This document discusses various solid-liquid separation methods including decantation, evaporation, and filtration. Decantation involves separating solid and liquid components of a mixture using gravity, while evaporation removes a soluble solid by heating and vaporizing the solvent. Filtration passes a liquid through a filter medium to separate solid particles. These methods are used in applications like separating cream from milk, obtaining salt from evaporating water, and filtering particles from recycled water.

1. Solid-Liquid
Separation Methods

2. LET’S LEARN
The substances of every mixture possess certain
physical properties which make each one distinct from the
other. It is easier to separate these substances especially their
properties are entirely different from one another.

3. Solid – Liquid Separation Methods
Some of the common separation methods used in
separating solids and liquid are the following:
1. Decantation – In this process, the solid and liquid components of a
mixture settle down and separated by gravity. Once the components are
finally separated, the liquid is poured off while the solid is left behind.
Decantation can also be used to separate two immiscible liquids
such as oil and water. In this case, the heavier liquid settles at the bottom
while the lighter rises to the top and gets poured off.

4. EXAMPLE OF DECANTATION

5. 2. Evaporation – Is the process mostly used for separating a mixture of a
soluble solid and solvent (known as solution). In this process, the solution is
heated until the solvent evaporates or turns or turns into gas and the solid
residue is left behind.

6. 3. Filtration – Is a process of separating solid substances from a liquid
through the use of filter paper or any cloth that can be used as a filtering
medium. The particles which remained on the filter paper serve as residue,
and the water which passed through the filter paper serves as the filtrate.

7. Benefits of Using Solid-Liquid Separation
Methods in Making Useful Products
• Decantation is used in searching for gold in rivers. People use pans to
scoop up and twirl around a mixture of sand, mud, and gravel to find tiny
particles of gold.

8. • Decantation used in separating cream from milk. Since cream is less
dense than milk, it settles at the top and can be easily poured off.

9. Through decantation, plasma can be removed from the blood using
centrifuge. A centrifuge is like an extra-fast spin dryer. It spins a liquid so
quickly that the particles separate out.

10. • Salt is collected from lakes and marshes through evaporation. Water
evaporates in these areas due to the wind and the sun, leaving the salt
behind.

11. • Filtration is one of the processes involved in water recycling. It is done
through the use of zeolites or filters that have tiny holes which allow the
removal of microscopic particles from the water.

12. Filtration can be done also with the use of activated carbon or charcoal,
sand and gravel.

13. THANK
YOU!