3. Meaning of Cold War
At the end of the Second World War,
relations between the USA and the USSR
deteriorated, especially at Potsdam (July
1945). These two powers were rivals and
the tension is called the Cold War. In
Europe there was a little bloodshed but
outside Europe there was more
traditional warfare. (Korea, Cuba,
Vietnam)
6. • On June 1945, the United States, the Soviet
Union, and 48 other countries created the
United Nations (UN)
• The UN promised to try and save future
countries from war.
• The UN created a large body called the
General Assembly which was a meeting of
all of the members with a voting system.
• The Security Council had most of the power
in the UN.
• It had 11 members to settle disputes and
investigate
• The Security council had 5 permanent
members (Britain, China, France, the United
States, and the Soviet Union.
• A veto from any Security council member
could cancel the action to prevent
overriding votes.
The UN still exists
today
7. • The United States and the Soviet Union split right after WWII
• The United States suffered 400,000 deaths, but the Soviet Union
suffered 50 times more than that.
• Theses caused different goals in the two countries which later
leads to war.
Table from the
Modern World
History: Patterns of
Interaction
textbook, page 476
8. • Soviets gained countries
to buffer from enemies
• Soviets gained Albania,
Bulgaria, Hungary,
Czechoslovakia,
Romania, Poland, and
Yugoslavia
9. • Europe was divided into
two. (Communist and non-
communist)
• Germany was split into 2
• The division became
known as “iron curtain”
(FULTON SPEECH 1946)
10. • On 1945, president
Roosevelt died and
Harry Truman
replaced him.
• Truman tried to push
Stalin into letting
Eastern Europeans
vote
Harry Truman
11. • Growing Soviet’s threat in
Eastern Europe
• USSR (Union of Soviet Social
Republics) were empire-
building
• President Truman confirmed a
foreign policy called
CONTAINMENT: Stop
the growing of
communism
12. • Terrible conditions after war
• 1947, U.S. Secretary of State
George Marshall suggested aid
to any European countries ->
The Marshall Plan
• $ 12.5 billion plan
• Arguments
• Communists spread to
Czechoslovakia
• Succeeded in Western Europe
and Yugoslavia
13.
14. • Stalin refused to let his satellites receive
any aid.
• Stalin set up COMINFORM (September 1947)
to control the economies in the Eastern bloc;
he said it was only a news agency.
• To strengthen the USSR’s hold in Eastern
Europe, the only none-Communist country,
Czechoslovakia, was taken over in February
1948.
15.
16.
17.
18. THE BERLIN BLOCKADE 1948-49
• CAUSES: Cold War,
different aims, Bizonia,
Marshall plan, new
currency.
• Stalin hoped the
blockade would force
allies of West Berlin.
24. Truman believed that, if one country fell to
Communism, then other would follow,
like a line of dominoes.
““Domino Theory”Domino Theory”
(Truman)(Truman)
25. The Korean War: A “PoliceThe Korean War: A “Police
Action” (1950-1953)Action” (1950-1953)
Syngman RheeSyngman Rhee
Kim Il-SungKim Il-Sung
26. Source B
Asia is where the communist conspirators
have decided to make their play for global
conquest.
If we lose this war, the fall of Europe is
inevitable.
There is no choice but victory.
The US General MacArthur, speaking in
1950.
27.
28.
29. KRUSHCHEV 1953-64
“Thaw” in the Cold War
• Met Western leaders.
• “Different roads to
communism”
• “De-stalinise” Russia
• “PEACEFUL CO-
EXISTENCE”
30. KRUSHCHEV 1953-64
• Far reforms = RED
ARMY
• Peaceful co-existence
= PEACEFUL
COMPETITION
Economic Aid
(Afghanistan, Burma)
SPACE RACE
ARMS RACE
WARSAW PACT
35. The Hungarian Uprising 1956The Hungarian Uprising 1956
CAUSES
• Poverty
• Russian control
• Catholic church
banned
• Help from the West
• Destalinisation
EVENTS
• NAGY Prime
Minister =reforms
Democracy, freedom
of speech and
religion
Leave Warsaw pact
and become neutral
• SOVIET INVASION
November 1956
36. The Hungarian Uprising 1956The Hungarian Uprising 1956
• Deaths, executions
(Nagy) and refugees.
