Tall Towers as Catalysts for Social Interaction

Experimental 18 | Architectural Association | 2019-2020
MIX UP:
Tall Towers as Catalysts for Social Interaction

Tutors:
Viviana Muscettola
Melodie Leung
Nhan Vo
Students:
Angelina Kiryukhina
Brian Chung
Damian Kam
Diana Dulina
Elliot Watt
Jihyun Choi
Margherita Canali
Pierre Zebouni
Sofya Zhuravleva
Sung Ho Choi
Vian Rasool
Zeena Ismail
A special thank you to the following
individuals for generously sharing their
time and knowledge with us:
Alvin Huang
Ana Araujo
Chris Caroll
Faaiza Lalji
Jack Newton
James Khamsi
Javier Quintara de Una
Leonora Lang
Marco Vanucci
Patrik Schumacher
Paul Edwards
Peter Murray
Steve Watts
Vince Ugarow
MIX UP:

MIX UP:
Experimental 18 explores the interrelationship between tall towers
and the creation of places for social interaction and production. The
unit consists of second and third year students at the Architectural
Association.
The design of tall towers has been shaped and governed over time
by a matrix of civic agendas, financial and physical forces resulting
in a differentiated skyline reflecting greater and more intensified
urban density while remaining isolated and limited in connectivity. In
an era of increasingly limited natural resources, how can vertically
arranged physical spaces be responsibly informed by and encourage
contemporary forms of social communication? Can towers maintain the
connective qualities and scale of a village community with the energy of
an active and global metropolis?
The unit began by collectively researching existing tower typologies:
examples of residential, commercial and mixed use towers in various
cities around the world. The framework for the analysis and design
of towers centres on the interrelated systems of STRUCTURE,
ENCLOSURE, and MOVEMENT.
With this understanding, an alternative set of programs was investigated
as sites with the potential to be arranged vertically. Projects were located
within the City of London, with the design for areas of connectivity to
include attention to the ground condition, underground and above
ground amenities, and the possibilities and challenges afforded by
vertical atria, nested public and private spaces and a mixed program. The
results were critically assessed against existing models of performance,
function and efficiency.
Each student developed their design proposal as a synthesis of the
existing tower typology enfolded with the alternative vertically arranged
programs as a process of exploration to understand if the architecture
of tall buildings can provide improved human and community scaled
hubs to work, live, and socialize.

MIX UP:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Case Study: CCTV (OMA)
Case Study: de Rotterdam (OMA)
Case Study: Linked Hybrid (Steven Holl Architects)
Case Study: Shanghai Tower (Gensler)
Margherita Canali: Grow-Rise
Damian Kam: Fashion Highwalk
Jihyun Choi: BUSINESSing NET
Diana Dulina: A-HUB
Sofya Zhuravlev: CoWork, CoLearn, CoCreate
Brian Chung: The Digital Zoo
Elliot Watt: Startup Accelerator
Pierre Zebouni: Elevated Sanctuary
Sungho Choi: The Garden City
Angelina Kiryukhina: Last Mile Delivery Centre
Vian Rasool: Museum for the Senses

Exp 18 Mix-up: Tall Towers
CCTV
OMA
Elliot Watt
Margherita Canali
Vian Rasool
Case study

Movement and Enclosure
C C T V H e a d q u a r t e r s - B e i j i n g , C h i n a
O M A
2 0 0 2 2 0 1 2
C o m p e t i t i o n w o n b y O M A
C C T V i s a m o n g t h e f i r s t o f 3 0 0 n e w
t o w e r s i n t h e n e w B e i j i n g C B D
C o m p l e t i o n
A r c h i t e c t
O w n e r a n d M a n a g m e n t
S t r u c t u r a l E n g i n e e r
M a i n C o n t r a c t o r
O f f i c e f o r M e t r o p o l i t a n A r c h i t e c t u r e
C h i n a M e d i a G r o u p
O v e A r u p & P a r t n e r s
C h i n a S t a t e C o n s t r u c t i o n a n d E n g i n e e r i n g C o r p o r a t i o n
C o s t s
To t a l F l o o r A r e a
H e i g h t
8 5 0 m E U R O
4 7 3 0 0 0 s q m
2 3 4 m
m o d e r n m e t h o d s a s g u i d e l i n e s t o a c h i e v e s e t p e r f o r m a n c e o b j e c t i v e s a t d i f f e r e n t l e v e l s o f s e i s -
m i c e v e n t s . C h e c k s e x p l i c i t a n d q u a n t i t a t i v e d e s i g n w e r e m a d e u s i n g l i n e a r a n d n o n l i n e a r s e i s m i c
a n a l y s i s a l l o w e d t o v e r i f y c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h e t h r e e l e v e l s o f s e i s m i c d e s i g n r e q u i r e d b y t h e a u -
t h o r i t i e s .
B a s i c Q u a l i t y Ta r g e t s
- N o s t r u c t u r a l d a m a g e w h e n s u b j e c t e d t o a n e a r t h q u a k e o f l e v e l 1 w i t h a n a v e r a g e r e t u r n p e r i o d
o f 5 0 y e a r s .
- R e p a i r s t r u c t u r a l d a m a g e w h e n s u b j e c t e d t o a n e a r t h q u a k e o f l e v e l 2 b y r e t u r n p e r i o d o f 4 7 5
y e a r s .
- A c c e p t e d b u t f o r e c a s t s e v e r e s t r u c t u r a l d a m a g e c o l l a p s e w h e n t h e b u i l d i n g i s s u b j e c t e d t o a n
e a r t h q u a k e o f l e v e l 3 , f o r a n a v e r a g e r e t u r n p e r i o d o f 2 5 0 0 y e a r s .
I n t h e p l a c e w h e r e C C T V r i s e , v a l u e s h o r i z o n t a l g r o u n d a c c e l e r a t i o n a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e t h r e e
l e v e l s o f d e s i g n e a r t h q u a k e s a r e 7 . 2 0 a n d 4 0 % r e s p e c t i v e l y o f g r a v i t y . T h e s t r u c t u r e w a s a c h a l -
l e n g e f o r e n g i n e e r s . T h e y h a d t o d e s i g n a c o n s t r u c t i o n p l a n f o r t w o t o w e r s s u p p o r t e d i n 6 0 ° t o
9 0 ° b e n d i n i t s t o p a n d b o t t o m , t o m e e t , f o r m i n g a c o n t i n u o u s l o o p . T h e t o w e r s w e r e b u i l t i n t h e
o p p o s i t e d i a g o n a l c o r n e r s w i t h a f o o t p r i n t o f 1 6 0 x 1 6 0 m e t e r s , o n a b a s e o f 4 5 m i n h e i g h t a n d 9
f l o o r s , c o n n e c t e d b y a p o d i u m i n a ‘ L’. I n i t s u p p e r p a r t w e r e c o - j o i n e d b y a b r i d g e t o ‘ L’ p a r a l l e l
t o t h e p o d i u m . T h i n c o n c r e t e c o r e s i n s i d e t h e b u i l d i n g s u p p o r t i n t e r n a l f l o o r s . B a s e m e n t s w i t h 4
l e v e l s r e a c h i n g u p t o 1 8 m b e l o w g r o u n d .
T h e b u i l d i n g c o n s i s t s i n t w o t o w e r s o f d i f f e r e n t h e i g h t s l e a n i n g
t o w a r d s e a c h o t h e r o f a n a n g l e o f 6 d e g r e e , c o n n e c t e d b y a 7 5
m e t e r s c a n t i l e v e r .
T h e b u i l d i n g w a s c o n s t r u c t e d b y j o i n i n g t h r e e v o l u m e s c r e a t e d a
u n i q u e f i n a l v o l u m e . I n o r d e r n o t t o b l o c k t h e s t r u c t u r a l d i f f e r e n -
t i a l s t h i s c o n n e c t i o n w a s s c h e d u l e d t o t a k e p l a c e a t d a w n , w h e n
t h e s t e e l o f t h e t w i n t o w e r s w e r e c o o l e d a n d r a i s e d a n d m a n a g e d
t h e s a m e t e m p e r a t u r e .
R e m K h o o l a s
“ T h e b u i l d i n g c o u l d h a v e n e v e r b e e n c o n c e i v e d b y t h e C h i n e s e
a n d c o u l d
h a v e n e v e r b e e n b u i l t b y t h e E u r o p e a n s ”
Case study: CCTVExp 18 Mix-up: Tall Towers

Movement and Enclosure

Structure and Enclosure

Exp 18 Mix-up: Tall Towers 1
De Rotterdam
OMA
Angelina Kiryukhina
Damian Kam
Sungho Choi
Case study

