The document discusses digital testing of high voltage circuit breakers. It begins with an introduction to circuit breakers and their essential qualities and need for testing. It then describes the process of digital testing which involves high resolution measurement of voltage and current during critical periods using advanced sensors and digital signal processing. This allows evaluation of circuit breaker performance under different conditions through simulation software. The advantages of digital testing include reducing full scale testing needs and identifying network issues.

1. Mail me for PPT and report copy on
mdsadabkhan@gmail.com
Technical Seminar on
“Digital Testing Of High Voltage Circuit Breaker ”
Submitted to Submitted By:
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
JNN College Of Engineering, Shimoga- 577204
2020-2021

2. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Contents
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Literature review
• Essential Qualities Of HV Circuit Breaker
• Need For Testing
• Testing Of Circuit Breaker
• Digital Testing
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Application
• Conclusion
2
05-09-2021 18:34

3. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Abstract
• The functionality of high voltage circuit breaker is tested in high power
laboratories.
• With the advancement of power system, need for high voltage circuit breaker has
increased a lot, as they play an important role in transmission and distribution.
• Digital testing of high voltage circuit breaker employs a software product for
testing of a breaker model, once its characteristic are obtained from the standard
tests.
• High-resolution measurements of current and voltage are done in the critical
period.
• The arc voltage is measured with standard broadband RCR type voltage divider
and current with spec
05-09-2021 18:34 3

4. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Introduction
• A circuit breaker can make or break a circuit, either manually or
automatically under all conditions viz. no-load, full-load and
short-circuit conditions.
• The American National Standard Institute (ANSI) defines circuit
breaker as: “A mechanical switching device capable of making,
carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions
and also making , carrying for a specified time, and breaking
currents underspecified abnormal circuit conditions such as
those of short circuit”.
05-09-2021 18:34 4

5. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Literature survey
 “Pieter Schavemaker, Lou Vandersluis, “Digital testing of
high voltage circuit breakers,” IEEE Computer Applications
in Power System.This paper describe about the brief procedure
and steps required for the digital testing of High voltage circuit
breaker.
05-09-2021 18:34 5

6. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
 R.P.P. Smeets, V. Kertesz, “Evaluation of H.V. Circuit breaker
performance with a new arc model,” lEE Proceedings on
Generation, Transmission and Distribution. This paper
describes about arc-circuit interaction performance of High voltage
circuit breaker.
05-09-2021 18:34 6

7. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
 Paul E. Schoen, President PS Technology, Inc. , “Circuit
breaker testing technology ,”Published by Lake Publishing
Corporation. This paper focus upon the practical aspects of
generating and measuring the high currents required in the testing of
circuit breakers.
05-09-2021 18:34 7

8. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
 Neumann C, “Progress towards 'digital testing', a novel
additional tool to investigate the performance of HV circuit
breakers for the benefit of utility, manufacturer and
standardizing body,” The International Council on Large Electric
Systems (CIGRE)., pp. 13–17. This article Quantifies about the
interrupting performance of high-voltage circuit breakers.
05-09-2021 18:34 8

9. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Essential Qualities Of HV Circuit Breaker
• In closed position they are good conductors.
• In open position they are excellent insulators.
• They can close a shorted circuit quickly and safely with out
unacceptable contact erosion.
• They can interrupt a rated short-circuit current or lower
current quickly without generating an abnormal voltage.
05-09-2021 18:34 9

10. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Need for testing HV circuit breaker
• When an overload or a short circuit occurs in the home or
industry, the usual result is a blown fuse or a tripped circuit
breaker.
• Circuit breakers are mechanical devices, which are subject to
deterioration due to corrosion and environmental
contamination, any of which could cause the device to
remain closed during a fault condition.
05-09-2021 18:34 10

11. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Testing of circuit breakers
• Routine tests:
performed on every piece of circuit breaker in the
premises of the manufacturer. The purpose of the routine test
is to confirm the proper functioning of a circuit breaker
• Type tests:
are performed in a high voltage laboratory. Such tests
are performed on sample pieces of circuit breaker. These tests
are not performed on every piece of the circuit breaker.
11

12. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
CIRCUIT BREAKER SWITCHING AND ARC MODELLING
• the basic function of the circuit breaker refers to the change
from conductor to insulator at a certain voltage.
• Before interruption, the short circuit flows through the
circuit breaker arc channel.
• Because of non-zero resistance of the channel, the short
circuit current causes a voltage across the contacts of the
circuit breaker
• Thus both are voltage and arc current cross the zero value at
the same time instant
12

13. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Aim Of Digital Testing
05-09-2021 18:34 13
• Developing digital testing of HV circuit breakers. I.e. , a software
product for testing a model of such a device , once its characteristic
fingerprints are obtained from refined measurements during standard
tests.
• Digital offers a wide range of new possibilities for users ,
manufactures, standardizing bodies and test laboratories for fine
tuning circuit breaker abilities in relation with standard and real
power systems.

14. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Digital Testing
05-09-2021 18:34 14
A project started with the following parties :
• KEMA high power laboratories The Netherlands.
• Delft University of technology, The Netherlands.
• Siemens AG, Germany
• RWE Energy ,Germany

15. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Digital Testing
05-09-2021 18:34 15

16. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Measurement & data analysis
05-09-2021 18:34 16
• A tailor-made high-frequency measuring system was realized for this
purpose. This system consists a number of battery powered, single
channel 40MHz 12bit AD converters each storing data temporarily in
on board local RAM (256k samples each)
• The arc voltage is measured with standard broad band RCR type
voltage dividers. Current is measured with a special Rogowski coil.
After the remote RAM is filled, data is transmitted serially through
optical fibres to the processing unit in the command centre.

17. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Digital Testing
05-09-2021 18:34 17
• The system relies heavily on digital signal processing methods for
reconstructing the actual voltage and current signals from the raw
sensor output. This has to do with the specific frequency sensors and
with that corrections needed for the reproducible induced voltage and
capacitive current that distort the measured signals.
• It can measure post-arc current as small as 50 mA, microseconds after
the interruption of many tens of kA.
• After an extensive series of the most critical fault interruption duty for
circuit breakers, a test data-base from various types of commercially
available circuit breakers was set up.

18. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Digital Testing
05-09-2021 18:34 18
• With this experimental material, an empirical arc model based on
classical arc models was validated that gave very good coverage of the
observed processes.
• Failure or success was predicted correctly in more than 90% of the
cases by evaluating the characteristics of the arc behaviour with this
model.
• Digital offers a wide range of new possibilities for users,
manufactures, standardizing bodies and test laboratories for fine
tuning circuit breaker abilities in relation with standard and real
power systems

19. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Digital Testing
05-09-2021 18:34 19
Voltage and current measurement data

20. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
ARC-CIRCUIT INTERACTION SOFTWARE -
05-09-2021 18:34 20
• At the final stage of the realization of digital testing, measured arc
model parameters will be used as input for the arc model
• The integration of differential algebric equations (DAE) by means of
the backward differentiation formula (BDF) method has been chosen
in developing a new software package for electrical transients
computation.
• This new transient program, XTrans has been developed especially for
arc-circuit interaction studies. The program runs on a PC.
• This program is in use at several high-power and high-voltage
laboratories in the world.

21. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Advantages
• Evaluation of the relevance of future standards for different circuit breaker
technologies and extinguishing media.
• Estimation of circuit breaker’s interrupting limit.
• Reduction of full scale testing in high-power laboratories.
• Identification of network topologies that can pose special difficulties to a
circuit breaker.
• Acceleration at development of new circuit breaker design.
• Monitoring the aging process of circuit breaker in service.
• Expansion of services for high-power laboratories.
05-09-2021 18:34 21

22. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Dis-Advantages
• Testing in costlier
• Testing is time consuming
• A tough procedure
05-09-2021 18:34 22

23. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Application
• Influence of parallel capacitance
Table:- Influence for current transformer
05-09-2021 18:34 23

24. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Conclusion
• Digital testing gives precise information about the breaker, as
obtained from laboratory tests.
• This is useful for the development of future standards.
• Powerful possibilities with digital testing are created when arc model
and data analysis is coupled with a circuit analysis package.
• The performance of a circuit breaker whose finger prints are obtained
from real tests can be estimated in other circuits also.
05-09-2021 18:34 24

25. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
05-09-2021 18:34 25

26. National Education Society®
J N N College of Engineering, Shivamogga
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
05-09-2021 18:34 26