2. 2
Split Personality
Abstract
Personal view for split personality from nature versus nurture as DID is conflict in identity for
lack of conviction in some situations that is not well understood for shifting to unconscious mind
or due to lack of nurture for ego or identity that make split personality controversial for mental
illness, and also it is extremely rare to have split personality. Because, the human nature for
adaptation is by nurture, and the notion that there is good and bad in all of us, split personality
can be from hypnosis to change behavior. The personality at work for professionalism or for
performance is different from personality at home for loving and caring. A person can be
malicious and harsh at work, and sweet and mellow at home. Going beyond the pick for action
create irrational behavior because there is no connection between nerve impulse and the brain.
Once a brain form a reaction or respond to an event it stop until another impulse for action is
generated to retrieve event in the memory or create a new action. The uses of hallucinogen drugs
disconnect the physiology of the central nervous for split personality.
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Split Personality
Fiction Book: The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson
Background
A respected Dr. Henry Jekyll is convinced that all men have two personalities lurking
within them to concoct a drug to separate one man into two personalities and tests it on himself
for crossing the threshold to transform to Mr. Hyde. Dr. Jekyll, a good and kind man becomes
Mr. Hyde as an evil that viciously trampling and killing people under the influence of medicine
or drug reference in the book as ‘potion’ that produce symptoms such as aggression,
impulsiveness or hallucination for changing to Mr. Hyde to id evil for split personality.
Introduction
Personality disorder such as split personality character by behavior disorder is not a
mental illness to categorize for deficit in character for development. Personality composes of
nature and nurture to break personality disorder from biological process to suggest split
personality is Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) because personality is id for ego.
Split personality becomes abnormal with history of drug use to maintain one over the
other is the transition to mental illness for schizophrenia. In the fiction book for the change case
of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in which the drug or medicine is reference as “potion” for
transformation, is the action of the drug for action potential in the neurophysiologic for thought
process.
The history of drug use is associated with changing somebody to behave in certain way
to perform beyond the expectation to alter the limitation of neurophysiology for action potential
and thought process in the central nervous system or CNS. Going beyond the expectation cannot
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Split Personality
coexist with the neuropsychophysiology. In other to go beyond the limit the nervous system
generates cognitive impairment to crave for drug and without the drug, the person develop
psychosis for cognitive or thought disorder for dissociated personality that manifested as mental
disorder for two distinct and relative behaviors that alternate to control a person’s behavior for
action potential and for fictitious action to perform.
Action Potential
Action Potential is a process of on and off, once an action is form it stop knowing as the
peak to registered event in the memory as a behavior for identify a recognize event. To generate
an action is the ability of the neurons to receive and transmit stimuli from the environment to the
brain. Action potential from the environment send signal to the dendrite to cell body to axon, the
dendrite and axons known as the nerve fibers process the stimuli to recognize event generate
impulse to brain to analyze information for action to event. Once an action is produce it stop
know as the peak.
In the brain, the action is forward to the memory for retrieval if the event happens again
is the behavior. Using drug to keep the action going beyond forming and stop is the one of the
cause for split personality because is no longer working for exhibiting a different behavior such
as from high to crash for normal to abnormal. For action potential, you are normal, for going
beyond; you are erratic. Using the drug to go beyond, maintain the erratic behavior, the long use
of drug to keep the erratic behavior change the brain to accept the erratic as the part of the
personality with addiction to drug from still having the normal/genetic or biological process for
action potential.
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Split Personality
Drugs block the action potential in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and disrupt the
connection between the nerves and the brain causing hallucination, phobia, impulsiveness,
depression, addiction, and suicidal urges. Split personality is when a person can no longer
function without using drugs to stimulate these symptoms associated with the CNS. The use of
the drug cause isolation to ensures that he is alone before stimulating the alternative behavior.
Under the influence of potion, Dr. Jekyll changes to Mr. Hyde to create uncontrollable
impulsiveness, hallucination, phobia, depression, a need for addiction, and suicidal thoughts.