URBANAXIS
PO
RT
CITY
DEVELOPMENT
‘KNOWLEDGEABLE’INDUSTRIES&WORKERS
R E S E A R C H
SITE HISTORY, DESIGN PROCESS, OWNERSHIP TRANSFERRAL
D A M I A N K A M , A N G E L I N A K I R Y U K H I N A , S C O T T C H O I
A R C H I T E C T U R A L A S S O C I A T I O N E X 1 8 , 2 0 1 9 - 2 0 2 0
METRO
Wilhelminaplein Station
Water Taxi
€ PER M2
€ PER M2
RESIDENTIAL SALE PRICE
2016 2019
2019
MAB seeked Deloitte for financial support, as there
weren’t enough investment. Deloitte proposed a
mono-functional tower design. However, Deloitte’s
design was not realised as they were not interested in
mix-used towers.
TOTAL COST: €340,000,000
INVESTMENT FROM MAB: €200,000,000
OWNERSHIP: 100% MAB
2004
MAB signed a contract with OVG to finacially support each other.
MAB owned 75% of the building, responsible for design and
construction; on the other hand,OVG owned 25% of the building,
responsible for governing commercial programmes.
TOTAL COST: €340,000,000
INVESTMENT FROM OVG: €75,000,000
OWNERSHIP: 75% MAB, 25% OVG
2006
OMA joined and proposed final design of the building
TOTAL COST: €375,000,000
OWNERSHIP: 75% MAB, 25% OVG
2007
AMVEST joined the investment, taking ownership of the residen-
tial tower.
TOTAL COST: €375,000,000
INVESTMENT FROM AMVEST: €100,000,0000
OWNERSHIP: 50% MAB, 25% OVG, 25% AMVEST
2009
Construction was completed. MAB has ceased to exist, and OVG
had been bought over by Rabobank. As such, the combined 75%
ownership had gone to Rabobank.
TOTAL COST: €375,000,000
INVESTMENT FROM RABOBANK: €275,000,000
INVESTMENT FROM AMVEST: €100,000,0000
OWNERSHIP: 75% RABOBANK, 25% AMVEST
2013
OFFICE RESIDENTIAL HOTEL PUBLIC
PROPOSE PROGRAMME AFTER
9/11
DOT.COM CRISIS
OMA JOINED
KOP VAN ZUID
KopVan Zuid is the restruction of the former dock-land as the city faced major urban development
in the 1980s, with its city centre extending across the river Maas to the South Bank.
Traditionally Rotterdam has been a predominant working class city, while the other three big
cities of the Randstad (Den Haag, Utrech and Amsterdam) have been seen as more attractive.
Although the port and city centre were rebuilt after the massive bomb damage during World War
II, the subsequent relocation of the docks left large areas of derelict land in the city and high
unemployment especially among unskilled workers. At the same time there was an exodus of
people to the growing suburbs and a large inflow of immigrants from former Dutch colonies and
elsewhere. The main strategy to tackle the issue has been focusing on both building on the
strength of its port and logistics sector and on diversifying the city’s economy and expanding its
facilities to make it an attractive location for ‘knowledge industries’ and for ‘knowledge workers’.
This means repositioning Rotterdam away,in part,from its traditional roots and attracting in new
people.
N
MUTUAL BENEFIT PROGRAMME
The low skill, uneducated immigrants who used to
work in the dock are not forced to leave the area, but
ratherwere encouraged to stay to assist new business-
es and new business ideas.
HOOGBOUWVIGIE
A high-rise building policy introduced in 1993, which
limit the building of high rise to be built only along
the urban axis. Also, for high rises which will drive
development of the city to be seen as part of the
skyline. This is also the reason why De Rotterdam has
to increase its height from 110m to 150m.
COASTLINE
THE HAGUE
€375,000,000
BUILDING COST
DE ROTTERDAM
€100,000,000
BUILDING COST
WORLD PORT CENTRE
€23,220,000
BUILDING COST
KPN TOREN TOWER
BUILDING FUNCTIONS STRUCTURAL MATERIAL
(BUILDINGS >150M HEIGHT)(BUILDINGS >150M HEIGHT)
83%
CONCRETE
17%
COMPOSITE
29%
OFFICE
43%
RESIDENTIAL
29%
MIXED-USE
RESIDENTIAL RENTAL PRICE
2016 2019
DE
ROTTERDAM
DE
ROTTERDAMMARKET MARKET
DE ROTTERDAM
MARKET $ $$$
DE ROTTERDAM
MARKET $ $$$
11
14
14.8
15.9
2680
3840
4600
3728
4353
5000
The above diagrams are visual impact diagrams which records building density in an area,while the columns represnts density,the colour of the columns represents the height of the building (the darker the blue is,the taller the building is.) !970,1992 and
2015 are used as reference time points,as 1970 was before any Urban Development took place; 1992 was the point when the first wave of high rises appear; 2015 was the midpoint of the second wave of high rise.These diagrams sho the rapid developemt
from a former dockyard to metropolis city.
HIGH-RISE VISIBILITY ASSESSMENT // 1:400,000
1970 1992 2015
THE CHANGING SKYLINE OF KOP VAN ZUIDSTRUCTURES WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO THE
DEVELOPEMENT
The Erasmusbrug Bridgwas built in 1986 to create a physical connection between the north and the south.This new suspen-
sion bridge is the symbol of the year 2000, where its ‘swan’ like form caught public imagination.
The cruise terminal is repurposed in 1997 to create a lively and attractive mixed used district. Other than retaining its original
programme of a cruise terminal, retail or other public use are incorporated on the ground floor perimeter to give an active
street frontage.
The Wilhelminaplein Station is built in 1999, joining the original metro line connecting Rotterdam Central to Zuidplein.
However, as the metro line expands, it creates connections to everywhere in Rotterdam and The Hague.
The design of the KPN Tower has proposed revisions to the masterplan.As the initial KPN Tower design has too few floor areas,
a new land-use plan is proposed.The new land-use plan also proposed the idea of mix-used buildings, suggested from Rem
Koolhas’ ‘Vertical City’.Also,as this bilding is dsesigned by starchitect Renzo Piano,it is also seen as a high quality building,as
stated in the Kop Van Zuid Scheme.
Similar to the KPNTorenTower,the importance of the World PortTower doesn’t only lay in the tower itself,but also the fact that
it’s Norman Foster who designed it.The Kop Van Zuid Scheme put a heavy emphasis on high quality buildings in the second
wave of high rises, hence employing Norman Foster to contribute to the new Rotterdam skyline.
1986 - ERASMUSBRUG
1997 - CRUISE TERMINAL
1999 - METRO
2000 - KPN TOREN TOWER
2001 - WORLD PORT TOWER
186 APARTMENTS ARE FOR SALE
54 APARTMENTS ARE FOR RENTAL
KOP VAN ZUID SCHEME STATED
‘PARKING IS PROVIDED AT ONE
SPACE PER DWELLING’
NH HOTEL IS RENTING THE
HOTEL, PROVIDING 266 ROOMS
OWNERSHIP
1986 2000 2013
ERASMUSBRUG BUILT, CONNECTING KOP VAN
ZUID TO THE HISTORICAL CITY CENTRE
MIXED USE AND VERTICAL CITY CONCEPT
INTRODUCED
GOOD VIEW LINE OF ALL BUILDINGS TO
CONTRIBUTE TO THE SKYLINE.
NORTH SIDE NORTH SIDE SOUTH SIDE
€2857 PER M2
€2344 PER M2
€1161 PER M2
RIJNHAVEN
CRUISE TERMINAL
ERASMUSBRUG
MAAS
There’s a hiecharchy in terms of property price within De Rotterdam. The apartment price, both
rental and sales, goes up with the floors; and the price also changes depending the sides in which
the apartment is facing: The Rijnhaven side is the most expensive, while the Maas side is the least.
Both the rental and sale price of De Rotterdam are balancing out with the market prices in
Rotterdam as the real estate market is in a bit of decline starting from 2015.This is also reason why
MAB Development ‘phase out’, as Rabobank’s financer in the Real Estate Market, FGH, was in
decline. Hence Rabobank. changed its investment to a broarder market of asset management
FLATS HIERARCHY COMPARISON IN THE RATE OF PRICE INFLATION
OWNERS’ PROFILE
MAB DEVELOPMENT
MAB Development is European developer of commercial real
estate and multi-use city centre projects.THEY provide city centres
with sustainable and successful combinations of living, shopping,
working and recreation. Retail is often a key ingredient in
mixed-used developments. MAB Development has offices in
Germany, France and The Netherlands.
EXAMPLE PROJECTS:
Les Halles in the center of Paris,De Resident in The Hague and the
city hearts of cities such as Nice, Zoetermeer, Amstelveen and
Almere.
OVG REAL ESTATE
OVG Real Estate is a fast-growing, global, real estate development
company headquartered in Amsterdam, with offices in Rotterdam,
Hamburg,Berlin and NewYork.THEYare currently in the middle of
transforming ourselves from a real estate developer into a real
estate technology company. THEIR ultimate goal is to become the
leading brand in the business. It is THEIR core purpose to use
technology to connect people and create healthy and sustainable
environments.
EXAMPLE PROJECTS:
East Side Tower in Berlin, Valley 1,2 and 3 in Amsterdam and The
Edge in Amsterdam.
AMVEST
Amvest Investment Management manages around 20,000
homes, giving almost 50,000 tenants a home. Their job is to
realize around 10,000 new homes in the coming years. These are
mainly rental properties, but they also develop owner-occupied
homes, care complexes and facilities.
EXAMPLE PROJECTS:
De Zalmhaven in Rotterdam, District E Tower in Eindhoven, Coop-
vaert in Rotterdam, etc.
RABOBANK
Rabobank Group is a full-range financial services provider that
operates on cooperative principles. Its origins lie in the local loan
cooperatives that were founded in the Netherlands nearly 110
years ago by enterprising people who had virtually no access to
the capital market.
Rabobank Group is comprised of independent local Rabobanks
plus Rabobank Nederland, their umbrella organisation, and a
number of specialist subsidiaries. Overall, Rabobank Group has
approximately 61,100 employees (in FTEs), who serve about 10
million customers in 47 countries.
MAB DEVELOPMENT and OVG REAL ESTATE are companies under
RABOBANK
Exp 18 Mix-up: Tall Towers Case Study: De Rotterdam
Site Context and Form Follows Changing Ownership

RIJNHAVEN
CRUISE
TERMINAL
ERASMUSBRUG
MAAS
FLOOR AREA PER FLAT
IN RELATION TO LEVELS
ERASMUSBRUG
RIJNHAVEN
MAASMAAS
R E S E A R C H
STRUCTURE AND HOW IT RELATES TO PROFIT
UPPER RISE APARTMENT
FLOOR 29 FLAT 509
LOWER RISE APARTMENT
FLOOR 10 FLAT 257
C O R E C O L U M N S & T R U S S E S C O M B I N E D
C O R E W I T H
S H E A R W A L L S
C O R E W I T H
O U T R I G G E R S
8 0 % E N C L O S E D
C O R E
J A C K I N G S Y S T E M & P I L E F O U N D A T I O N
C O M P R E S S I O N ( S H E A R W A L L S )
C O M P R E S S I O N ( C O R E )
T E N S I O N ( T R U S S E S )
1 : 5 0 0
O B L I Q U E A X O N O M E T R I C P L A N
C A N T I L E V E R C O L U M N S
C O L U M N S G R I D ( L O W E R R I S E )
C O L U M N S G R I D ( U P P E R R I S E )
C O M B I N E D ( L O W E R A N D U P P E R R I S E )
F O R S A L E
2-bedroom apartment with used area of more than
127m2.
The living area has an area of appproximately
62m2
.
The flat is furnished when it is for sale, with a
Bulthaup Kitchen already installed,and bathroom and
kitchen alrady tiled.
The apartment overlook the Maas, the Willems Bridge.
F O R R E N TA L
1-bedroom apartment with used area of over 100m2.
The living room area has an area of approximately
52m2.
The flat is furnished when it is for sale, with a
Bulthaup Kitchen already installed,and bathroom and
kitchen alrady tiled.
The apartment overlook the Maas, the Willems Bridge.
1 : 1 0 0 1 : 1 0 0
THE DIFFERENCE IN PRICE
A P A R T M E N T P R I C E I N R E L A T I O N
T O V I E W S
A P A R T M E N T P R I C E I N R E L A T I O N
T O H E I G H T
The difference in price of apartments in the upper rise and lower rise is caused by difference in size,and the number of bedrooms available.Moreever,this price difference
is also caused by the fact that there is only a party wall to seperate the office space next door to the flat.Tenants can also look directly into the office space next door.
Comparing all the flats on the same floor, typically, flats with windows facing
the Rijnhaven has the highest sale and rental price. Then the price range
decrease in a clockwise direction.
The price of the apartment increase with height, as the flat size increase as it
goes up the levels, so as the enhancement of views.
In order to maximise profit, the NH hotel specify to have 266 rooms, rather than specifying floor area,
in the planning of De Rotterdam.This is also the cause in why the columns do not align with the party
walls.
The NH hotel’s rooms are roughly 23m2
big, with the exception of the rooms facing the south which
are 30m2
.Those south facing rooms are promoted as the ‘sunrise’ viewing rooms.
1 : 2 0 0
H O T E L P L A N
C O L U M N S G R I D ( U P P E R P O D I U M )
C O L U M N S G R I D ( L O W E R P O D I U M )
For better separation between
apartment, providing more privacy for
each apartment.
Allow lifts to face each other, enhancing
the efficiency in circulation. Outrigger
allows the floors to be split into 2 zones,
allowing 2 companies to rent the same
floor.
Provide privacy by allowing different
point of access to the core, for the 2
diiferent programmes (hotel, office)
which shares the same core.
As De Rotterdam sits on a reclaimed land, it requires 1,165 pile foundations,
each 50m longs, to hold the structure up.During the building phase, jacking
system is implemented to hold the building in place as it is sinking.
P R I C E
H O T E L R O O M P R I C E
I N R E L A T I O N T O V I E W S
office
Exp 18 Mix-up: Tall Towers Case study: De Rotterdam
Structure Follows Finance

