3. wool

40. How did people change wool, cotton or flax into clothes?

41. Spinning Wheel
How did people change wool, cotton or flax into clothes?

42. Spinning Wheel

43. Spinning Wheel

44. Spinning Wheel

45. Spinning Wheel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ex1Atx1tQPk
(Go to 1:10)

50. Everyone had a spinning wheel
in their house.

51. Everyone had a spinning wheel
in their house. You spin the wheel with
foot power.

57. holds cotton or wool.

58. holds cotton or wool.

59. holds cotton or wool.
holds thread

60. holds cotton or wool.
holds thread

62. Ball of Yarn

63. How did people change balls of yarn into clothes?

67. Everybody did not have a loom.
Only some people had looms.
Weavers make cloth on looms.

72. 1. Plant the cotton.
2. Pick the cotton.
3. Clean the cotton.
4. Spin the cotton.
5. Dye the cotton.
6. Weave the cotton on a loom.
7. Sew a dress.
8. Get the dress

73. There are no stores.
Our mom makes everything.
I asked for this dress last year.
1. Plant the cotton.
2. Pick the cotton.
3. Clean the cotton.
4. Spin the cotton.
5. Dye the cotton.
6. Weave the cotton on a loom.
7. Sew a dress.
8. Get the dress

74. Inventor James Hargreaves

75. Inventor James Hargreaves

76. Inventor James Hargreaves

77. Inventor James Hargreaves

79. Inventor James Hargreaves
The First Machine for Making Cloth:
The Spinning Jenny

80. Inventor James Hargreaves
The First Machine for Making Cloth:
The Spinning Jenny
• James Hargreaves invented it in 1764.
•It was faster than the home spinning
wheel.
•It made 16 sixteen balls of thread.
•Powered by water, then steam engine.

82. America's first factories were big buildings making lots of yarn.

88. In my house, I could make one
or two balls of yarn every day.

89. Factories made things much faster.

90. Factories made things much faster.

91. Factory workers made hundreds of balls of yarn
every day.

92. Factory workers made lots of cloth on machine looms.

95. I cannot earn money
working at home.

96. I cannot earn money
working at home.
We must move to the city
and find jobs at the factory.

98. Rich people built more and more factories.
Poor people left their farms.
They moved to cities for factory jobs.

99. Rich people built more and more factories.
Poor people left their farms.
They moved to cities for factory jobs.
Many factories opened in Philadelphia.
Some made clothes and rugs (textiles.)
Philadelphia had many different kinds of factories.

100. Rich people built more and more factories.
Poor people left their farms.
They moved to cities for factory jobs.
Many factories opened in Philadelphia.
Some made clothes and rugs (textiles.)
Philadelphia had many different kinds of factories.
Thousands of people earned money at these five
famous Philadelphia factories.

101. 1. John Bromley and Sons was a factory on Lehigh
Avenue.

102. 1. John Bromley and Sons was a factory on Lehigh
Avenue. They made carpets.

106. 2. The Stetson Hat Company made hats. Their
cowboy hats were popular all over USA.

108. Famous cowboy star Buffalo Bill
Cody, wore cowboy hats made in a
Philadelphia factory.

109. John B. Stetson started the factory
that made famous Stetson cowboy
hats.

110. The Stetson Factory was the world's largest hat manufactory. Sitting on
five acres at the corner of 3rd and Montgomery Streets, it employed
more than 5,400 men and women in the early 1900s.

113. Textiles

114. Textiles are anything made from yarn (clothes, rugs,
hats, tablecloths).
Philadelphia had many textile factories.

115. Textiles are anything made from yarn (clothes, rugs,
hats, tablecloths).
Philadelphia had many textile factories.
There were other other kinds of factories, too.

117. 3. The Baldwin Locomotive Works was a big factory
near City Hall in Philadelphia. Workers built trains.

122. Midvale Steel, 1879
4. Midvale Steel made metal in North Philadelphia.
Other factories used the metal to make trains and
weapons.

124. Midvale Steel, 1879

126. 5. Radios were a popular invention. The Atwater
Kent Company in North Philadelphia was the largest
radio factory in USA.

