powerpoint presentation

1. Chance Music
Ms. G. Martin

2. Chance, also known as Aleatoric music (originated from a Latin word
“alea” which means “dice”), is music in which either composition or method of
performances determined by elements of chance or unpredictability. Music is
composed by the random selection of pitches and rhythms. Performers are
given certain amount of freedom with regard to the sequencing and repetition
of particular parts throughout a piece of music. It is often found in some
professional opera choruses.
Chance music can be divided into three groups:
1. the use of random procedures to produce a determinate, fixed
score
2. mobile form
3. indeterminate notation, including graphic notation and texts

3. What is the difference between electronic and chance
music?
▪ Electronic music uses a electronic device such as amplifiers,
speakers and etc. to produce music while the chance music uses
the sound of nature that’s why it is called chance. ... The electronic
musical instruments were used to reproduce existing music and for
public performance instead of producing a new song.

4. How can you use chance in music?
▪ Tap on the surface you choose in different places and
listen for three different sounds, a low bass sound, a
middle sound, and a high sound that you like. 2. Once
you have chosen your sounds, roll the dice 24 times.
Write down the numbers you roll.

5. Composers of Chance Music

6. Charles Ives
Born: October 20, 1874
Died: May 19, 1954

7. Charles Ives was a Pulitzer Prize-winning composer who
had a non-traditional style. He was born in Danbury, Connecticut,
on October 20, 1874. His father, George was a famed bandmaster,
music teacher, and acoustician who experimented with sound of
quarter notes. Charles Ives later started his own insurance business
while composing on the side. Though his creative vision was often
not initially understood, he later found great acclaim. He believes
that all sound is potential music, and he was somewhat of an
iconoclast and occasionally a parodist.
iconoclast – a person who attacks settled beliefs or institutions
- a person who destroys religious images or opposes their
veneration
Parodist - someone who acts speaks or writes in an amusing way.

8. His popular works include The Unanswered Question, Central Park
in the Dark, Concord Sonata, and Symphony No. 3 which gave him
the Pulitzer Prize.
His piano Sonata No. 2, Concord, Mass, 1840-1860 (commonly
known as the Concord Sonata) is one of his best-known and most
highly regarded pieces. A typical performance of the piece lasts
around 45 minutes.

9. John Cage
Born: September 5, 1912
Died: August 12, 1992

10. John Milton Cage is an American avant-garde composer whose
inventive compositions and unorthodox ideas profoundly influenced mid-
20th century music. He was a pioneer of aleatoric - or chance-controlled –
music.
To Cage, there is no such thing as silence. Music is a succession of sounds
and the composer the "organizer of sounds." Historically, music has been a
communication of feelings, but Cage argues that all sounds have this
potential for conveying feeling in the mechanical and electronic sense.
His popular works include Greek Ode (involves the use of voice
and piano), Three Easy Pieces (uses piano), A Chant with Claps (uses voices),
Tripled-paced No.2 (makes use of prepared piano), Prelude for Six
Instruments in a Minor (uses flute, bassoon and trumpet), Black Mountain ( a
multi-media event), and the famous 4’33”.

11. Thank You!