Movement and Enclosure Follow Ownership
H
otel
Shopping
Shopping
O
ffice
Residential
Service
Service
M
M
C
M
C
WATER TAXI
CRUISE
TERMINAL
METRO
ERASMUSBRUG
DE ROTTERDAM
R E S E A R C H
ENCLOSURE & MOVEMENT
N
M E T R O
E N C L O S U R E D I A G R A M
B A S E M E N T
G R O U N D
1 S T F L O O R
2 - 4 T H F L O O R
5 - 6 T H F L O O R
L O W E R R I S E
U P P E R R I S E
E X P L O D E D C I R C U L A T I O N
D I A G R A M
F R O N T O F H O U S E
C I R C U L A T I O N D I A G R A M
B A C K O F H O U S E
C I R C U L A T I O N D I A G R A M
Front of House includes residence of the building,office workers,hotel guests,
general public, and any vehicles belonging to the people listed before.
Back of House includes hotel workers, room cleaners, toilet cleaners, rubbish
collectors, retail staff, goods offloading staff.
SITE MAP // 1:2000
SITE MAP // 1:2000
SITE MAP // 1:2000
R E S I D E N C E L E A V E F O R S C H O O L A N D W O R K
O F F I C E W O R K E R S A R R I V E
M A I N T E N E N C E T E A M O F F L O A D A N D S T O R E
G O O D S
C H I L D R E N R E T U R N F R O M S C H O O L
O F F I C E W O R K E R S L E A V E F O R L U N C H
H O T E L G U E S T C H E C K O U T
C L E A N E R S T I D Y U P H O T E L R O O M S
R E S I D E N T R E T U R N F R O M W O R K
O F F I C E W O R K E R S L E A V E W O R K
H O T E L G U E S T S C H E C K I N
C L E A N E R S C L E A N O F F I C E
C R U I S E
T E R M I N A L
RESIDENTIAL
OFFICE
HOTEL
RETAIL
PARKING
SERVICES
M O V E M E N T S T O D E R O T T E R D A M
CARS
METRO
WATER TAXI
CRUISE
Exp 18 Mix-up: Tall Towers Case Study: De Rotterdam

Exp 18 Mix-up: Tall Towers 28
Linked Hybrid
Diana Dulina
Zeena Ismail
Sofya Zhuravleva
Case study
Steven Holl

Exp 18 Mix-up: Tall Towers Site Context Case Study: Linked Hybrid
High Income
Dongcheng District
Dongcheng
Chaoyang
Haidian
Shijingshan
Fengtai
Fangshan Daxing
Tongzhou
Shunyi
Changping
Mentougou
Xicheng
Commercial Sub-district Commercial
Dongcheng District Boundary
Linked Hybrid
Zeena Ismail, Sofya Zhuravleva, Diana Dulina
Beijing & Districts
Dongcheng, Old & New
Dongcheng District
Boundaries
Site Changes
Enclosure
Airport
Hotels
District Boundary Dongcheng District New Development
Beijing First Paper Mill
Sky Loop Base Loop Vertical & Horizontal Access
MOMA Development (High Income) Linked Hybrid (High Income)
Public RealmWorkers’Community (Low Income) Walls
1904-1990
Beijing First Paper Mill
Architect: Steven Holl
Location: Beijing, China
Complete: 2009
- Over 700 Apartments
- A new“open city within a city”
- Public skyloop and ground floor loop constantly generates
random relationships
Low Income
High Income
Expressway Train
Expressway
Enclosure
Primary Circulation
Secondary Circulation
Tertiary Circulation
Low Income
Beijing Residential Sub-district Educational
Public Realm Bus
2000-2003
Wangguocheng MOMA Complete
01/2005
POP MOMA Complete
02/2007
Airport Expressway Complete
08/2008
Linked Hybrid (Dangdai MOMA) Complete,
demolition of housing at the south

Exp 18 Mix-up: Tall Towers Structure and Enclosure Case Study: Linked Hybrid
Programs
Partial Access
Commercial Area
Public Access
Residential Area
Public Access
Programs
Partial Access
Commercial Area
Public Access
Residential Area
Public Access
8 Towers
5 Cantilevers
Core of concrete shear walls:
Steel and concrete composite framing:
Crossed concrete shear walls:
Diagonal bracing:
Perimeter concrete moment frame:
Deflection Resistance:
- Rectangular core comprises of four shear walls that increase the
overall stiffness, and stabilising each building against horizontal
forces such as wind or earthquakes.
- Crossed concrete shear walls work to dictate the layout of the
apartments on typical floor levels.
- Diagonal bracing is utilised across each tower in appropriate
structural sections:
- Diagonal bracing can be found over big openings
- Double sided overhanging integral transform trusses with
diagonal bracing in corner openings
- Linked Hybrid makes use of its facade to further stabilise the
structure of each tower
-Theframeisagridcomprisedofuniformdimensionsandinterspersed
with diagonal members
- Diagonal members occur on an ad hoc basis, where it is required for
building cantilevers, skybridges and reinforcing the overall stiffness.
- Diagonal bracing members are located around the perimeter of
each tower and increase torsional rigidity.
By integrating diagonal bracing across the perimeter, the deflection
resistance capacity is increased by 1.8 times more than a structure
without when facing lateral loads
Deflection with diagonal bracing:
99mm 6794 kN
Deflection without diagonal bracing:
158mm 2430kN
- Linked Hybrid comprises of thirteen concrete cores
- Every core provides access from the lobby to apartments
- Three of the thirteen cores provide access to Skybridges.
- The perimeter concrete moment frame is the second method of
resisting lateral loads, used effectively around cantilevers as a force
transfer system.
-Tensionfromoverhangingcantileversiscarriedthroughthediagonal
bracing towards the main building.
- Core and shear walls increase the structural stiffness that allows for
each cantilever
8 Towers
5 Cantilevers
7 SkybridgesCore of concrete shear walls:
Invisible skybridge:
Diagonal bracing:
Steel truss bridges:
Deflection Resistance: Friction pendulum seismic isolators:
- Rectangular core comprises of four shear walls that increase the overall
stiffness, and stabilising each building against horizontal forces such as wind
or earthquakes.
- Crossed concrete shear walls work to dictate the layout of the apartments on
typical floor levels.
- Double sided overhanging integral transform trusses
with diagonal bracing in corner openings
- Steel trusses create a triangular frame are subjected to essentially
axial forces due to externally applied load
- Vertical and horizontal truss members are made rigid to form a
complete three dimensional Vierendeel frame
- Vierendeel frame provides additional stiffness to the bridges
structure and allows for the removal of the centre panel diagonal
members to achieve a higher level of transparency.
- Linked Hybrid makes use of its facade to further stabilise the structure of each
tower
- The frame is a grid comprised of uniform dimensions and interspersed with
diagonal members
- Diagonal members occur on an ad hoc basis, where it is required for building
cantilevers, skybridges and reinforcing the overall stiffness.
- Diagonal bracing members are located around the perimeter of each tower and
increase torsional rigidity.
99mm 6794 kN
158mm 2430kN
- Friction pendulum bearings are used between the aerial bridge and
each tower.
- These bearings use isolators that achieve a described period of
vibration that minimises the shear transfer by reducing resonance.
- During an earthquake the skybridges can move 40cm relative to
towers, sparing both bridge and tower of the effects of lateral forces
- The perimeter concrete moment frame is the second method of resisting
lateral loads, used effectively around cantilevers as a force transfer system.
- Tension from overhanging cantilevers is carried through the diagonal bracing
towards the main building.
- Core and shear walls increase the structural stiffness that allows for each
cantilever
- Frame facade provides additional stiffness through diagonal
members
- Skybridges adopt a pair of parallel steel trusses to span a great
distance whilst achieving a high level of transparency8 Towers
5 Cantilevers
Diagonal bracing:
99mm 6794 kN
158mm 2430kN
transfer system.
each cantilever
8 Towers
5 Cantilevers
Diagonal bracing:
99mm 6794 kN
158mm 2430kN
transfer system.
each cantilever
8 Towers
5 Cantilevers
7 Skybridges
Crossed concret
Diagonal bracing
Steel truss bridg
- Rectangular core com
overall stiffness, and s
forces such as wind or ea
- Crossed concrete she
apartments on typical flo
- Diagonal bracing is
- Diagonal braci
- Double sided o
diagonal braci
- Steel trusses create a t
axial forces due to extern
- Vertical and horizonta
complete three dimensio
- Vierendeel frame pro
structure and allows fo
members to achieve a hi
transfer system.
each cantilever
members
distance whilst achieving a high level of transparency
8 Towers
5 Cantilevers
7 Skybridges
Crossed concrete s
Diagonal bracing:
Steel truss bridges
- Rectangular core compris
overall stiffness, and stabi
forces such as wind or earth
- Crossed concrete shear w
apartments on typical floor
- Diagonal bracing is util
- Diagonal bracing
- Double sided over
diagonal bracing i
- Steel trusses create a trian
axial forces due to externally
- Vertical and horizontal tr
complete three dimensiona
- Vierendeel frame provid
structure and allows for th
members to achieve a highe
transfer system.
each cantilever
members
8 Towers
5 Cantilevers
7 Skybridges
Diagonal bracing:
Steel truss bridges:
Friction pendulum seismic isolators:
- Steel trusses create a triangular frame are subjected to essentially
axial forces due to externally applied load
- Vertical and horizontal truss members are made rigid to form a
complete three dimensional Vierendeel frame
- Vierendeel frame provides additional stiffness to the bridges
structure and allows for the removal of the centre panel diagonal
members to achieve a higher level of transparency.
99mm 6794 kN
158mm 2430kN
- Friction pendulum bearings are used between the aerial bridge and
each tower.
- These bearings use isolators that achieve a described period of
vibration that minimises the shear transfer by reducing resonance.
- During an earthquake the skybridges can move 40cm relative to
towers, sparing both bridge and tower of the effects of lateral forces
transfer system.
each cantilever
members
Structure Enclosure