131. Many factory workers earned good paychecks.
If you had a factory job, you could buy things factories
made. Workers bought rugs, clothes, radios and other
things in big department stores.
Wanamaker's was a famous Philadelphia store.

132. Inside Wanamaker's Department Store.
(It has a new name, Macy's.)

133. The Good and the Bad of the Industrial Revolution

134. The Industrial Revolution was a big change.

135. The Industrial Revolution was a big change.
Many of the changes were good!

136. The Industrial Revolution was a big change.
Many of the changes were good!
• Factories made things people wanted quickly and cheaply.

137. The Industrial Revolution was a big change.
Many of the changes were good!
• Factories made things people wanted quickly and cheaply.
• Cities grew. People left their farms and moved to cities.

138. The Industrial Revolution was a big change.
Many of the changes were good!
• Factories made things people wanted quickly and cheaply.
• Cities grew. People left their farms and moved to cities.
• Many factories paid workers good salaries.

139. The Industrial Revolution was a big change.
Many of the changes were good!
• Factories made things people wanted quickly and cheaply.
• Cities grew. People left their farms and moved to cities.
• Many factories paid workers good salaries.
• People could buy things in stores.

140. The Industrial Revolution was a big change.
Many of the changes were good!
• Factories made things people wanted quickly and cheaply.
• Cities grew. People left their farms and moved to cities.
• Many factories paid workers good salaries.
• People could buy things in stores.
• Factories made helpful inventions: better transportation,
electric lights, improved medicine.

141. The Industrial Revolution was a big change.
Many of the changes were good!
• Factories made things people wanted quickly and cheaply.
• Cities grew. People left their farms and moved to cities.
• Many factories paid workers good salaries.
• People could buy things in stores.
• Factories made helpful inventions: better transportation,
electric lights, improved medicine.

142. The Industrial Revolution was a big change.
But other changes made life terrible!

143. Part II. The Labor Movement

144. The Industrial Revolution was a big change.
But other changes made life terrible! The bad parts
of the Industrial Revolution made workers protest.

149. The Industrial Revolution was a big change.
But other changes made life terrible! The bad parts
of the Industrial Revolution made workers protest.
• Factories created terrible air pollution and water
pollution. People became sick.

151. The Industrial Revolution was a big change.
But other changes made life terrible! The bad parts
of the Industrial Revolution made workers protest.
• Factories created terrible air pollution and water
pollution. People became sick.
• People worked 12 hours every day, 6 days each
week, with few breaks.

152. What do these workers want? (Read their sign.)

153. The Industrial Revolution was a big change.
But other changes made life terrible! The bad parts
of the Industrial Revolution made workers protest.
• Factories created terrible air pollution and water
pollution. People became sick.
• People worked 12 hours every day, 6 days each
week, with few breaks.
• Many bosses did not pay enough money. Women
and African Americans earned less than white men.
Other bosses refused to hire African Americans.

154. What do these workers want? (Read their sign.)

156. We could not get
factory jobs until
the 1940s

157. The Industrial Revolution was a big change.
But other changes made life terrible! The bad parts
of the Industrial Revolution made workers protest.
• Factories created terrible air pollution and water
pollution. People became sick.
• People worked 12 hours every day, 6 days each
week, with few breaks.
• Many bosses did not pay enough money. Women
and African Americans earned less than white men.
Other bosses refused to hire African Americans
• Factory work was dangerous. Many people were
badly hurt or died.

158. Many people worked in dangerous places.

159. Some bosses did not want to pay extra money for safety.

160. Some bosses did not want to pay extra money for safety.

161. Sometimes, dangerous jobs killed workers..

162. Sometimes, dangerous jobs killed workers..

164. These women died in a factory fire. Their boss thought
workers wasted time eating lunch or going to the bathroom,
so he locked the factory doors. When a fire started, they
could not escape.

165. The Industrial Revolution was a big change.
But other changes made life terrible! The bad parts
of the Industrial Revolution made workers protest.
• Factories created terrible air pollution and water
pollution. People became sick.
• People worked 12 hours every day, 6 days each
week, with few breaks.
• Many bosses did not pay enough money. Women
and African Americans earned less than white men.
Other bosses refused to hire African Americans.
Factory work was dangerous. Many people were
badly hurt or died.
• Cities were too crowded. Disease spread quickly.

