Roundworms (also known as nematodes or ascarids) are parasites that live freely in the intestine, feeding off partially digested intestinal contents. Their name is derived from their tubular or ‘round’ shape. Roundworms are the most common gastrointestinal worm found in dogs and can also be transmitted to people. Infected dogs shed the microscopic roundworm eggs in their feces. Other dogs may become infected by sniffing or licking infected feces. Roundworm eggs can also be spread by other animals such as rodents, earthworms, cockroaches, and birds. In these animals, the roundworms are merely transported, and do not mature into adults; if a dog eats one of these animals, the roundworm is able to continue its life cycle. In the dog, the roundworm undergoes a complicated life cycle before mature roundworms are found in the intestinal tract. This involves several stages and includes migration through various bodily tissues. Immature worms (larvae) can migrate and become enclosed in a cyst in the tissue of the host's body. This is important in the female dog because these encysted larvae will start to develop during pregnancy and ultimately cross the placenta into an unborn puppy. Puppies can be born with roundworms and can pass fertile eggs from adult worms in their stools by the time they are approximately eleven days old. Roundworm larvae may also enter the mother's mammary glands and be passed to the puppies through the milk. Dogs are usually affected by roundworms as puppies. Roundworms are of most concern to puppies. The most common consequence of roundworms is stunted growth. Since roundworms eat partially digested food in the intestinal tract, they will rob the growing puppy of vital nutrients if present in large numbers. Roundworms can complete their life cycle in immature dogs, but as the puppy’s immune system matures (usually by six months of age), the larval stages of the roundworm will become enclosed in a cyst in the puppy’s muscles. They can remain encysted in the dog’s tissues for months or years. Roundworm larvae swallowed by adult dogs usually encysts in the dog's tissues with very few maturing into adults in the bowel of the dog. As a result, very few eggs are passed in the stool leading to difficulty in diagnosis and treatment. In an intact female dog, encysted larvae can resume development after estrus (heat), and she can shed eggs in the stool at that time. With dogs that have been spayed, the development of a roundworm infection may indicate that there is an underlying immune system disease that has allowed the encysted larvae to complete their life cycle. In puppies, clinical signs of roundworm infection include stunted growth, a pot-bellied appearance, and recurrent diarrhea. A definitive diagnosis is made by microscopic examination of the dog's feces (fecal flotation). Adult roundworms can sometimes be observed in a dog’s feces or vomit. Treatment is simple and effective. There are many safe and effective preparations .

1. Presented by
Dr. Subhrajit das

2. INTRODUCTION
Enlargement
of abdomen
with
presence of
adult worm
in vomitus
and faeces.
Toxocara
canis
Commonly
occur in
puppies under
6 month age.
Toxocara
leonina
Zoonotic
importance

3. Adult
Adult worm lay
egg in SI
Larvae are transmitted
across placenta
Egg passes in
faeces
Eggs ingested by
transport host
Egg in faeces in
the environment
Transport host
ingested by pet
Larvae remain in
cyst until pregnancy
puppy
Eggs ingested
by pet

4. Cont.. Dog pickup
eggs from
surroundings
Larvae hatch
from eggs in gut
penetrates the
intestinal wall
depending upon age
& immunity.
Enter into the
blood vessels &
carried to
various organ
In young
animal larvae
often travel to
liver & lung
Trachea &
coughed up
swallowed &
settle in
intestine
Devoloped as
mature egg
laying Adult.
Worm egg invisible
to naked eye
excreted in faeces
& act as a source
of infection
Encapsulated
in muscle
Pregnancy
they
reactivated by
hormones
uterus &
infect unborn
puppies

5. SYMPTOMS:
 Most adults show no signs other than worms and eggs in
faeces, vomition.
 Young can show signs that include
noisy breathing,
cough,
nasal discharges,
vomiting,
diarrhea,
stunted growth rate,
distended abdomen (pot-bellied appearance),
pale mucus membranes (eg gums)

6. SIGNALMENTS :
CASE NO-14838
DATE: 25/05/2019
ADDRESS: Agartala.
 SPECIES: Canine
 BREED: Local
 SEX: Male
 AGE: 2 years
 BODY WEIGHT:10.5kg

7. ANAMNESIS:
Severe Diarrhoea
Inappetence
Weakness & Unable to walk
Worm found with vomition.
Not dewormed properly.

8. CLINICAL OBSERVATION:
 Temp-102.4 degree F
 STT->2
 Diarrhoea .
 Worm found with vomit.
 Unable to walk.
worm

9. DIAGNOSIS :
 The dog was diagnosed with Roundworm
Infestation.

10. TOXOCARA EGGS

11. TREATMENT:
Rx
1. Inj. DNS- 500ml x1
Sig. Inject 100 ml i/v daily for 3 days.
2. Inj. RL– 500ml x 1
Sig. Inject 5oml i/v for 3days
3. Inj. Aciloc-2ml X 2 amp
Sig. Inject 1ml i/v x 3 days
4.Inj.zofer -2ml i/v x 2 amp
Sig. Inject 1ml i/v x 3 days
5.Syp.Kiwof puppy-1
Sig.2 tsf orally.

12. At the time of the treatment

14. PREVENTION & CONTROL:
 Deworm both young and adult animal routinely.
 Remove and destroy all voided faeces(pooper-
scooping).
 Do not allow nursing bitches to lick childrens faeces
and hands.

15. Conclusion:
Endoparasitic infection in farm animal has important
welfare implication and can lead to economic loss ,but in
companion animal public health issues are also involved so
primarily we should maintained regular deworming
schedule of animal & also the hygiene.

16. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT :
 Dr. kajoli sarkar.
 My batchmates

17. THANK YOU