Exp 18 Mix-up: Tall Towers Case Study: Linked Hybrid
Lobby to apartments
Access lobby to bridge level
Public garden
Sports Club
Health Spa
Coffee House / Bar
Book Shop
Exhibition
Ground floor public access & circulation
Worker Community access & circulation
Public Gardens access & circulation
Penthouse access
Residential access
Skybridge access & circulation
Hotel guest access & circulation
Movement + Environment diagram
Zeena Ismail, Sofya Zhuravleva, Diana Dulina
Lobby to apartments
Access lobby to bridge level
Public garden
Sports Club
Health Spa
Coffee House / Bar
Book Shop
Exhibition
Ground floor public access & circulation
Worker Community access & circulation
Public Gardens access & circulation
Penthouse access
Residential access
Skybridge access & circulation
Hotel guest access & circulation
Sun light
Floor Heating
Hot Water Circulation
Cold Water Circulation
Greywater
Air Flow
Sun Path Diagram
Water Circulation
Diagram
Air Dynamics
Diagram
Movement
Diagram
Movement and Environment

Exp 18 Mix-up: Tall Towers Case Studies 1Exp 18 Mix-up: 1
Shanghai tower
Gensler
Jihyun Choi
Brian Hok Man Chung
Pierre Zebouni
Case study

Zones 01
Retail
Zones 02
Office
Zones 03
Office
Zones 04
Office
Zones 05
Office
Zones 06
Office
Zones 07
Hotel
Zones 07
Hotel/Boutique Office
Zones 08
Observation/Cultural Facilities
120°
Plan
Tower Twist -Reducing Wind Load
Scaling factor of about 55% and rotation at
120°, results in 24% savings from wind load
acting on the structure.This twist is present
on the outer skin, atrium zone plates, and
the first floor plate on every zone.
Belt Truss Two Storeys Outrigger
Truss
Core
Floor Plates
2nd Enclosure
Skin/1st Enclosure
Podium
Underground Parking
Atrium Floor Plates
Atrium Floor Plates
Concrete Founda�on -
Transferring Compressive Ver�cal Load
Up to 56 meters deep, with around 955 piles of 1
meter in diameter, it combines 655,000 cubic
meters of reinforced concrete to resist the mas-
sive compression of the tower that sits on top of
so� soil composi�on.
Concrete Central Core + Outer Columns -
Transferring Compressive Ver�cal Load + Torsion Resistant
Square concrete ver�cal core used for infrastructure elements, there-
fore, pushing usable programs to the outer edge crea�ng vista. Thick
core and columns is the result of keeping area of the skin free of sup-
por�ng elements.
Two Storeys Outrigger Trusses -
Lateral Movement + Compression Resistance
Two storeys and one storey trusses within the zone
plates resist lateral and ver�cal movements which
latches on to the central core which also act as can�-
lever elements for the open atrium.
Tuned Mass Damper -
Counter Wind + Seismic Load
As the building sways, the 1200 ton
TMD in tension sways in the oppo-
site direc�on, ac�ng as a counter
weight. Copper and magnets below
it create eddy currents as TMD
sways, making the force to return to
the center even greater.
Shanghai Tower
Structure + Enclosure Diagram
Entrance
Wind Notch
200 Wind Turbines
Wind Funnel Notch
Entrance
Entrance
Exp 18 Mix-up: Tall TowersExp 18 Mix-up:
Case Study: Shanghai Tower

Exp 18 Mix-up: Tall TowersExp 18 Mix-up:
Multiple Types of Movements
Case Study: Shanghai Tower

Context and History
632 m
546 m
470 m
394 m
320 m
244 m
173 m
104 m
38 m
2016
2013
DEC
2012
AUG
2012
MAR
2010
NOV
2008
Timeline:
History of construction.
Location:
site plan
section:
1 /800
Altitude:
Height of atriums.
Startofconstruction.
Morethan2000workers
wereemployedand61000
m3ofconcretewaspoured
tocreatethe6mthickmat
fondation.
Core reached a height of 338 m.
corereached400m,
thetotalbuiltuparea
is576000m2of
whichapproximately
66%or380000m2is
aboveground.
Topping out:
construction of the outer skin starts.
Openingofthetower
Finalizingthecoreandfacade
Shangai tower
Context and History
Atriums:
The varying angles of the skin create 21 landscaped public
atriums, each 12 to 14 stories high, which features retail and
meeting space with sweeping views of the city. Atriums are
considered the heart of public buildings. Not only are they the
main spaces where social activities happen and where
people gather/socialize but also these spaces reinforce
connections to nature (with the use of green spaces) and with
the city (by offering limitless views of the surroundings).
Plaza :
The tower provide public space outside to create
accomodations, but also serves a highly active open plaza.
By adding green areas to the the plaza, the architects
creates a visual threshold that meditates between being in
the tower and in the city.
Landmark :
The tower serves the citizens of Shangai by offering a
general idea of their location inside the city. People grow
a dependancy towards such a tall checkpoint.
501 Yincheng Middle Road, Lujiazui, Pudong, Shanghai
ZONE 2
ZONE 3
ZONE 4
ZONE 5
ZONE 6
ZONE 7
ZONE 8
ZONE 9
(lv 9-19)
(lv 23-34)
(lv 38-49)
(lv 53-65)
(lv 69-81)
(lv 86-98)
(lv 106-110)
(lv 119)
Exp 18 Mix-up: Tall Towers Case Study: Shanghai TowerExp 18 Mix-up:

Grow - Rise
Margherita Canali
Data has shown that the UK uses 72% of its landmass for agricultural practices,
however it still imports nearly half of the food it consumes. Additionally, on average,
vegetables travel 2400 km from farm to consumer, causing extra emissions prior to
consumption. With an increasing population of 9.7 billion people by 2050 the demand
for food is increasing, calling for smarter and more resilient solutions to feed the world,
such as hydroponics, which do not require the use of soil or natural light. Therefore,
independently from the season or weather conditions, crops are able to grow all year
long.
The proposal aims to reintroduce farming practises to the city centre, in order to make
them accessible to the population, both on a pedagogical level, as well as on a physical
level, offering fruit and vegetables at km 0. Furthermore, it aims to rehabilitate the river
Thames, becoming the main fuel to water the crops, as well as a new host of public
spaces.
The project challenges the traditional horizontality and combination of different
programmes, such as hydroponic farm, market hall, bed and breakfast, and offices.
Hydroponics, represented by a rotatory belt wrapping the tower, are at the heart of
the project. The hydroponic belt interacts at different moments and times with every
programme. According to how, and when this interaction happens, hydroponics
generate a unique relationship to each programme, creating either physical or
psychological levels of enclosure and wellbeing.

Hydroponical Oxymoron
The project will exploit and unveil the oxymoron behind hydroponics. On one side the industrial, almost artificial
nature of the production areas. On the area, the wellbeing generated by the plants.
Project’s potential
The project aims to the rehabilitation of the Thames, with the creation of farming pods and new public spaces,
floating of the river.
Margherita Canali

Project’s scale
The tower will be a mix of offices, bed and breakfast, market hall and farm. Hydroponics will be learned and accessed by the whole city, as
well everyday workers as well as temporary tourists.
Margherita Canali

The Proposal
The proposal is composed of a main tower volume, on land, which is connected, through an elevated bridge, to
floating structures on the river Thames.
Ground Floor Condition
The project offer five separate access points. The main public one, from the embakment. The farm entrance, con-
necting to the podium and floating structures. B&b entrance. Finally, office and BOH entrance, form the back.
Margherita Canali

The Rotating Hydroponic Belt
The belt is in costant rotation, allowing for all the crops to benefit from the same exposure to natural sunlight.
Additionally, the gradient of colour represents the different species of crops growing within the belt.
The Hydroponic Belt
The heart of the project is an hydroponic belt wrapping around the tower volume. The belt contains various
vegetables and fruit, which will grow within the double skin facade.
Margherita Canali

The Hydroponic Belt
Visitors will be able to walk through and within the hydroponic belt. Additionally, the belt will allow for natural ventilation through the building. These technical details illustrate the mechanism behind the rotation of the belt.
Margherita Canali

Production per 1.5 m growing towerComplete Harvest
Crop Lbs per 5
week turn
Kg per 5
week turn
Lbs per 6
week turn
Kg per 6
week turn
Lettuce 4-6 lbs 1.8-2.7 1.7-3.66-8 lbs
6-7 lbs 2.7-3.2 3.6-4.18-9 lbs
3 lbs 1.4 1.84 lbs
3 lbs 1.4 1.84 lbs
3 lbs 1.4 1.84 lbs
4 lbs 1.8 2.55.5 lbs
Bok Choi
Kale (Winterbor)
Tatsoi
Chard
Mustard Greens
Project’s scale
The project aims to the improvement of the whole city, whilst assuring a good service to the local shops, as well as to the individuals.
Margherita Canali

The Journey
The journey throughout the tower happens at different scales, through different layers of enclosure and movement, generated by all proposal’s components, from the hydroponic belt, to the physical structure, to the visitor’s movements.
Margherita Canali

Office Floors
Office floors are located in the lower portion of the tower. The hydroponic belt interacts with all floors at different points, creating moments of wellbeing, together with providing natural shading on the floors. Employees benefit from the exclusive access to the
“wellbeing floors“, where their encouter with hydroponic plants will create moments of physical or emotional wellbeing.
Margherita Canali

Market Floors
The tower hosts two markets. One located in the middle portion of the tower, the other at the top of the tower. A green hydroponic core connects alla market floors and allows farmers to hand pick fruits and vegetables. The top market, instead, hosts a sky bar.
Margherita Canali

Bed & Breakfast Floors
Tourists can decide to spend the night at the b&b, or take classes to learn about hydroponics practises and food production. Each floor is punched through mezzanine levels, which represent a stage of the farming and market procedures. Walls and floors are
extremely flexible, which allow to create a cosy “home away from home“.
Margherita Canali

