An independent clause expresses a complete thought and contains a subject and predicate, such as "The waves crashed onto the sandy shore." A dependent clause does not express a complete thought on its own as it is missing a subject or predicate, like "Even when I'm sick" or "When you have finished working." Dependent clauses often begin with words like "even," "when," "whenever," "wherever," "since," "as," "before," and "after."

2. An independent clause expresses a complete
thought. It has a subject-verb component ( subject
&predicate)
The waves crashed onto the sandy shore.
The secret of life is honesty.
I love you.
She did her homework fast.

3. A dependent clause doesn’t express a complete
thought. It is missing the subject-verb component (
subject &predicate)
Even when I’m sick
When you have finished working
Whenever you like
Wherever we prefer
Since I returned from vacation
As she was not there
Since you always do well
Before entering high school
After I return