This is about hardware and networking

1. HARDWARE &NETWORKING

2. Introduction
A computer is a combination of two terms Hardware
and GFF Software. The physical components of a
computer are called hardware. Pieces of hardware may
be categorized according to the functions each
performs: input, process, output, and storage. Your PC
(Personal Computer) is a system, consisting of many
components. Some of those components, like Windows
XP, and all your other programs, are software. Software
is the source of interaction between the user and the
computer

3. Computer Hardware
• Input Devices
• Output Devices
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Memory or Storage
• Motherboard

4. Input Devices
Input devices are hardware equipment that receive
data and instructions from users, convert the data and
instructions into a form that can be processed by the
computer and passes the same to the computer.
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Trackball
 Light Pen
 Touch Screen etc..

5. Output Devices
Once data are processed, output devices
translate the language of bits into a form
humans can understand
Monitors
Video Controller
PC Projector
Printer
Speakers etc.

6. Central Processing Unit
• Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the main component or
“brain” of a computer, which performs all the processing of
input data
• Its function is to fetch, examine and then execute the
instructions stored in the main memory of a computer
The CPU consists of the following distinct parts:
 Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
 Control Unit (CU)
 Registers
 Buses
 Clock

7. Central Processing Unit

8. Memory or Storage
Primary memory (especially RAM) stores the data,
instructions and information temporarily during
processing by CPU. When the computer is switched off,
this memory gets erased. How does a computer store
the data, information and software permanently, so
that they can be retrieved whenever required?
Certainly, there must be some storage devices in the
computer. Now, we will discuss about different Storage
Devices, sometimes also called as Secondary Memory
Devices.

9. Common storage devices

10. Capacity of a memory device is measured
The storage capacity of a memory device is measured
in the following units:
• 1 Nibble = 4 bits
• 1 Byte = 8 bits
• 1 Kilobyte (KB) = 1024 Bytes (210)
• 1 Megabyte (MB) = 1024 KB
• 1 Gigabyte (GB) = 1024 MB
• 1 Terabyte (TB) = 1024 GB

11. Storage Devices
Magnetic Storage Devices
• Floppy disks
• Hard disks
• Magnetic tapes
• Zip disks:
Optical Storage Devices
• CD-ROM
• DVD-ROM
• CD-Recordable
• CD-Rewritable
• Photo CD

12. Network System
The worldwide system of computer networks
is the Internet, a network of networks. Via the
Internet, computers on the network can
access other computers on the network. The
Internet allows data to be moved from one
computer to another

13. Types of Networks
Computer networks are of three types:
1. Local area networks (LAN)
2. Metropolitan area networks ( MAN)
3. Wide area networks (WAN)

14. Local Area Network (LAN)
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a group of computers and
associated devices that share a common communications
line or wireless link and share the resources of a single
processor or server within a small geographic area usually
within an office building.

15. Wide Area Network (WAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN) is a telecommunication network
which covers a large geographical area, and uses
communications circuits to connect the intermediate
nodes. A wide area network spans a wide geographical area
such as a state or country.

16. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is one of a number of
types of networks. A MAN is a relatively new class of network;
it serves a role similar to an ISP, but for corporate users with
large LANs. It is a network that interconnects users with
computer resources in a geographical area larger than that
covered by even a large local area network (LAN) but smaller
than the area covered by a wide area network (WAN)

17. Thank u