Structure - Enclosure - Movement
The relationship between structure, enclosure and movement is constant. The way the permanent internal structure relates to the outer skin and the rotatory belt, creates different moments of enclosure, which according to the different programs achieve a different
feeling and meaning, creating either physical or emotional levels of wellbeing.
Margherita Canali

Facade Studies
Different materials have been tested on the proposal, from timber, to metal and string. Each material manages to express a different aspect of the proposal, creating optical effects, which enhance the rotatory movement of the hydroponic belt.
Margherita Canali

A “closed loop“
The drawing illustrates all of the wildlife involed in the proposal. Indeed, it exaplins how each element contributes in creating a “closed loop“,
hence, how the whole proposal will help reducing waste.
Margherita Canali

FASHION HIGHWALK
Damian Nicholas Kam
The Fashion Industry has always faced a lot of scrutiny, from its consumerist fast fashion
culture, to its sustainability issue. A spectre of crises have always been looming in the
fashion industry, but there has never been any change.
However, with the arrival of COVID-19 situation. It breaks the shiny façade of the industry
by exposing the immense operational carbon business model of the industry and leading
the collapse of the industry overnight.
The FASHION HIGHWALK is tower proposal aims strengthen the framework of industry,
and also support sustainable fashion starts-ups under the industry’s Darwinian culture,
by condensing the whole fashion industry, from event hosting, production, recycling, and
advertising, into a single tower. Which will in turn create hyper-localized circular economy
within the City of London.
In terms of Program, the tower consists of museums, offices for sustainable fashion start-
ups, retail, event spaces, recycling, co-working spaces, and a transportation hub. This mix
of programs doesn’t only benefit from each other to foster upcoming fashionistas, but also
encourage interaction between ‘fashion people’, white collar office workers, and tourists.
Effectively challenging the current business model of the industry, by bringing designers
closer to the customers.
The tower is not just a cultural ghetto, but also a social catalyst which knits into the city
fabric.

Preexisting Conditions of the Fashion Industry
Behind every piece of cloth we wear hides the ugly truth of environmental and labor exploitation.
Fashion Crisis under the Coronacene
Consumerist Culture of the Industry backfired as the collapse in supply and demand leads to overstocking and financial depression.
Damian N. Kam

Concept Collage Evolution of the Fashion Industry in London
Centralisation of the Industry
Medieval 18th Century
2010 2020
Great Fire of London
← High End Retail
→ Low End Production
East London Fashion District
- Fashion Start Ups
- Technology Research
The gradual separation between production and retail of the industry through time.
Damian N. Kam

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M
E
DIAGRAM
UN
ITS
OF
SCALE
PEOPLE
WORKERS
TOURISTS
FAMILYS
UN
ITS
OF
SCALE
TRAIN
LENGTH
CENTRAL
(133M)
CIRCLE
(117.5)
DISTRICT
(117.5)
NORTHERN
(108M)
WATERLOO
&
CITY
(66.5M)
DLR
(56M)
UN
ITS
OF
SCALE
SHOP
SIZE
BIG
PERMANENT
SHOPS
SMALL
TEMPORARY
KIOSK/
VENDING
MACHINES
UN
ITS
OF
SCALE
ART
WORK
SIZES
LARGE
SCULPTURES
(RICHARD
SERRA)
MEDIUM
SIZE
(GORMLEY’S
FIGURE
SCULPTURES)
SMALL
WALL
ART
(FRANK
STELLA’S
RETROSPECTIVE)
UN
ITS
OF
SCALE
PEOPLE
TOURS
FAMILYS
WORKERS
GUEST
PASSERBYS
UN
ITS
OF
SCALE
BOH
EQUIPMENTS
OFFLOADING
TRUCK
BOH
LIFT
TROLLEY
SHOP
SHOP
LIFT
LIFT
LIFT
A
Free-to-Enter
M
useum
aim
s
to
expose
art
to
a
greater
audience.
DESIGN
CRITERIA
FLEXIBLE
GALLERY
SPACE
/
M
ULTIPLE
VIEW
IN
G
POIN
T
•
The
gallery
space
should
be
flexible
to
accommodate
different
sizes
of
art
work.
The
gallery
spaces
should
also
have
different
viewing
points
of
the
art
work
to
allow
the
guest
to
have
their
own
unique
experience.
FIN
AN
CIALLY
SUSTAIN
ABLE
•
The
museum
should
be
financially
sustainable.
The
gift
shop
should
be
visible
from
all
circulation
routes.
The
museum
office
to
gallery
space
ratio
should
be
1:3,
to
allow
enough
staff
to
fundraise
and
look
for
spon-
sors.
The
rental
office
(alternative
program)
to
gallery
space
ratio
should
be
8:1.
EFFICIEN
T
USE
OF
SPACE
•
BOH
should
be
placed
efficiently
to
maximise
space
for
the
gallery.
BOH
should
be
placed
working
triangle
positions,
or
be
physically
adjacent
to
service
lifts
to
minimise
corridor
space.
The
design
aim
s
to
better
connect
the
Bank
and
M
onum
ent
Station,to
im
prove
the
efficiency
in
circulation,and
to
m
ax-
im
ise
the
GFA
for
revenue
and
free
up
spaces
for
the
inser-
tion
of
gallery
spaces.
DESIGN
CRITERIA
CLEAR
VISIBILITY
TO
ALL
LIN
ES
•
Circulation
routes
should
be
visible
from
front
to
end,
with
a
concourse
connecting
all
lines
with
no
turns.
SHORTER
ROUTES
•
The
tube
lines
with
the
highest
footfall
should
be
the
clos-
est
to
the
concourse.
The
lifts
should
be
out
of
the
main
circula-
tion
route
and
should
have
direct
access
to
the
disabled
gates.
EFFICIEN
T
USE
OF
SPACE
TO
M
AXIM
ISE
SPACE
FOR
RETAIL
AN
D
GALLERY
SPACE
•
Retail
should
have
direct
visual
access
from
all
circulation
route.
The
BOH
should
be
hidden
from
sight
as
much
as
possible,
and
if
possible
should
be
shared
between
paid
and
unpaid
area
to
maximise
space
for
other
programmes.
BOH
OFFICE
TICKET
MACHINE
INFO
GATES
DISABLED
GATES
LIFT
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
MECHANICAL
MECHANICAL
MECHANICAL
MECHANICAL
MECHANICAL
MECHANICAL
MECHANICAL
MECHANICAL
MECHANICAL
MECHANICAL
MECHANICAL
MECHANICAL
CONCOURSE
IN
TERCHAN
GEABLE
Programmatic Relation Diagram
Investigation on the benefits by pairing a transportation hub with a museum.
Damian N. Kam

SITEANALYSIS
EXPERIMENTAL18
D A M I A N N I C H O L A S K A M
SITE
81m
38m
Monument
Fenchurch
Street
Bank
Site
Vehicular Movement
City of London, Bank - Monument
Cars/ Public Transport BOH vehicles
Tube Underground Movement
Bank
Monument
Liverpool Street
Fenchurch
Street
Usage Footfall
Site
Monument
Bank
Pedestrain & Bicycle Movement
Bicycle
(official lane)
Bicycle
(unofficial lane)
Tourist Underground
Passengers
Office Workers
Site
SITEANALYSIS
SITE
TheShard
Eastern
C
lu
S H O P S
F I N A N C I A L S E R -
V I C E
R E S TA U R A N T S &
C A F E
D R I N K I N G
E S TA B L I S H M E N T
H O T F O O D TA K E -
AWAY
S U I G E N E R I S
E C O N O M I C
E C O S Y S T E M O N
T H E S T R E E T
L E V E L
F L O O R S PA C E
S H O P S
N U M B E R ↓
F L O O R S PA C E ↑
F I N A N C E S E R V.
N U M B E R ↓
R E S TA U R A N T S
N U M B E R ↑
D R I N K I N G E S TA
N U M B E R ↓
TA K E AWAY
N U M B E R -
S U I G E N E R I S
N U M B E R ↑ ↑
E C O N O M I C
T R E N D
2 0 11 - 2 0 1 9
Movement Diagram Economical Ecosystem Diagram
The tower is situated in the crossing between Gracechurch Street and Fenchurch Street.The busyness of 2 streets and the nearby
Leadenhall Market will create an abundance of footfall to my tower.
My tower will act as an extension to the adjacent Leadenhall Market, driving shoppers from the ground level up my tower.The tower
also has views to many surrounding landmarks, making it a great tourist spot.
Damian N. Kam

NORTHERN LINE
6mins
6mins
MONUMENT
quay quarter tower
cardiff innovation central
xinhee design centre
EVENT SPACE REFERENCES
PUBLIC
PRIVATE
Monument Station Underground Galleria
An underground galleria is carved out to connect my tower to the underground infrastructure through partially repurposing the leftover southbound northern line after the Bank Extension. The advantage of this is two folds; firstly the new tunnel redirect footfall from
the almost full capacity Bank Station to my tower, given that both exits take 6 minutes to go to the Leadenhall Building. Secondly, the tunnel will provide step free access to Monument Station. The tunnel then spirals up into my tower, creating a seamless transition
between horizontal to vertical. The tunnel occupied by event spaces, which the spiral will help create different cluster and sizes of event spaces. The event spaces are then subdivided to spaces from public museums to private atriums for private gathering, and from
bottom to top.
Spiraling movement helps create different clusters of event space,
and create a seamless vertical circulation
Damian N. Kam

EVENT SPACE
step1:
twist for views
step2:
pinch at heights of
surrounding landmarks
step1:
3 stacked
vertical villages
step2:
lean away from
22 Fenchurch St.
Event Space
Column Free Floor Space
Flexibility
High Ceiling
Office Space
Space Efficiency
Retail
Wall Space
Flexibility
Tensile String
Facade
Glazing
Columns
Floor Slabs
Cores
Floor Slabs
Columns
Exoskeleton
Glazing
LED Louvres
Structure & Enclosure Diagram
The form and structure of the tower is the interfacing between 2 distinct massing which for each of them are created to achieve the spatial quality of the designated program. Through the interfacing, a ‘sweet
spot’ is created, and is programmed as retail spaces as it allows connection between both programs.
Damian N. Kam

viewing gallery
museum
office
dining
office
viewing gallery
MEP
office
dining
office retail co-working
co-working
viewing gallery
retail
office co-working
office museum
retailoffice museum
museum
G2G Recycling
museum
theatre
underground
museum
underground (ticketing)
museum retail underground
Program Distribution Brand Distribution
office type:
digital based brand, semi-au-
tonamous production. little/no
direct interation with custom-
ers needed to operate.
office type:
manufacture on demand
based, delivery based, but will
provide repairing services.
moderate interaction with cus-
tomers needed.
office type:
manufacture from recycled
fabric based. Heavily rely on
brick and mortar retail to sus-
tain itself.
Ground Floor Plan
1:250
museum
entrance
underground
entrance
office
entrance
BOH
entrance
Recyling Centre Floor Plan
1:250
Office Floor Plan
1:250
storage
storage
w/c
w/c
sliding partition wall coverage
museum retail office
flexible constant
daily monthly yearly
product stands
/shelves
office seating
storage
bathroom
partitioned
floorspace
normal
floorspace core
production
fashion studio space flexibility
product
shelving
prepartion
Viewing Gallery Plan (EVENT MODE)
150 seats Catwalk Show
1:250
Event
Front
Stage
Event
Back
Stage
Ground Floor Plan
Recycling Centre Plan
Office & Museum Plan
Viewing Gallery / Event Space Plan
Program Distribution
Damian N. Kam

