Lectures Presentations

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Gymnastics
Physical
Education
Ms. Mylene B. Cagalpin

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SLIDESMANIA.COM
Table of Contents.
01- History of
Gymnastics
02 – Great
Contributors in the
Development of
Gymnastics
04 -Systematic
Form o Physical
Exercise
05 – Five Components
of Fitness in
Gymnastics
03 –Objectives of
Gymnastics
06 – Phases of
Gymnastics
Program

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The word stems from the Greek word gymnos, or “naked,”—
appropriate, since the youths trained in the nude, performing
floor exercises, lifting weights, and racing one another.
Gymnastics combine physical skills, such as body control,
coordination, flexibility, and strength with tumbling and in an
artistic manner.
This activity is performed by both men and woman at all
levels, from local clubs and universities to elite competitions
such as the Olympics.

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Great Contributors in the Development of Gymnastics
Johann Basedow (1722-
1790)
-Introduced gymnastics into
the program of instruction in
the school.

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Johann Guts Muths
(1759-1839)
-Great grandfather of
gymnastics and wrote the
first book “Gymnastics for
the Youth”.

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Pehr Ling (1776-1839)
-Invented the stall bars
and the vaulting box. He
was the first to
appreciate corrective
value of gymnastics.

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Freidrich Jahn (1778-
1852)
-Known as the father
of gymnastics and
started the Turverein
movement.

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Adolf Spiess (1810-
1858)
-Introduced
marching and
freehand exercises
with music.

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Franz Nechtegale
(1772-1847)
-Started the first
school for training
gymnastics
teachers.

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Dr. Dudley Sargeant
-The first American
contributors to
gymnastics.

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Francisca Reyes
Aquino
-Together with
Director Candido
Bartolome, they
started gymnastics
in the Philippines.

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1. Improve and maintain a physically fit body.
2. Improve efficiently of movement through
grace, poise, dignity, form and rhythm.
3. Improve social development like courage,
initiative, determination, and perseverance.
4. Correction of minor posture defects.
5. Stimulate enjoyment and interest in
gymnastics.

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― Irene M. Pepperberg
Systematic Form of
Physical Exercise

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Therapeutic or Remedial
Gymnastics
- is a series of selected exercises that helps
relieve physical discomfort or restore
function to disabled people

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Educational Gymnastics
- is a program that challenges
students to master tactics involving
strength, rhythm, flexibility, balance
and agility.

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Competitive Gymnastics
- consists of prescribed sets of events for
men and women, each of which is
scored separately in order to determine
the winner.

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5 Components of Fitness in Gymnastics
Body Composition
Body composition, a necessary fitness component of gymnastics, is the
association between fat, muscle and bone within the body.
Muscular Strength
Muscular strength, the maximum force exerted by a single muscle or muscle
group, plays a critical role in executing advanced gymnastics skills.
Muscular Endurance
Muscular endurance, the ability of a muscle to exert force repeatedly, acts as a critical
component during a gymnastics competition.
Cardiorespiratory Endurance
Cardiorespiratory endurance refers to the fitness component that enables the heart, blood
vessels and lungs to transport nutrients and oxygen to the gymnast’s working muscles
Flexibility
Another important component of fitness in gymnastics includes flexibility, the
ability to move a joint through a complete range of motion.

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Phases of Gymnastics
Program

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1. Conditioning Program
-the exercises are selected for the purpose of
preparing the body for more complicated
movement and skills. Exercises for warm-up can
also be selected in this phase.
2. Rhythmic Gymnastics
-routines or exercise accompanied with music
are called “rhythmic gymnastics”. They are so
called because they are performed in rhythmical
manner and the movements are flowing.

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7 Conditioning Exercises for Gymnasts
1. Back handsprings: This gymnastics exercise requires you to mobilize your core as you flip
backward, then use arm strength to land gracefully on your hands, and finally complete the
maneuver by flipping once more to land on your feet in one fluid motion.
2. Calf raises: Try this simple exercise when you want to exercise your lower body to improve your
calf strength.
3. Chin-ups: Similar to pull-ups, this gymnastics workout starts with you hanging from a steady bar
and lifting your chin up above it using just your arms.
4. Handstands: There are many different styles of handstands, all of which build a huge amount of
core and arm strength.
5. Leg lifts: Lie flat on your back to work out your hip flexors, glutes, and hamstrings with this
workout.
6. Lunges: Work out your quads and lower back by lunging forward on each of your legs.
7. Single-leg squats: Lift one leg above the ground and then squat down with the other.

