Cultivation of carnation

1. R.V.S.K.V.V GWALIOR (M.P.)
K.N.K. COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE
MANDSAUR (M.P.)
SESSION 2021-22
TITLE :- cultivation of carnation
Presented to: Presented by:
Dr. Anuj kumar. Mayank parihar
FLA precious year

2. Carnation
Botanical name : dianthus caryophyllus
Other name: divine flower, garden pink
Family : Caryophyllaceae
Chromosome no. : 2X=30
Origin : southern france

3. • The genus name 'Dianthus' is derived from the Greek words 'dios'
meaning 'God' or 'divine' and 'anthos' meaning 'flower' and hence
known as 'Divine Flower’.
• The species name 'caryophyllus' is derived from the Greek word
'caryan' meaning 'nut' and 'phyllon' meaning 'leaf’.
• Carnation is the national flower of Spain.

4. Importance and use
• Carnations are excellent for cut flowers, bedding, pots, borders, edging,
indoors and rock gardens.
• Carnations are often worn on special occasions, especially Mother's Day
and weddings.
• Carnations are also used on Teachers' Day to express admiration and
gratitude to teachers.
• Carnations are commercially utilized for extraction of perfume in France
and the Netherlands.
• The volatile oil of carnation contains 40% benzyl benzoate, 30% eugenol,
7% phenylethyl alcohol, 5% benzyl salicylate and 1% methyl salicylate.
About 100g of oil is obtained from 50okg of flowers.

5. Commercial carnation species
Carnation type Originated from
Perpetual carnation D. Caryophyllus × D.chinensis
Marguerite carnation D.Chinensis × D. Caryophyllus
Royal carnation Malmaison × perpetual carnation
Malmaison carnation Seedlings of perpetual carnation
Yellow carnation D.Knappi (2n = 20)

6. Carnation classified into four classes
Marguerite Border or picotee Malmaison Perpetual carnation
Annual Bushy type Massive habit Cut flower type
Seed propagation Symmetrical flower Fragrance flower Better quality
Fused petals Stem cutting
Low shelf life

7. Variety
IIHR: arka flame, arka tejas
Suitable for green house
White: white sim
Pink: pink sim
Scarlet: William sim and king cardinal
Yellow: king midas golden wonder
Tow toned variety:
Dairymaid, eastern wonder, pelargonium and peppermint
Tetraploid cultivars: sarafi
Longest shelf life: Roland
Resistance to fusarium wilt: albel and scarlet
Transgenic carnation: florigen company: moon dust
Colour violet purple

8. Soil and climate
• Temperature is one of the key factors that play an important role in growth
and flowering of carnation.
• Ooty jn TN and mid hills of Himachal Pradesh are ideal for round the year
flower production.
• carnation is a quantitative long day plant, it requires ample sunshine
(approximately 21.5 k lux for at least are ideal for round-the-year flower
production Since 8h in a day).
• The locations having a day temperature of 25°C and a night temperature of
10°C are good for high quality flower production of carnations.
• The optimum temperature for standard carnation is 18-23°C. Spray carnations
can tolerate slightly warmer temperature.
• The relative humidity inside the greenhouse should be approximately 50-60%.

9. • A rich sandy loam or loam soil is ideal for its successful cultivation. Soils with
higher amount of clay or silt should be amended by incorporating organic
matter or compost.
• Soil pH of 6-7 is ideal. The site chosen should be free from weeds, nematodes
or soil-borne pathogens. Pre-plant sterilization is beneficial. Sterilization with
steam, sun (solarization) or 5% formaline should be done.

10. Propogation
Tarminal cutting
Cutting planted
in portrays
Cutting planted
in protrays Rooted cutting
• Perpetual carnation are commercially multiplied vegetatively by shoot tip cutting.
• Thease carnation can also be propogate by leaf cutting by in vito propogation.
• Seed propogation is normally practice in annual carnation for planting in pot,
flower bed, well as the purpose of hybridization.
• Commercial propogators use micro-propogation (tissue culture) for producing
disease (Fusarium and virus) free mother plant .

11. Bed prepration
# The ideal bed
width and height are
75 -100 cm and 30
45 cm respectively.
The bed length
should not exceed
25 m. A path width
of 45 50o cm is
ideal.

12. Planting
Specing : 15cm x 10cm / 15cm ×15cm / 15cm × 20cm

13. Method of planting
F
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14. Nutrient requirements
Carnation requirements-
Primary nutrient:
Nitrogen : 250g
Phosphorus: 80g
Potas:200g
FYM: 5-10 kg
Secondary nutrient:
Calsium:125g
Magnisium:40g
• Application of 200 ppm N and 200 ppm K,O in the irrigation
water at every watering results in very good plant growth
and production of quality flowers.
• Spray 0.1% urea and potassium nitrate (KNO,) and 1 ppm
boron at 10 days interval till flowering.