+144m
Sky Garden
Eastern
Cluster
Eastern
Cluster
Barbican
Barbican
Viewing Gallery
Museum
Office
Dining
Lift Movement
Walking
N
Front Back
rotating louvres
LED screens
for advertisement photovotaics
300mm
700mm
Tunnel Module
South-facing Skylight to bring daylight into the underground, and also acts
as way-finding devices.
LED Louvres
Act as advertising boards across the city.
Vertical Circulation
Public Lifts only stops at Viewing Galleries and Dining Area to to increase
the duration of stay and spend of people attending events.
Movement and Visual Access
Damian N. Kam

Amphitheatrical Co-Working Space
The central atrium is slightly stretched out to allow visual exposure to the windows of the office
space, but also vice versa, to maximise the views to the theatre space on the bottom. The floor
plates are also slightly landscaped to allow for visual access across the floors.
Spiraling Landscape Floors - Museum & Co-Working
The event space floor space in the first volume is a set of landscape floor plates which spirals around the
central atrium, and a secondary atrium axis which cuts diagonally from North to South.The purpose of this
design move is bring light into the space, and maximize visual exposure to the shop front windows.
Damian N. Kam

South-facing Skylights
Skylights are installed within the tunnel to allow light to penetrate into the underground,
but also acts as mini showrooms for small displays and way-finding devices for the 300m
long tunnel.
Garment-to-Garment Recycling Centre
The G2G recycling system is a scalable recycling system, which is configured to operation com-
patibility to community space. Hence, I imagine to space to act more as a market for recycled
Garment than conventional recycling facilities around the UK.
Damian N. Kam

1 BLACKFRAIR
TATE MODERN
SHARD
SHARD
Elevation
The strong difference in terms of structure helps to signify the type of programs from the exterior.
Tensile String Facade
The facade of vertical villages represent the process of knitting. The density of strings
correlates to the gradual shift from artist studio like office spaces in the bottom to more
conventional office spaces on the top
For brands and offices that re-
quire low level of storage space
(e.g. storing yarns)
Threading
Twisting
Knitting
For brands and offices that
require high level of storage
space
(e.g. storing flat bed fabric)
For museum and event spaces
LED Louvre panels are installed
to act as advertising boards
across the city.
Advertising Louvre Panels
Damian N. Kam

Elevation - Day
Vertical Louvre panels act as solar shading during day for museums and event spaces.
Elevation - Night
Vertical Louvre panels act as advertising boards during nighttime. Each window targets at specific landmarks across the city.
Damian N. Kam

Jihyun Choi
The convention center is no longer a crowded space with many people.
Various events are increasingly being replaced by virtual events, especially
when it comes to the covid-19. I would like to redefine the role of the con-
vention center and reconsider the spatial character of the each program of
the convention centre for the future society. In the process, the convention
center is combined with the skyscraper and has special relationships with
the government and multinational corporations. This project re-examined
the economic, political and cultural values of the convention center from a
more forward-looking perspective.
Convention Centre where can bring the needs from SME(Small and
medium-sized enterprises). Provide a flatform which can formulate the
ideas of Venture Businesses to expand there boundary. Digital based
convention centre which is including the infrastructures of digital promotion
Small-scale sample exhibition hall, and venue for the local business con-
ference is included. Digital based exhibition studio is the main program of
the convention centre. Collaborate with the multinational cooperation like
the Google, Youtube, Universal Music and Facebook.
Businessing Net

Exhibition Hall
Canteen
Meeting Room
Hall
Auditorium
Ballroom
South
Hall A Hall B / Grand Ballroom1F
Movie Teather / Aquarium
Subway Sta�on 2
Subway Sta�on / LibraryB1
Area A, C, D, E Area F, GB2
Area H, IB3
Area J, KB4
Exhibi�on Hall / Trade Mart Ballroom2F
Hall C / Mee�ng Room Hall D / Auditorium3F
Mee�ng Room Auditorium Mee�ng Rooms4F
Coex Roo�op Parking LotRF
North
South
North
Ver�cal Circula�on
Horizontal Movement
Movement of Loading
- Total Floor Area: 1,212,507㎡
- Halls: 36,007㎡
- Meeting rooms: 11,614㎡
- Exhibition halls: 11,916㎡
- Ballrooms: 3,812㎡
- Auditorium: 2,381㎡
1. Cross Programming through:
- Flexibility of reconfigurate halls, event spaces.
- Adaptability of quality of space
* Daylight, black box
* Acoustics
* Ptojections
* Seating arrangements + Catering
Program orientation rules
Connec�on to the Basement
Movement of the Train
9.5%
29.6%
46.1%
Others
9.8%
3%
2%
Coex, Seoul
Convention Centre Program Analysis
Jihyun Choi

N
Emmanuel Centre
Congress Centre
Cavendish Conference Centre Southwark Cathedral
- Matching Design with the
neighboring buildings
- Cross Programming(Flexible Hall)
- Convention Centre in the listed building
- Chapel converted to the Main Auditorium
- Private Garden
- Grade II listed building
- Large-scale London venue
- 16 ﬂexible meeting and events spaces
- 1950s modernist building
- Host more than 7,000 events
- The 2018 winners for
the Conference Awards
- On-site catering
- 6 meeting rooms
- two beautiful outsides spaces
- the historic Cathedral interior
- onsite catering partner(Leaﬁ)
- Cathedral looking Convention Centre
Queen Elizabeth II Centre
DE MORGAN HOUSE
Midium Size Convention Centre
310m(95 floors)
9th Floor
23rd Floor
32nd Floor
39th Floor
68th Floor
72nd Floor
Usable Sqare Meter: 127,489 m²
Shared Area: 71,489m²
Load Factor: RSM/USM = 0.43 = 43%
Total Floor Area: 398,490 m2
Price(£)/day/m²: 7.09
The Shard
Lower Concourse
Connec�on to the Shard
Train Shed
Retails and Side Entrance
The Shard, also referred to as the Shard of
Glass, Shard London Bridge and formerly
London Bridge Tower, is a 95-storey super-
tall skyscraper, designed by the Italian archi-
tect Renzo Piano, in Southwark, London,
that forms part of the Shard Quarter devel-
opment.
The Shard
Viewing Corridor
The Shard is perfectly avoiding the viewing
corridor which means it is not distracting any
perspective toward the key buildings and
views in London. If you see the blue dots
which is indicating about tall towers, they
are also avoiding the viewing corridor. It is
one of the key aspects that we have to con-
sider with the conservation area when we
build a tall building in London.
Public Realm
Mixed-use Skyscraper
There are 3 main public area which is also
part of the building component. There are
one on the Top which is the viewing gallery,
in the middle floor there are high-end
restaurants and the connection with the
transportation on the ground level. Consid-
ering the connectivity toward the public
realms is also quite important, as the tall
tower normally bring disconnection to them
due to the height.
Transportation Users
The Shard Users
Office Workers
Hotel Users
Public
Pedestrian
The Shard
Movement of different Users
Jihyun Choi

2D Convention Centre Program Analysis
Relationship in between different programmes according to the age
Movement of Services
Primary connec�on
Retail Shops
Projec�on
Toilet
Mee�ng AreaSecondary connec�on
Entrance
Auditorium
Hall A Hall B
Auditorium
Ballroom A
1. Cross Programming through:
- Flexibility of reconfigurate halls, event spaces.
- Adaptability of quality of space
* Daylight, black box
* Acous�cs
* Projec�ons
* Sea�ng arrangements + Catering
2. How to create inhavitable space with the connec�on of Conven�on Centre
Ballroom B
Square
Delivery
Centre
Loading
Area
Underground Parking Lot
Catering
Canon Street Sta�on
Movement of People
Entrance for Cars
Recep�on
Atrium
Adjustable Stages for Hall and Ballroom and Football field
Catering
Office
Movable Aucous�c Wall
Require High Ceiling
Opened Ground Level
Hall and Ballroom
Mon
Shawer Area
Thue Wed Thur Fri Sat Sun
Jihyun Choi

Residential
Area
Residential
Area
Meeting
Area
Meeting
Area
Office
Conven-
tion
Hall
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ballroom
Auditori-
um
Catering
Con-
course Shed Circulation Entrance Retails Lobby
Convention
Hall
Ballroom
Auditorium
Catering
Concourse
Shed
Circulation
Entrance
Retails
Lobby
Very closed Not closed
Public
Case Study of Vertical Relationship
Site Example: Bank Area
Private Program
Core
Ground Floor
Hall
Residential VS Office
200m
250m
Atrium/Public Area
150m
50m
50m2
Exhibition Hall Meeting Area Plaza Lobby Residential Area Retails Control Tower/
Ticket Hall
Sports Centre Skyport Platform Hall Ballroom
Cannon Street Station
Bloomberg HQ
Cloak Ln
St. Paul
River Thames
The middle Core only
goes up to this Level
Retail Shops
Sports Centre
178m2
78m2
Hall AHall B
Communal
Garden
N
Sky Hall
Circulation
Exoskeleton
Skin
Negative/Positive Volume
Void
Programmes
Volumn = 57:73
Movement of Services Public Realm Basement ArrangementResidential VS Office
Service
Hall
Retails
BallroomCatering Movement of People
Air circulation
Platform
Controlled perspective
Projection
Direction
Ground Lv
Underground
Auditorium
Office
Services
Residential
3D Stacked Diagram
Composed according to the adjacency
Jihyun Choi

image image
Collage of Site Anal
The Drawing shows the history of the King’s Cross area and the main function of the tower as a convention centre
Jihyun Choi

King’s Cross Opportunity Area
Domestic and International Demands
Exp 18 Mix-up: Tall Towers Jihyun Choi
Regions linked with the King’s Cross
bn
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
North West
Scotland
West Midland
North East
Yorkshire And The Humber
East Midlands
East of England
London
£677-814bn Market
Paris
Marseille
Brussels
Amsterdam
London
https://www.statista.com/statistics/412756/london-underground-kings-cross-st-pancras-passengers/
150,000 Travellers in a day
Domestic Arrival to King’s Cross Station
28,611 Travellers in a day
International Arrival to St Pancras Station
149,000 people in a weekday
215,816 people during the weekend
Underground Station Users
5.8 million small businesses at the start of 2019
Collaborating with Multination Cooperations
182,408
28,611
150,000
King’s Cross is the Business Hub for SME and Startup