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5 Examples of Gymnastics Conditioning Equipment
1. Balance beam: For strengthening core exercises,
the balance beam can be a valuable piece of
equipment.
2. Dumbbells: Use kettlebells and dumbbells to
build up the arm strength necessary to practice
your gymnastics skills.

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3. Parallel bars: Gymnastic events utilize parallel bars, so
you should incorporate them into your conditioning if
possible.
1.4. Pommel horse: A cornerstone of
competitive gymnastics, the pommel horse
can help you work out your core and arms.

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5. Trampoline: Using this bouncy surface can make your conditioning workout easier or harder, depending
on the exercise. It’s an ideal place to try out jump-heavy plyometrics exercises.

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2. RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS
In rhythmic gymnastics, there are five apparatus used for individual competition: rope, hoop,
ball, clubs, and ribbon.
The hoop must be made of wood or plastic, and its interior diameter must measure between 80
and 90 centimeters (2 feet, 7 1/2 inches and 2 feet, 11 1/2 inches). It must weigh at least 300
grams (10.6 ounces).
The hoop gives rhythmic gymnasts a whole
host of creative possibilities, being able to
use so many parts of their
bodies. Circles can be performed around
the arm, waist, neck, knees and feet. They
can also experiment
with throws and catches.

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The ribbon apparatus is a stick made of wood or synthetic
material, from the end of which extends a ribbon made of
satin or similar non-starched material. The maximum stick
diameter is 1 cm (.39 inches) and the stick length must be
between 50-60 cm (19.5-23.4 inches). The ribbon width is
between 4-6 cm (1.56-2.34 inches) and its length must be
at least 6 meters (19 feet, 8 inches). It weighs a maximum
of 35 g (a little more than one ounce
Ribbon gymnastics is a mesmerising spectacle,
with gymnasts creating beautiful shapes using a
six-metre-long satin ribbon.
Some popular moves include snakes, when
the ribbon forms a continuous S shape,
and spirals, where the ribbon moves in a
circular motion to create a tube-like shape
around or to the side of the gymnast.
In group performances, you’ll also see tosses,
which sees the ribbons thrown between the
gymnasts.

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CLUBS.
Gymnasts work with two clubs of equal length, 40 to
50 cm (about 16-20 inches), which resemble slender
bowling pins in shape. Made from wood or synthetic
material and weighing 150 g (5.3 ounces) each, the
clubs have a wide end (the body), a tapering middle
section (the neck), and usually a ball on the end (the
head).
Performances with clubs are fast and slick,
showcasing the gymnast’s agility and
accuracy, using their hands and wrists.
Core moves include circles, when the
clubs swing in the same direction,
and mills, when the clubs swing in
opposite directions.

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BALL.
The ball must be made of rubber or
soft plastic, with a diameter of 18-20
cm. It must weigh at least 400 g.
Rhythmic performances with a ball must be smooth, continuous and
flowing. Gymnasts must combine elite skill with total mastery of this tricky
apparatus. Olympic choreography will often include bounces, tosses,
catches and rolls – the latter of which can be performed on the ground
and on the gymnast’s body.

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3. Stunts
-are activities in the form of play and they test one’s
strength, flexibility, balance, agility, endurance and
coordination.
4. Tumbling
-this is the most important phase of gymnastics program,
because this is where the ability of the performer is tested as he
rolls to and fro; twists, turns and springs about on the mat,
floor and in the air.