Use of Drug
Drug addiction is the damage of the nerve and the brain for syndrome of split personality
disorder for disconnecting the brain function from the nerve. The biological or the neurodynamic
for logical quality of the brain function is when a person is more likely to solve problems or
handle situations in a trial-and-error fashion is the correlation of the nerve and brain, the CNS for
assessing mental processes for equilibrium, which is the connection of nerve and brain for
exchanging information.
Impression and physiology of hallucinogenic drug such as LSD is that they can cause
subjective changes in perception, thought, emotion and consciousness to separate nerves from
the brain to function on impulsive and retain basic trait for nurture. In the case of nature versus
nurture, the environment, such as living arrangement and parenting are the stressors for
experimenting with drug.
However, the use of drug alter mind and could influence personality to create symptoms
such as loss of thought, incoherence, confuse, fantasizing being in a different world or a different
person. According to Charles Ophardt (2003), Hallucinogenic drugs “also called psychomimetic
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Split Personality
agents, are capable of producing sensory illusions and bizarre thoughts. The primary effect of
these compounds is to consistently alter thought and sensory perceptions. Some of these drugs
are used in medicine to produce psychoses to investigate the relationship of mind, brain, and
biochemistry with the purpose of elucidating mental diseases such as schizophrenia.”
Split Personality as schizophrenia
The cause for Dr. Jekyll to use drug is combination of desire and the influence of the
environment. The desire to be a doctor and a scientist who do research influence him to
experiment with drug. In the lab where Dr. Jekyll prepares drug provide the opportunity for him
to use the drug, under the influence of the drug; Dr. Jekyll becomes disorganized, incoherence,
impulsive, hallucinating with hearing voices to being delusional for being Mr. Hyde. The
symptoms of Dr. Jekyll under the influence are similar symptoms for schizophrenia. Although,
some schizophrenic could be genetic from early childhood but mostly the onset for schizophrenic
is early adulthood for associating some causes for schizophrenia with substance abuse such as
alcohol, or drug use such as cocaine. The concise Medical Dictionary Oxford University (2010)
defines schizophrenia “is a mental disorder characterized by problems with thought processes
and by poor emotional responses”. Symptoms identified as common in schizophrenia for split
personality include paranoia, hearing voices, daydreaming and fantasizing of being a hero and in
different place for disorganized thinking.
To diagnose split personality or schizophrenia require having multiply symptoms and
neurological exam, and brain scan in addition to patient reported experience and observed
behavior.
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Split Personality
Brief Neuropsychological Cognitive Assessment
The Neuropsychological Cognitive assessment is a brief examination to create a
cognitive profile and follow-up for individuals over 18 years and older according to Tonkology
(2002), “The BNCE that stand for Brief Neuropsychological Cognitive Examination provides a
general cognitive profile that can be used for screening, diagnosis or follow-up using the method
of interview.
composed of 10 subtests, five of which help measure the patient’s ability to process
conventional, frequently used information, while the other five subtests measure the
patient’s ability to process new or incomplete information.
The instrument has been found especially useful in evaluating patients suffering from
*sequelae of head injury, stroke, encephalitis, primary degenerative disorders, seizure
disorders, schizophrenia, mood disorders, and alcohol and drug abuse.
*sequelae are series of pathological condition resulting from a disease, injury,
therapy and other trauma. Sequela is a medical language for a chronic condition
that is a complication of an acute condition between initial condition and the
appearance of the late effect.
However, the indication is to create a profile of syndrome/pattern for split personality in
neurological physiology to identifying behavior in “DSM-IV” such as, constant worry, depress
and craving for drug. According to Trull & Prinstein (2013), Neuropsychological assessment was
the “notion of brain functioning” to imply the nature of behavior for deficit depends on function
of the Nervous System for arousal, perception or planning behavior” (p.515-516).
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Split Personality
Initial Visit
Patient Name: Dr. Jekyll Hyde DOB: 11/11/1985 Status: Single. BP: 86/110, Pulse: 78,
Temperature: 98.