• USA containment
=not interfer in
already communist
country.
• Britain&France=Suez
• Uneasy peace in
Eastern Europe
• Blow the reputation
of UN to stop an act
of agression
(Russia’s veto)
37. We are quiet, not afraid. Send the news
to the world and say it should condemn
the Russians. The fighting is very close
now and we haven’t enough guns. What is
the United Nations doing?
Give us a little help. We will hold to our
last drop of blood. The tanks are firing
now…
A telex from a newspaper journalist from Hungary
38. U-2 Spy Incident (1960)U-2 Spy Incident (1960)
Col. Francis GaryCol. Francis Gary
Powers’ plane wasPowers’ plane was
shot down over Sovietshot down over Soviet
airspace.airspace.
40. Kennedy president 1960
Let every nation know that we
shall pay any price, bear and
burden, meet any hardship,
support any friend, oppose any
foe, for the survival and success
of freedom. Now the trumpet
calls again . . . against the
enemies of man: tyranny, poverty,
disease and war. Ask not what
your country can do for you: ask
what you can do for your country.
Inaugural speech of President
Kennedy, 1961.
41. Paris, 1961Paris, 1961
Khrushchev & JFK meet to discuss Berlin andKhrushchev & JFK meet to discuss Berlin and
nuclear proliferation. Khrushchev thinks thatnuclear proliferation. Khrushchev thinks that
JFK is young, inexperienced, and can be rolled.JFK is young, inexperienced, and can be rolled.
43. Ich bin einIch bin ein
Berliner!Berliner!
(1963)(1963)
President KennedyPresident Kennedy
tells Berlinerstells Berliners
that the West isthat the West is
with them!with them!
44. The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961)The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961)
CheckpointCheckpoint
CharlieCharlie
50. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
We went eyeball-to-eyeball with theWe went eyeball-to-eyeball with the
Russians, and the other man blinked!Russians, and the other man blinked!
53. Vietnam 1965-73
• 1954 French decided to
pull out.
• 1959 Revolution
encouraged from the
North.
• 1965-1973 war (Vietcong
vs USA= guerrilla
warfare)
54.
55. The general killed the Viet Cong;
I killed the general with my camera.
Still photographs are the most powerful weapon in the world.
People believe them;
but photographs do lie, even without manipulation.
They are only half-truths. … What the photograph didn’t say was,
‘What would you do if you were the general at that time and place
on that hot day, and you caught the so-called bad guy after
he blew away one, two or three American people?’ [...]
He was fighting our war, not their war, our war, and …
all the blame is on this guy.”
56. ““Prague Spring” (1968)Prague Spring” (1968)
Former Czech President,Former Czech President,
Alexander DubčekAlexander Dubček
Communism with a human face!Communism with a human face!
57. ““Prague Spring” Dashed!Prague Spring” Dashed!
Dissidents/playwrights arrested [likeDissidents/playwrights arrested [like
Vaclav HavelVaclav Havel—future president of a free—future president of a free
Czech RepublicCzech Republic].].
Editor's Notes
Now, the world was walking towards the Cold War. I’ll talk more about this later on. Historians during that time blamed the Soviets for causing the Cold War. They thought that the USSR (Union of Soviet Social Republics) were empire-building. As you can see in this picture, Stalin is going forward conquering each government, and it’s saying that they’re even considering France and Sweden. These countries were controlled from Moscow and they had no freedom. So United States wouldn’t be just watching every country being conquered by communism, right? So they, of course, fought back. President Truman confirms a foreign policy called containment. And their goal was to stop the growing of communism. And here are 3 things how U.S. fought back.