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3. Gymnastics: Stunts
-Individual Stunts -Dual Stunts -Group Stunts
• Individual Stunts
- These are stunts performed by only one person.
1. Turk Stand
- In cross sitting position; arms in front of
the body clasping the elbow, stand
without breaking the hand clasp and the
leg cross. Do this several times.
2. Rocking
In tuck sitting position, roll on back until the
buttocks are up. Return to tuck sitting
position.
3. Prone Rocking
- Grasp the ankles in rear with the hands, arch back, and head up.
Rock forward and backward.
4. Ankle Hold Walk
- Hold the ankle with hands, legs relatively.
5. Coffee Grinder
- Form a side arm support, walk on feet to go around a
circle. Do this right and left

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6. Egg Roll or Tuck Roll Sideward
- From a tuck lying position, roll sideward without
breaking the tuck position.
7. Log Roll
- From a supine lying position, hands clasped
overhead, roll sideward right or left with the
body, arms and legs relatively straight.
8. Human Ball
- From a frog sitting position, hold the feet
so that the arms are between the knees. In
tuck position, roll on the right side continue
on the back to the left side and come up to
your original position.
9. Jump to Full Turn (Jumping Jack)
- From a half-knee bend, jump in air then at
the same time turn in air as the body is
suspended. End facing the same direction
10. Dog Walk
- In a four-base support, buttocks up, walk
alternately right, left with the hands and feet.
11. Lame Dog Walk
- Place hands in front on the floor, buttocks up and one
leg extended in air. Move both hands forward, then hop
supporting foot close to the hands. Repeat the
movement several times.

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12. Frog Kick
- From a squat position, hands on the floor in front of the knees,
push with the feet so that the buttocks are lifted in rear. The
weight of the body should be on the hands.
13. Frog Jump
- From a squat position, hands on the floor, jump forward
as far as you can; end in the squat position.
14. Inch Worm
- From a front arm support, walk on feet toward the hands with
the knee straight – 8 cts. Then walk with the hands forward – 8
cts. to front arm support.
15. Crab Walk
- From a bridge stand position, walk on hands and feet
alternately towards the head.

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5. Apparatus Exercise (Heavy)
-this includes exercises done on the balance beam, vaulting
horse, parallel bars, rings, and the trampoline.
6. Pyramid Building
-this phase of the program makes a picture(mural) out of
body static positions. The positions should be properly arranged
and selected so that they form the shape of a pyramid.

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Thank you!
Do you have any questions?

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Understanding the 5 Different Types of Gymnastics
#1 Artistic Gymnastics
Women’s Artistic Gymnastics (WAG): Consists of routines performed
on uneven bars, balance beams and floor exercises. WAG as it is
popularly known is practiced both in individual and team based events
and is one of the most beautiful expressions of form, flexibility and
strength there is.
Men’s Artistic Gymnastics (MAG): Differs significantly from WAG and
uses completely different apparatuses and techniques. Pommel horses,
still rings, parallel bars and high bars are prominently featured here in
both individual and team based events

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#2 Rhythmic Gymnastics
Rhythmic gymnastics is currently performed by women only. As the name suggests, it displays
graceful movements emphasizing flexibility and agility using hoops, balls, ropes and ribbons. RG is
broken into individual and team events and is usually practiced with music. The art form utilizes
elements of ballet, dance and apparatus manipulation to showcase dexterity, endurance and hand-
eye coordination.
#3 Trampoline Gymnastics (TRG)
While trampoline training is an integral part of any gymnastics program, it has branched off into it’s
own discipline and was formally inducted into the Olympic games in 2000. TRG utilizes high-flying
maneuvers with jumps, somersaults and twists in fast moving routines to create a truly stunning
spectacle. TRG is divided into individual, synchronized and double-mini events.

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#4 Power Tumbling
Power Tumbling takes trampoline training to new heights and adds elements of artistic gymnastics to
trampolining. Here, competitors make two passes on a 25 meter track, each time displaying a set of
eight skills. Power tumbling requires tremendous spatial awareness, strength and coordination to be
performed properly.
#5 Acrobatic Gymnastics
Acrobatic gymnastics is hands down the most stunning displays of strength and coordination in
gymnastics! No equipment is used here. Teams of 2-4 gymnasts perform three types of
acrobatic moves - balance routines that emphasizes strength, dynamic routines with throws,
catches and somersaults and finally a combined routine that uses elements of both.

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