Observable behavior: agitation interchange with calmness, fidgeting, guarding and sighing for
vocalization including facial expression with frowning, shying, and occasional close eyes for
sadness. When asked patient with precipitating factor for outburst of anger, patient indicates
sometime is because she does not know what she wants to do. When asked for aggravating factor
for what patient consider for restful night. Patient responds or answers with going to bed without
anger and anger keeps her awake sometimes. When ask for alleviating factor, patient responds
with having a cool drink and in some occasional took sleeping pill to fall asleep.
Diagnostic Testing for Dr. Jekyll Hyde
Diagnostic approach for split personality includes measuring subjective/symptoms with
Inkblot test and measuring objective/signs with Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
(MMPI) or MMPI-2. Although, MMPI-2 is criticized for bias, such as, “lack of trust in our social
institutions and the concerns of minorities.” In addition, for not consider the things that could
account for inconsistency in the scores of psychiatric patient to indicate the revision for MMPI-2
was unnecessary. (Trull & Prinstein, 2013, p.231)
Patient is asked to circle behavior as “Often (Of)” for id/ego, and “Occasionally (Oc)” for
influence. Dissociative (D) is for the split to disconnect awareness to unconscious mind for using
drug, hypnosis, or meditation.
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Split Personality
Patient Reported Experience
Name:
Dr. Jekyll Hyde
DOB:
11/11/1985
Marital Status:
Single
Chief Complaint:
Outburst of anger and feeling of
becoming somebody else, use
drug
Behavior
category
Symptoms Patient
answered Often
(of) or
Occasionally
(oc)
Causes
Awareness for ID “personality”
OR
Unconscious for Dissociative
Identity Disorder/split
personality
Impulsive Impatient with others
Interrupt others
Acts & speaks without
thinking
oc
oc
oc
influence-DID
influence-DID
influence-DID
Worries Constant fear oc Influence-DID
Drug use Yes/meth Of Use for behavior/addiction
Hallucination Having nightmares,
envision changing to
somebody else for behavior
of Mr. Hyde
oc
of
Influence -DID for unconscious
behavior
Stress Sometimes in certain
situation
of Influence-DID
Social problem Disagreement, fighting, and
killing
of
of
Influence-DID
*Note Raised by mom and step
dad
Identify for problem in nature
vs. nurture for drug use
Evaluation To find the causes for split
personality as unconscious
events
oc/of Directed by unconscious
cognitive events.
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Split Personality
Clinical MMPI/Objective Examination
Patient Name: Dr. Jekyll Hyde DOB: 11/11/1985 Marital Status: Single. CC angry, outburst
of anger for no reasons, feeling of changing to somebody else and confused. Blood Pressure:
84/110, Pulse: 78, Temperature: 98 Referral: Brain Scan
Objective/Observable behavior: agitation, forgetfulness, fidgeting, guarding, fear of changing
to Mr. Hyde with facial expression for confuse, wonder, frown, and sudden outburst of anger for
no reason, and occasionally expressing sadness, and asking for potion or drug.
Name:
Dr. Jekyll Hyde
DOB:
11/11/1965
Classification of
disorder
Diagnosis Model
Clinical Scale Answer DSM-IV Axis II
Impulsiveness Sometimes and depending on
a situation
Aggressive
Present for
occasional
outburst
Hallucination Constant nightmares and
observed delusion such as
confused facial expression
and having to retreat or draw
back to the present.
