The document summarizes key inventions and industrial developments during the Industrial Revolution, including: - The first Industrial Revolution began in England in the late 18th century and involved replacing hand tools with factory machines. - Important early inventions included the spinning jenny, power loom for weaving cloth, and the factory system which consolidated many workers under one roof. - Francis Cabot Lowell established cotton mills in Massachusetts that mainly employed young unmarried women, known as the "Lowell girls." - Eli Whitney introduced interchangeable parts for manufacturing firearms and invented the cotton gin, which expanded cotton production and slavery. - Other important inventions were Robert Fulton's steamboat, Samuel Morse's tele

1. Early Industry and Inventions
Chap.11
Standard 8.6.2
We will list and name the
important inventions & discoveries
during the Industrial Revolution

2. Industrial Revolution
• The first Industrial Revolution began in
England in the late 18th century.
• An industrial revolution is when hand tools
are replaced by factory machines, and
farming is replaced by large-scale
manufacturing.
• An example is the making of clothes
(textiles)

3. CFU ?
• Where did the Industrial Revolution begin ?
• Come up with a definition for “revolution”
with your partner?

4. Spinning Jenny and Power Loom
• Before the Industrial
Revolution, clothes
were made at home.
• After the Indust.
Revolution, clothes
were made by
machines in
factories.
• Often these
machines were run
by children.

5. Factory System
• The factory system had many workers
under one roof working at machines.
• Many people left farms and moved to
the city to work in factories. They
wanted the money that factories paid.
• This change was not always for the better.

6. The Rhode Island System
• The mill industry filled jobs by hiring whole
families, and paying children low wages.
• Built housing for workers and provided a
company store
• Samuel Slater’s strategy of hiring families
and dividing factory work into simple
tasks was called the Rhode Island system.

7. CFU ?
• What changes did the “Factory System
bring to daily life during the Industrial Age?
• __________________________________
__________________________________

8. Factories Come to New England
• New England was a
good place to have a
factory.
• Factories needed
water power, and
New England had
many fast-moving
rivers.

9. CFU ?
• WHY WAS the North and The New
England region a good place to have
factories ?
• _________________________________

11. The Lowell Mills Hire Women
• In (1813 ) Francis Cabot Lowell built a factory
in eastern Massachusetts, near the Concord
River.
• The factory spun cotton into yarn and wove the
cotton into cloth.
• The Lowell Factories hired mainly young un-
married women.
• The “Lowell girls” lived in company-owned
boardinghouses.
• The girls worked over 12 hours a day !

12. CFU ?
• What was different about the Lowell Mills ?
• * Answer: The Lowell Mills hired primarily
young _____________to perform factory
labor.

13. The Lowell Girls
• Young women came to
Lowell in spite of the
noise.
• They came for the good
wages: between two and
four dollars a week.
• The girls usually only
worked for a few years
until they married.

14. Summary
• Explain in detail how the contributions
of Francis Cabot Lowell & Samuel
Slater affected manufacturing in the
United States.
• __________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

15. Interchangeable Parts
• The first use of interchangeable parts was created
by inventor Eli Whitney.
• Before this time, guns were made one at a time.
Each gun was different.
• If a part broke, a new part had to be created.
• Whitney created muskets with exactly the same
parts, so any part would fit any gun.
• The use of interchangeable parts “sped” up
production, made repairs easier, and allowed the
use of lower-paid, less skilled workers.

16. Steamboat
• Robert Fulton designed a
steamboat that could move
against the current of a river
or against the wind.
• This created more
opportunities for trade &
transportation on rivers.
• The Clermont- (1807) was
the first commercial
steamboat in the U.S

17. CFU ?
• What was the name of the first full sized
commercial steamboat in the U.S ?
• ________________.

18. CFU ? – Partner Pair Share
• What does the term “Commercial” refer
to ?
__________________________________
__________________________________

19. The Telegraph
• The telegraph was
invented by Samuel
Morse (1832).
• This machine sent long and
short pulses of electricity
along a wire.
• It took only seconds to
communicate with another
city.
• The invention of the
steamboat and telegraph
brought the people of the
nation closer to each other.

20. John Deere and the plow
• In 1836, John Deere
invented a lightweight
plow with a steel
cutting edge.
• Deere’s plow made
preparing the ground
for planting much less
work.

21. Cyrus McCormick and the
reaper
• Cyrus McCormick
invented a
mechanical reaper,
cut grain from the
fields.
• This allowed farmers to
plant much more seed
because they could
harvest it easier.

22. The Threshing Machine
• The threshing
machine separated
the kernels of wheat
from the husks,
which was a far
faster way of getting
wheat than picking it
by hand.
• The threshing
machine increased
the growing of
wheat.

23. New Technologies help nation grow
• With new farm equipment, Midwestern
farmers grew food to feed Northeastern
factory workers.
• Midwestern farmers became a market for
Northeastern manufactured goods.
• The growth of the textile factories
increased the demand for Southern
cotton.
• This led to the expansion of slavery.

24. The cotton gin
• Inventor Eli Whitney
also invented the cotton
gin.
• The gin took the seeds
out of the cotton, which
was much faster than
doing it by hand.
• The cotton gin also
greatly expanded the
need for slaves.

25. CFU ? - Partner Pair Share-
Writing Summary
A.) How did Eli
Whitney “influence”
American
manufacturing ?
_________________
_________________
___________
B.) How did the
invention of the
Cotton Gin
contribute to the
expansion of
slavery?
_________________
_____________

26. Section Discussion Questions
p. 351 #1-3 a&b
1a) What was the first industry to begin to use
machines to manufacture goods?
1b) In what ways might life for workers change as
a result of the Industrial Revolution?
2a) In what part of the U.S were most mills
located? Why was this ?

27. Section Discussion Questions
p. 351 #1-3 a&b
2b) How did the ideas of Samuel Slater and Eli
Whitney affect manufacturing in the U.S ?
3a) What event encouraged the growth of
American manufacturing? Why?
3b) Why was manufacturing in Great Britain in
the early years more successful than that in the
U.S ?

28. Transportation Revolution
• The 1800s gave rise to Transportation
Revolution: period of rapid growth in new
means of transportation
• This created boom in business by reducing
shipping costs and time
• Two new forms of transportation were
steamboat and steam-powered trains

29. Steamboat & Steam
locomotive

30. The impact of “Railroads”
• Steam-powered trains had been developed
in Great Britain, but it took 30 years for the
idea to catch on in the United States.
• Peter Cooper raced his “Tom Thumb”
locomotive against a horse in 1830, proving
its power and speed despite losing because
of a breakdown near the end of the race.

31. The impact of Railroads
• About 30,000 miles
of railroads linked
American cities by
1860.
• The U.S. economy
surged as railroads
moved goods
cheaply to distant
markets.