3. YOU ARE IN A CABIN AND
IT IS PITCH BLACK. YOU
HAVE ONE MATCH ON
YOU,WHICH DO YOU LIGHT
FIRST, THE NEWSPAPER,
THE LAMP, THE CANDLE,
OR THE FIREPLACE?
4. THERE WAS AN OLD MAN WHO LIVED
BY HIMSELF. HE FELT TIRED SO HE
WNT AWAY IN THE BATHROOM,WENT
TO THE TOILET AND THEN TURNED
THE LIGHT OFF BEFORE GOING TO
BED. THE NEXT MORNING THERE
WAS A NEWSFLASH ON THE RADIO
THAT A BOAT CRASHED.THE MAN
OPENED THE WINDOW ANDJUMPED
OUT. WHY?
5. Do a philosophical reflection on a concrete
situation from a holistic perspective
PPT11/12-Ic-1.4
9. PHILOSOPHICAL METHOD
is the study of how to do the
philosophy.
A common view among
philosophy is that philosophy is
distinguish by the ways that
philosophers follow in addressing
philosophical questions.
14. Edmund Husserl
It does not imply a contrast
between the appearance and
underlying reality between
the phenomenon and a
‘noumenon’ or ‘thing-in-itself’
24. Jean Paul Sartre
Emphasizes free individual choice
Argued that consciousness ‘being –
for-itself’ is such that is always free
to choose(though not free not to
choose)
25. Jean Paul Sartre
To be human, to be
conscious, is to be free to
imagine, free to choose and
responsible for one’s life.
26. SOCRATIC METHOD
Is the conviction that some
significant degree, philosophical
problems, puzzle and are noted in
language and can be solved or
avoided by sound understanding of
language and pretend (Ludwig
Wittgenstien)
27. 4. POSTMODERNISM :ON CULTURES
(diverse culture world philosophy)
has come into vogue as the name
for a rather diffuse family of ideas
and trends that is significant respect,
rejects challenge or aims to
supersede “modernity”
28. Post modernist
Believes that humanity should
come at truth beyond the rational
to the non-rational elements of
human nature, including the
spiritual
30. 5.LOGICAL AND CRITICAL
THINKING
serves as path to freedom from
half-truths and deceptions,
critical thinking as distinguishes
fact and opinions or personal
feelings.
31. VALIDITY AND SOUNDNESS-
if the two premises are
constructed logically, then the
conclusion must follow the
deductive argument is valid a
deductive argument is sound if
and only if it is valid and all
premises are actually true.
34. 6.FALLACIES-
a defect in an argument other than its
having fake premises. To detect
fallacies, it is required to examine the
argument’s context. A fallacy is a kind
of error in reasoning
35. Appeal to pity ( argumentum and
misericordiam)
a specific kind of appeal to
emotion in which someone tries to
win support for an argument or
idea by exploiting his or her
opponents feeling of pity.
36. Appeal to ignorance (
argumentum ad ignorantium)
- whatever has not been
proved false must be true, and
vise versa.
37. Division
– one reasons logically that
something true of a thing must
also be true of all or some of
its parts
38. Against the person (argumentum
ad hominem)
- this fallacy attempts to link
the validity of the premise to a
characteristic or belief of the
person advocating the
premise.
39. Appeal to force (argumentum ad
baculum)
an argument where force,
coercion or the threat of
force, is given a
justification for a
conclusion
40. Appeal to the people (argumentum ad
populum)
- an argument that appeals
or exploits peoples, vanities,
desire for esteem, and
anchoring on popularity.
41. False cause (post hoc)
- this fallacy referred to as
coincidental correlation,
or correlation not
causation.
42. Hasty Generalization –)
- one commits errors if one
reaches an inductive
generalization based on
insufficient evidence.
Begging the question (Petitio
pricipii)
43. Begging the question (Petitio pricipii)
this is a type of fallacy inn
which the proposition to be
proven is assumed implicitly
or explicitly in the premise.