166. During the Industrial Revolution, cities were crowded.
Too many people lived near other. Disease spread easily.

167. During the Industrial Revolution, cities were crowded.
Too many people lived near other. Disease spread easily.

168. The Industrial Revolution was a big change.
But other changes made life terrible! The bad parts
of the Industrial Revolution made workers protest.
• Factories created terrible air pollution and water
pollution. People became sick.
• People worked 12 hours every day, 6 days each
week, with few breaks.
• Many bosses did not pay enough money. Women
and African Americans earned less than white men.
Other bosses refused to hire African Americans
• Factories work was dangerous. Many people were
badly hurt or died.
• Cities were too crowded. Disease spread quickly.
• Bosses hired child workers.

170. I am four years old.
My family is poor, so I can't go to school.
I must earn money cleaning chimneys.

171. During the Industrial Revolution, bosses were permitted
to hire children.

172. During the Industrial Revolution, bosses were permitted
to hire children. Children worked hard but earned less
money than adults.

173. During the Industrial Revolution, bosses were permitted
to hire children. Children worked hard but earned less
money than adults. Many children did dangerous work.

174. During the Industrial Revolution, bosses were permitted
to hire children. Children worked hard but earned less
money than adults. Many children did dangerous work.

175. During the Industrial Revolution, bosses were permitted
to hire children. Children worked hard but earned less
money than adults. Many children did dangerous work.

176. During the Industrial Revolution, bosses were permitted
to hire children. Children worked hard but earned less
money than adults. Many children did dangerous work.

177. During the Industrial Revolution, bosses were permitted
to hire children. Children worked hard but earned less
money than adults. Many children did dangerous work.

178. During the Industrial Revolution, bosses were permitted
to hire children. Children worked hard but earned less
money than adults. Many children did dangerous work.

179. During the Industrial Revolution, many children were
terribly injured at work. Some children died.

180. During the Industrial Revolution, many children were
terribly injured at work. Some children died.

181. The Industrial Revolution was a big change.
But other changes made life terrible! The bad parts
of the Industrial Revolution made workers protest.
• Terrible air pollution and water pollution from
factories made people sick.
• People worked 12 hours every day, 6 days each
week, with few breaks.
• Many bosses did not pay enough money. Women
and African Americans earned less than white men.
Other bosses refused to hire African Americans.
• Factory work was dangerous. Many people were
badly hurt or died.
• Cities were too crowded. Disease spread quickly.
• Bosses hired child workers.

182. Workers helped each other in groups

183. Workers helped each other in groups called labor unions

184. Workers helped each other in groups called labor unions
worker

185. Workers helped each other in groups called labor unions
groups
worker

186. Workers helped each other in groups called labor unions
to improve their jobs.
groups
worker

187. Workers helped each other in groups called labor unions.
Our paychecks are too
small! Our work hours
are too long!
Workers helped each other in groups called labor unions.

188. Workers helped each other in groups called labor unions.
Our jobs are dangerous!
What can we do?
Our paychecks are too
small! Our work hours
are too long!
Workers helped each other in groups called labor unions.

189. Workers helped each other in groups called labor unions.

191. We will strike!
We refuse to work until the
boss increases our pay and
makes our jobs safe!

198. Labor Union LeaderBoss

199. Labor Union LeaderBoss
We like to work.
Make our jobs safe. Pay us fairly.
We must work only 5 days and have breaks.
Say yes, we will stop the strike.

200. Labor Union LeaderBoss
We like to work.
Make our jobs safe. Pay us fairly.
We must work only 5 days and have breaks.
Say yes, we will stop the strike.
OK.
I will pay you
more money.

201. Labor Unions

202. Labor Unions
Labor Unions
gave Americans work
safety rules.

203. Labor Unions
Labor Unions
gave Americans work
safety rules.
Labor Unions gave
us 2-day weekends.

204. Labor Unions
Labor Unions
gave Americans work
safety rules.
Labor Unions gave
us 2-day weekends.
Labor Unions gave
Americans rules for
fair paychecks.

205. Labor Unions
Labor Unions
gave Americans work
safety rules.
Labor Unions gave
us 2-day weekends.
Labor Unions gave
Americans rules for
fair paychecks.
Happy Labor Day!