Concourse
Oﬃce/
VIP Lounge
HotelUnderground
Shed
Ticket Oﬃce
Retail ShopCirculation
Direction to Platform
Source: Islington Borough
Viewing Corridor
Buildable Area
Jihyun ChoiExp 18 Mix-up: Tall Towers

City Scale Site Drawing
Analysis of local programmes
Neighboring Programmes
Multinational Corporation
Public Sector
Accomodation
Convention Venue
Train Station
Buildable Site
Demand
Supply
N Domestic Demand from the NorthInternational Demand
Domestic Demand from the North West
Universal Studio
Camden Council
Francis Crick Ins�tute
The Bri�sh Library
St. Pancras Renaissance Hotel
The Standard Hotel
Camden Centre
Mary Ward House Conference Centre
Great Northern Hotel
Premier Inn
hub by Premier Inn
Central Saint Mar�ns
Youtube Studio
Trinity Group Ltd.,
Google HQ
Jihyun Choi

Exp 18 Mix-up: Tall Towers Jihyun Choi
Neighborhood Scale Site Analysis
Relationship with Existing Contexts
Context Height
Summer
People from Coal Drop Yard
People from Central London
People from St Pancras
People from St Pancras SQWinter
Underground Station
Sun Path
Listed Buildings(Grade 1, 2*, 2)
Viewing Corridor
Entrance
People
Vehicle
Turnstiles
Usable Area Above Ground: 49,010 sqm
“Context Height is important aspect, as it will decide what is the tall building in that area. In my case, the tallest building amongst the King’s Cross opportunity Area is maxium 61m, and the most of building
height are around 37-46m. So If I build a tower up to 150 m, it will be counted as a ‘District Landmark’. If any building above the height should be perceived as a ‘Metropolitan Landmark’.”
Above X3 CH up to X5 CH: District Landmark
Proposed Height as a District Landmark
Above X5 CH: Metropolitan Landmark
150m
250m

Jihyun Choi
St Pancras Councourse
King’s Cross Train Shed
Podium
Sunpath and Overshadow
N
01/07/2020 - 6am 01/07/2020 - 12pm 01/07/2020 - 7pm
Solar Radiation and Wind Flow
N
Environment Analysis
Solar Radiation and Wind Flow

Iteration & Program Distribution
Site & Program AnalysisBasic Geometry
Section (1:2000)
Train Concourse
Underground Connec�on
Transfer Truss
Studio/ Business Hub Area
Exhibi�on Area
Opened MT Area/ Crea�ve Zone
Ball Room/ Auditorium
Catering/ Food Court
Restaurants
Lobby/ VT for Oﬃces
Oﬃces
Bar
Observa�on Deck 240 m
6 m
12 m
FlexibleFlooringZone
Viewing Restrictions
From 12.41m
(10.15º)
King’s Cross Arrival from the Northern UK: 150,000/day
St. Pancras International Arrival from Europe: 28,611/day
Underground Users: 149,000/day
View toward the river thames
Massing Design
Existing Axis and Program Distribution

Jihyun Choi
Stakeholder
Collective Investment Scheme
Physical Space Orientation Role of the Camden Council
Public
Private
Cut the Local Public Services by 63%
h�ps://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/FB/facebook/total-assets
h�ps://www.budgetyourtrip.com/united-kingdom
h�ps://www.camden.gov.uk/camdens-financial-challenge
Govern-
ment
Facebook SME Oculus
Tax
Camden
Council
Camden
Council
Provide physical and technical fla�orms which the SMEs
can get the direct support to launch there business.
Government Funding Reduced
Annual Budget Reduced by 23%
£169 million -> £35-40 million
Finencial Movement
Technical Movement
Construc�on Cost Average Office Rent Cost
21.6 £/table/day
Travel Daily Cost
£117/Person
Usable Area Above Ground: 49,010 sqm
Expacted Employees: 5000
Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy(£13.8 billion budget)
Camden Council (£35-40 million budget)
Facebook($133.376 billion budget)
HM Government(Network Rail)
Camden Council Income
£35-40 m
50%
50%
Managing the facility on behalf of the government
Organize the Business Conference
which the SME can get the direct support
Rent out a room or a facility of the conven�on centre to
the SME according to their needs
Organize a tes�ng lab to research of a new typology of
business
Rent
Camden
Council
Programme and Site base Massing Design
Government Body Connection
Financial Hierarchy
Justification of the tower with the Government Body

Transfer Truss
Negetive Volumn
Physical Connection
Visual Connection
Positive Volumn
Retails
Western Concourse
Train Shed
Underground
Underground
Pancras Sq Granary Sq
St. Pancras Interna�onal
Entrance
Office Lifts
1st Floor Plan
Ground Floor
1:1200
Restaurant lifts
VIP Lift
Convention Centre Lifts
Viewing Condition
N Typical Floor Plan
Movement and Structure of the Tower
Floor plans of the key floors, Exploded Isometric Drawing

Physical Movement
Visual Connection
Section and Axonometric Drawing
Relationship in between different floors

Jihyun Choi
Rendering of Auditorium(Convention Centre)

Jihyun Choi
Government Body and Auditorium
Physical Connection through Skip Flooring System

Day and Night
One of the key features of the tower is twisting geometry. The twisted area is the surface where the tower receive sun light the most during the day time. The positive volumn extruded out toward southern facade is the part where the internal program started to
combined. And along with the program mixing the external exoskeleton is also redistributed toward ground floor. As it is shown on the rendering images, the internal structure is more clearly visulaised during the night time while the external facade is covering over-
all structure during the day time. By changing the skyline of the King’s Cross area, the tower will be a guidance and the symbol of the rapidly changing world. And more importantly, the ‘Businessing Net’, as a tower consist of convention centre and different multi
programmes, will be recognised as a representation of the future.

Exp 18 Mix-up: Tall Towers as Catalysts
a-hub is a hotel and residential integrated with an art museum, art school, studio
space, art fair and art therapy. The tower brings people together though the binding
subject of art. On a more subconscious level, art impacts our lives and serves as a
great social catalyst. Whether it is creating or experiencing art, it connects individuals,
communities, cities and even countries.
a-hub makes art available for everyone exposing the visitors and the inhabitants to a
variety of activities associated with art. Art School offers courses suitable for anyone
with desire to learn and to practice art regardless of the age and skill. Experimental
Museum embraces the contemporary with installations focused on the visitor
experience. Artists can rent a-hub studios with their preferred size, which will turn into
an Art Fair for a month every year. a-hub is fully sustainable environment with all users
interacting and learning with each other: students learning from professional artists and
curating small exhibitions, public getting to know the artists and acquiring exceptional
artworks.
The tower is located in Southbank, close to popular tourist locations yet quiet with
multiple residential neighbourhoods. A-hub is surrounded by existing artistic institutions
such as National Callery, Somerset House and the Culture Mile of London: Barbican,
Museum of London, St. Paul’s, and Tate Modern.
a-hub elevates the cultural capital of London by promoting art education and exhibiting
revolutionary installations. London community is exposed to artistic activities available
to everyone.
A-HUB
Diana Dulina

Close-up View
Twin towers get “wrapped” around by the alternative programs emphasizing the continuous loop journey.
Diana Dulina

Exp 18 Mix-up: Tall Towers Diana Dulina
The site model shows key features essential to the project. Blue - central tourist area; pink - quiet residential; purple - well known artistic institutions
of London and the Culture Mile.

Exp 18 Mix-up: Tall Towers Diana Dulina
Museum & Studio
12pm- 6pm
Art School
7am- 8pm
Environmental Analysis
Tower design is informed by the wind and sunlight analysis. Special programs are facing toward the sunlight at targeted hours.

Colomns MEP
Residential Elevators
Studio, Museum, Art School, Art Thera-
py Elevators
BOH Elevators
Stairwell
MEP
Storage
Residential Elevators
Studio, Museum, Art School Elevators
BOH Elevators
Stairwell
MEP
Storage
Structure
Twin towers’ structure is composed of perimeter columns and central cores. Identical cores will provide vertical circulation for all programs.
Diana Dulina

Vertical Panels
Glazing
Extended Floor Slab
Perforated Ceiling
Hierarchy of Facade
Horizontals on the Alternative Programs
Verticals on the Hotel and Residential
Adjustable Louvres
By rotating and sliding the panels, amount of sunlight in the
Museum can be tailored.
Continuation of Panels
Vertical Panels merge together on the ceiling of Art School as
they form openings for sunlight.
Enclosure
Vertical panels in Residential and Hotel will direct the habitants away from each other. They will be used as movable louvers on the artistic spaces.
Diana Dulina

Ground Floor Circulation
Podium design is driven by public circulation. People at Southbank embankment are taken across the podium through retail spaces and museum installations.
Diana Dulina

Podium Lobby Plaza
Mezzanines in the podium reinforce the horizontal movement as well as form atrium to draw people’s attention up into the tower. Green plaza leads to the podium entrance providing the public with sitting areas and museum installations.
Diana Dulina

Art Therapy
Museum
Art Fair
Art School
Studios
Program Section
Residential (on the left) and Hotel (on the right) are surrounded by the loop of alternative programs.
Diana Dulina

Hotel Floor Plan
Room size: 50-75 m2
Hotel Floor Plan
Room size: 75-100 m2
Residential Floor Plan
Apartment size: 225 m2
Apartment size: 95-120 m2
Apartment size: 60-85 m2
Art School Bridge Floor Plan
Public Corridor open for 2 hours a day
Art Museum Bridge Floor Plan
Mezzanines in all Museum levels
Art Studio Bridge Floor Plan
Movable Partitions
Possible Combination of Studio space
Tower Floor Plans
The diagram shows the way the floor slab is split into apartment blocks and hotel rooms. Floor plans of the bridges depict unique features of each space.
Diana Dulina

Interior Views
Courses offered at the Art School vary from basic drawing skills to improving professional digital skills. Mezzanines on the Museum floors provide alternative perspective to exhibiting artwork. Studios for artists can
easily be tailored to one’s preference and then transform into an Art Fair.
Diana Dulina

