2. WILLIAM GODWIN
Most notable for his work on political injustice
called An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice
In the work, he explains political injustices
using three authorities :
COERCION
CONVICTION
CONFIDENCE
Noted as first anarchist
Part of the British radical movement at the
end of the 18 th century
3. Godwin
An Enquiry
Concerning
Political Justice
British
4. WILLIAM GODWIN
Most notable for his work on political injustice
called An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice
In the work, he explains political injustices
using three authorities :
COERCION
CONVICTION
CONFIDENCE
Noted as first anarchist
Part of the British radical movement at the
end of the 18 th century
5. WHAT IS ANARCHY?
Anarchism is generally defined as the political philosophy
which holds the state to be immoral, or alternatively as
opposing authority in the conduct of human relations.
Anarchists advocate stateless societies based on non-
hierarchical voluntary associations
6. AUTHORIT Y ONE - COERCION
Coercion = bad
Lacking of free
will
No internal
motivation
Punishment –
Reward system
„where i do that which is not prescribed to me by my private
judgement, merely on account of the mischievous consequences that
I forsee will be annexed to my omission, by the arbitrary
interference of some voluntary being.‟ (119)
7. AUTHORIT Y TWO - CONFIDENCE
Confidence = good
or bad, dependent
on act
Allows us to be
taught, learn how to
do something, not
follow
Needs self-interest
Mentor and Mentee
„that it should be fitter and more beneficial, all things
considered, that the function to be performed should be
performed by another person, than that it should be performed
by me.‟ (119)
8. AUTHORIT Y THREE - CONVICTION
Conviction = good
Internal motivation
Own opinion
Conviction + Confidence
= Reason
„where we are directed, not by the precarious and mutable
interference of another, but by a recollection of the
intrinsic and indefeasible tendency of the action to be
performed.‟ (119)
9. PAULO FREIRE
Notable work Pedagogy of the Oppressed
Published in Portuguese in 1960’s
Attacks :
banking concept,
Supports :
Problem posing
Intentionality
Looks at education
10. BANKING CONCEPT
Deposit and withdrawal
No thinking
Essentially memorization
“his task is to "fill" the
students with the
contents of his narration
-- contents which are
detached from
reality, disconnected
from the totality that
engendered them and
could give them
significance. Words are
emptied of their
concreteness and become
a hollow, alienated, and
alienating verbosity.” (1)
11. PROBLEM POSING
Common opinion
Learning for life
Encouraged learning
Stops a person from being
held back
Essentially thinking
“those truly committed to liberation must reject the banking
concept in its entirety, adopting instead a concept of women and men
as conscious beings, and consciousness as consciousness intent upon
the world. They must abandon the educational goal of deposit-
making and replace it with the posing of the problems of human
beings in their relations with the world.” (6)
12. INTENTIONALIT Y
‘Thinking is always thinking of something’
Thinking means your free from banking concept
Closely related to problem posing, both are freedom
“it epitomizes the special characteristic of consciousness: being
conscious of, not only as intent on objects but as turned in upon itself
in a Jasperian split" --consciousness as consciousness of
consciousness.” (6)
14. COERCION/CONFIDENCE
VS.
BANKING CONCEPT
Reward Punishment
Not your own thinking
Being a follower
Generality
Essentially a boy band…
15. CONVICTION/CONFIDENCE
VS.
PROBLEM POSING
Opinion
Thinking for yourself
Thinking is training
Thinking is ding
Reasoning
Essentially punk rock…
16. WHAT DOES THIS ALL LEAD TOO?
Simple answer?
Liberation