15. Water management
• Praying of water through misting has to be done At least two weeks.
• After three weeks of planting, has to be adopted.

16. Special operations
Pinch your
carnations with
your fingers.
Single pinching: It is the removal of the main shoots below 5 pairs of leaves to
give about 4-5 lateral shoots which produce flowers. This is done for early crop.
Pinch-and-a-half: To extend the production time of carnation flowers, the pinch-
and-a-half method is practised. This involves single pinching of the main stem,
and later when the resulting shoots are long enough (8-10 cm or 30-35 days
after first pinch), half of the largest shoots on each plant are pinched. This
system reduces the amount of first crop and provides steady production of
flowers without any peak time.
Double pinch: It is the single pinching of the main shoots below 5 pairs of leaves
and again the pinching of all laterals when they are 8-10 cm in length at 2-3 pairs
of leaves approximately 30-35 days after first pinch. This is generally done for
late harvesting or delaying the flowering period. Generally 8-10 shoots are
retained.

17. Plant support
• In recent times, nets are used for supporting carnation plants.
• The netting can be done with GI wire of 16 gauge for length wise fixing and nylon threads for width.

18. Plant protection
• Pest management
1. Red spider mite – Suck the sap, affected leaves turns pale and
withered and shows severe webbing. Affected plants becomes
stunted and distorted.
control – Spray Dicofol @ 2 ml/l or Wettable sulphur @ 5g/lt. Mite
colony Nymphs and eggs Adult mite
2. Aphid – Suck the sap from the leaves of growing plants leading to
reduce plant vigour. Also transmit carnation ring spot and carnation
mosaic viruses.
Control- Spraying the plants with Thiomethoxam 1 ml/l or
Imidacloprid 17.8 SL 0.1 g/l tr. Aphid
3. Thrips- Suck the sap from the leaves, causing them to turn yellow
and then patchy white, often with black specks and slight wrinkling.
Control - Spray Dimethoate 30 EC @ 1 ml/l or Fenitrothion 50 EC
@ 3.5 ml/l Thrips infested flower

19. 4. Bud border – Larvae feed on leaves, flower buds and flowers.
Control – Spray Novaluron @ 3 ml/lit or Indoxacarp 14.5 SL @ 1 ml /l or
Fenitrothion 50 EC at 1.5ml/hl.
5. Nematod - Nematodes cause reduced root system, stunted shoot growth and
reduction in the number of blooms.
Control- Furadan, Aldicarp or Nemaphos @ 10gm/m2 A larva feeding on flower bud
Infested root

20. Disease management
• Fusarium wilt- Affected plants show foliage wilting, Rotting of the
stem below ground level .
• Control- Drenching the soil with Benomyl (0.1%) or Ridomil (0.2%) .
Biological control with Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces spp,
Trichoderma viride.
• Stem & Root rot:- Show withering and yellowing of foliage, leaf
death, external browning of stems and internal browning at nodes.
• Control- Drenching with Benomyl @ 2.5g/lit

21. 3. Alterneria leaf spot- pathogen causes Spot on the Leaves and stem and
The affected leaves Wither and die Prematurely.
Control- foliar spray Dithane M-45@ 0.2% Or carbedazim @ 0.1%
4. Grey Mold:- Affects the petals. Initially a wet tan coloured blotch
develops on petal tips which spread rapidly to produce a fluffy grey mould.
Control- Benlate @ 0.1%
5.Bacterial wilt
6.Bud rot
7.Rust
8.Black spot

22. Physiological Disorders
1.Calyx Splitting:-
Irregular or fluctuating temperature.
Closer spacing.
low boron levels enhance calyx splitting.
Spray borax @ 0.1% and place a rubber band around
the calyx of the flower which has started opening.

23. Harvesting
• Standard Type of flower harvested when Their outer petal starts to elongate outside
calyx. (Paint brus stage).
• Spray type glower harvested With 2-3 open flower on each stem.
• Standerd type carnation– 300-350 Flower/m2 ( 8-10 flower per stem)
• Spray carnation- 250 flower per square meter.
Standard type
Standard type Spray type

24. POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY
Harvesting Grading
Striping Bunching Packaging

25. Packaging
Carnations packed in
corrugated cardboard
boxes(25 flower). The
boxes should be well-
insulated. Newspaper
layers are placed
between the layers to
maintain high
humidity and then
when the container is
filled, an insulated
layer of paper is put
across the box to
cover the flowers
completely.

26. Reference
• Hand book of horticulture – Dr K.L chadda
• Glaustas horticulture – P Muthukumar, R Selvakumar
• Floriculture at a glance- Desh Raj
• https://www.slideshare.net
• Google

27. Thank you