Socialisation is an extremely important part of our life. Now that we’ve been
deprived of social contact and nobody knows when it might be safe enough to
get to the life we had prior to the Pandemic. Creating a space where people
can share thoughts and ideas. Collaborate and develop new skills. Considering
that co-working is very popular in London also not setting aside the changes
the world is going through at the moment it would be a good solution.
The building would not only have co working facilities but also educational
facilities and entertainment facilities. This would add to a small number of en-
tertaining facilities in the neighbourhood and bring more life into it during non
working hours.
The tower consists out of 3 types of spaces that consider the needs of the
inhibitors and their safety. There are spaces to CoWork, which are smaller and
more private. The spaces to CoLearn are a modent substitution to a library
where people have all the access to the resourses while having a “hands-on”
learning approach. The space for CoCreation is a space for collaboration .
Sofya Zhuravleva
CoWork, CoLearn,
CoCreate

Interaction area
Cafe/Bar/Kitchen
Kitchen/ Storage/ Preparation of food
market office
coworking
library
co-learningcollaboration
Each of the four devisions
of short term rent co work-
ing offices is a different
shade to represent the
different types of environ-
ment they would be.
Individual offices
Meeting rooms
Open plan office
Kitchen
Long term rent co-working office
Meeting rooms
Short term rent co-working office
Lecture Space
Entrance
Registration Desk
Workshop Space
Meeting Spots (cafe/ lounge)
Photo studios
Music rooms
VR/computer rooms
Art studios
Lecture Hall/Conference room
1. Film Archive
2. Photo Archive
3. History Department
4. Science Department
5. Humanities Department
6. Children Books
7. Schience-Fiction Books
8. Special Collections
9. Music Collections
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1. Study Rooms
2. Meeting Rooms
3. Studios
4. Making Space
5. Science Lab
6. Gardening Spot
7. Kids Area
8. Goup Work Space
9. Cinema
10. VR Room
11. Computer Room
12. Music Studio
13. Sound Reconding
Room
1 23
4
5
6
7 8
9
10
11
12
13
Program Diagram
Sofya Zhuravleva
Market transforms into Collaboration. Office transforms into Coworking. Library transforms into Co-Learning.

Combined Program Diagram
Sofya Zhuravleva
Individual offices
Collaboration area
Cafe/Bar/Kitchen
Meeting rooms
Open plan office
Photo studios
Music rooms
VR/computer rooms
Art studios
COWORKING CO-LEARNING
COLLABORATION
Individual offices
Collaboration area
Cafe/Bar/Kitchen
Meeting rooms
Open plan office
Photo studios
Music rooms
VR/computer rooms
Art studios
COWO

Stacking Concept Loud and quiet program disstribution
Visual
Physical
Social
Visual
Physical
Social
Visual
Physical
Social
Sofya Zhuravleva

Exp 18 Mix-up: Tall Towers Sofya Zhuravleva
image
Site Analysis
60 London Wall
THEBARBICAN
CENTER
THESAINTPAUL’SCATHEDRAL
THEEASTERNCLUSTER
BANK
MOORGATE
LIVERPOOL STREET
LIVERPOOL STREET
STATION
COWORKING OFFICE CAFE / RESTAURANT OFFICE BUILDING

image
Site Analysis
Movement Analysis
PEOPLE VEHICLES
BANK
MOORGATE
LIVERPOOL STREET
LIVERPOOL STREET
STATION
Vehicles People

1st Massing Iteration 2st Massing Iteration 3st Massing Iteration
Sofya Zhuravleva

COWORK
COLEARN
COLLABORATE
Mudular System of Program Division

FOH Entrance BOH Entrance BOH circulation FOH circulation
Ground floor plan
Sofya Zhuravleva

225 m
COLLABORATION
LEARNING
CONCENTRATION
7.5 m
Isonomentric Section Typical floor plan
Sofya Zhuravleva

Visulisation of the tower Visulisation of the atrium in the tower
Sofya Zhuravleva

Brian Chung
The Digital Zoo
The main idea of the tower is to mix tech museum with office program. The tower design was born out
of the idea of showcasing current technology as well as historical artifacts. In the traditional museum,
visitors look at artifacts and museum curators, hidden from view, work to put forth the artifacts. The de-
sign of the Digital Zoo challenges this very idea, by having workers working on their crafts and artifacts,
while the public observe, engage and even experience the artifacts. The museum experience becomes
a process, looking at an artifact that evolves, and the learning experience will educate the public using
many different methods. In other words, the office, back of house and museum are all intertwined.
In today’s world, tech offices are constantly changing, how people interact, the type of tech and objects
being crafted and researched are also changing rapidly. From personal items, to large objects such as
drones, flying cars, and space age technology, the spatial experience should reflect this. In this tower,
atriums ranging from small or large carve out the interior space that can accommodate various sizes
of artifacts. The atriums and layout of the tower will directly inform how the public engages the office
workers. Some atrium spaces will only allow the public to see the exhibition form a distance, giving the
office some privacy. While other atrium spaces, will allow large multi-level objects to be displayed, as
visitors move up and down, different parts of the objects can be seen, sometimes from a far, sometimes
close up, and sometimes even interact with the object.
Structurally, the tower is support by an external exoskeleton, that the shape is informed by the programs
inside the building. There is also a smaller, internal exoskeleton, that allows these big atrium spaces and
cantilevers elements to be possible. The exoskeleton system ultimately allows maximum amount of open
floor space to be used, while resisting tectonic forces.
We live in a society exquisitely dependent on science and technology, in
which hardly anyone knows anything about science and technology.
- Carl Sagan

Exp 18 Mix-up: Tall Towers Brian Chung

Environmental Analysis
The shape of the tower is informed by the environment. Elongated shape mitigate wind load, while the flatter areas try to capture
as much sunlight as possible, and also allowing occupants and city goers to have the best view possible.
image
Brian Chung

Site Plan
The podium and ground level is very much informed by the local
circulation and context

Site Model
The site model shows the initial attempt at the building
atriums.The strings also represent circulation of the area
and into the building
Brian Chung

Building Atrium and Programs Layout
Spatial experience and public interaction with the office works
are dependent on the building layout but could be changed
depending on needs

Interior Render
Spatial experience and public interaction inside the tower

image image
Exoskeleton Iteration 02Exoskeleton Iteration 01Early Exoskeleton Concept
Exoskeleton with more vertical and fluid shape
that is informed by the interior layout of the
program
Exoskeleton inspired by bird bone
structure
Rear side of the tower
Brian Chung

Exoskeleton Form Finding and Testing
Some early attempts at form finding and structural
testing of exoskeleton
Brian Chung

Startup Accelerator
Elliot Watt
This tower is home to a full-service startup accelerator. It provides ambitious technol-
ogy entrepreneurs with the mentorship, funding and office space necessary to develop
ideas into profitable companies. These three pillars of support are consolidated into
one urban hub with the goal of lowering the barrier to entry for entrepreneurship in
London and creating a competitive environment that increases the success rate of new
companies.
Mentorship will be provided by partner corporations and entrepreneurs, and capital will
come from seed and venture capital firms. Entrepreneurs will be accepted in cohorts
that stay for a 6-month duration, after which they will either move their new companies
into the city and continue to develop on their own, or they will be offered office space
in the tower at a discounted rate in return for their peer mentoring of future cohorts.
The tower sits directly at the heart of London’s tech city, the startup epicentre of the
UK and an important hub for tech entrepreneurship in Europe. The site is situated at
the intersection of Old St and City Rd. Dubbed Silicon Roundabout, the site was home
to the first tech startups in the area over a decade ago and continues to thrive as the
epicentre for startup incubation and entrepreneurship in the UK.
Like a small community in the sky, this accelerator should provide an environment that
enriches London’s startup scene and increases the percentage of successfully founded
companies entering the marketplace. Ideally an engine for economic growth.

24-hour Start-up Accelerator: Day & Night Render
Like a small community in the sky, this accelerator provides an environment that enriches London’s startup scene and increases the percentage of successfully founded companies entering the marketplace. Ideally an engine for economic growth.
Elliot Watt

Formal Massing Study: Drawing
Two twisting towers draw near at the top to create a communal atrium in the sky, while the feet of the tower are
spread apart to allow cyclists and pedestrians to pass through the site.
Elliot Watt

Massing Environmental Analysis: Render
The initial massing was adapted to better suit the environmental conditions of the site based on solar and wind analysis. The internal atrium was oriented toward the sun, while the broad side of the tower faced the prevailing wind to block it.
Elliot Watt

24-hour Start-up Accelerator: Night Section
This project challenges the notion that work must take place from 9-5, or even during the day at all. The building
will be open 24/7, much like a university student center, to allow participants to work whenever inspiration strikes.
Start-up Funding & Support: Diagram
There are 5 main types of startup program, each providing a different combination of resources. This tower is an
accelerator, highlighted in white, that provides investment capital, office space and mentorship.
Elliot Watt

Programatic Division: Section
The building program is divided into two sections. The top is where the cohorts of accelerator participants work for
6 months, and the bottom is a convention centre, shared equally between the accelerator and tech companies.
Vertical Connection: Section
To create an environment of connected entrepreneurs sharing their diverse ideas with one another, each floorplate
has a cut out which connects it with the one below, encouraging spontaneous wandering up or down.
Elliot Watt

Ground Floor Podium: Floor Plan Accelerator Lobby: Floor Plan Accelerator Floorplate: Floor Plan
The tower base is split into two separate volumes. The left primarily serves the
tower’s human population as it occupies the front of the site and the right is primarily
reserved for services and goods delivery, as it has open access to the back lane.
The accelerator lobby sits midway up the tower, above the convention centre. Accel-
erator participants take an express lift to this floor where they can sign in and choose
to continue their journey upwards via lift or on foot.
The accelerator floorplates are once again split, this time connected at every second
level by an enclosed bridge. Central to each floor plate is a cut out, staggered from
the one above and below it, acting as a social gathering space.
Elliot Watt

Structural Systems: Axonometric
The dual-tower form is realized through the use of columns and a transfer truss. Where the two towers interlock in the mid section, they are
connected by a truss that carries the load from the columns above to the cores.
Elliot Watt

Structural Transfer Truss: Render
Below the truss, the floors are supported on one side by columns and cantilever from the core on the other.
Elliot Watt

Accelerator Interior Design: Render
The accelerator design provides a variety of spaces, each tailored to a different activity. On one floor you can find spaces dedicated to work and socialization, each expressing its intention through form.
Elliot Watt

Social Space: Render
At the interior scale, the tower geometry creates a small haven in the sky. Inter-floor gathering spaces provide space to hangout and facilitate vertical movement. A small community in the sky.
Elliot Watt

Urban Integration: Render
At the urban scale, the tower geometry allows a more free ground condition, friendly for cyclists and pedestrians. The great twist of the towers as they touch the ground allows for the life of the city to continue uninterrupted.
Elliot Watt

Tall Towers as Catalysts for Social Interaction

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