Present
Paranoid Fearful, mistrust, obsessed
with worry about changing to
somebody else and observed
mood change
present Identified for
personality disorder e. g.
borderline and split
Suicidal depression Present: problem
related to social
situation
Identified for antisocial
Psychopathic
Deviate
Impulsive, emotional, drug
use
Present Split personality
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Split Personality
Interpretation
Interpretation, brain scan indicated abnormal and damage, the MMPI measure multifacts
symptoms in correlation to drug addiction are hallucination, paranoia, psychopathic deviation
and suicidal for turmoil and mood change for Mr. Hyde are interpreted as syndrome for shifting
identity to Mr. Hyde. The split personality is defense mechanisms for irresponsibility to
challenges associate with crime and the use of drug for avoiding reality. According to Vance &
Volsky (1962), “psychotherapy is a process "implemented by interview techniques which seeks
to alter the client's receptor or response system in such a way that healthy behavior will occur in
situations where unhealthy behavior has been typical." Psychiatric profile for split personality
for Dr. Jekyll Hyde in AXIS I are, anxiety disorder 300.00, mood disorder 296.5x in conjunction
with bipolar behavior, adjustment 309.00 and 309.24 for depressed mood and anxiety disorder,
alcohol abuse 305.00, substance abuse 305.00 and other such as schizophrenia, differentiated for
split personality.
Intervention
Split personality for using drugs is addiction for life. In the case of Dr. Jekyll, the drug
addiction is Mr. Hyde from not able to turn back to Dr. Jekyll.
The drug have disconnects the physiology of the sensory nervous system block action
potential from relating to the brain to analyze event to form a pattern for behavior for not feeling
guilty or remorseful. The notion that there is good and bad in all of us, and each one of us has a
history of experience for pleasantness or unpleasant to propose that all of us learned and
motivated within to explain behavior for self-actualization apply to cognitive and humanistic
approach will not be effective in split personality. Self-actualization according to Nevid (2007)
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Split Personality
“involves discovering all of our unique abilities and putting them to the best use.” In addition,
humanistic approaches “emphasize the importance of self in personality” for interpreting a
situation for favorable outcome to keep the characteristic of desirable outcome in a situation for
personality. (p.289)
However, whether frequent use of drug creates that create addiction is a high risk for
changing personality is unclear, according to Jeffrey S. Nevid (2007), “most perceptive on
personality is the assumption that personality is stable across the times and situations despite
situational factors for variation” (p. 289). Nevertheless, a damage to nerve and brain whether by
drug or not is impossible for any psychotherapy to indicate insanity for loss ability for any
logical thought.
Prognosis
There is no good prognosis for split personality from drug addiction due to damage to
nerve and brain damage. According to Sigmund Freud, psychoanalytic theory of the id in
personality structure indicates that id is “the driven to satisfy its desire regardless of the needs or
condition of the rest of the social world” (Nevid, 2007, p.292). Split personality, as
schizophrenia is a major cause for drug addiction with ongoing relapse increase the chance for
suicidal according to Whitman et.al (1991) suggest, “Diagnosis and treatment offer the best
prognosis.” Split personality from drug addiction is hard to cure and rehabilitation offers the best
possibility management.
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Split Personality
Conclusion
Split personality for schizophrenia due to drug use damage nerve and brain for no cure
with cognitive or behavioral therapy to modify personality. Split personality as defense
mechanism for drug addiction has less chance for therapy. In the case of Dr. Jekyll is the failure
of not able to operate both personalities without the use of drug to defend his past with crime for
killing Mr. Hyde to commit suicide.
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Split Personality
Reference
Ophardt, Charles E. (2003). Hallucinogenic Drugs. Virtual Chembook Elmhurst College.
http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/672hallucin.html
“Schizophrenia" Concise Medical Dictionary. Oxford University Press, 2010
Tonkology, J. J. (2002). Review of 'The Brief Neuropsychological Cognitive Examination
(BNCE)'. Applied Neuropsychology, 9(4), 246-248
Trull, Timothy J. & Prinstein, Mitchell J. (2013). Clinical Psychology. Eighth Edition.
Wadsworth Cengage Learning
Vance, F. L., & Volsky Jr, T. C. (1962). Counseling and psychotherapy: Split personality or
siamese twins?. American Psychologist, 17(8), 565.
Whitman, B. Y., & Munkel, W. (1991). Multiple Personality Disorder: A Risk Indicator,
Diagnostic Marker and Psychiatric Outcome for Severe Child Abuse. Clinical Pediatrics,
30(7), 24-428.
