The document summarizes the Big Bang theory of the origin and evolution of the universe. It describes the four key stages: 1) Singularity, where all space, time, matter and energy were condensed into a single point; 2) Inflation, where space rapidly expanded faster than the speed of light; 3) Nucleosynthesis, where the cooling universe allowed protons and neutrons to fuse into the first atomic nuclei; and 4) Recombination, where electrons combined with nuclei to form neutral atoms allowing light to travel freely. The Big Bang theory is supported by scientific evidence that the universe is expanding from an initial hot, dense state approximately 13.8 billion years ago.

1. HOW DO OTHER
PEOPLE EXPLAIN
THE ORIGIN OF THE
UNIVERSE?

2. BELIEF
AND
STORIES

3. DO YOU THINK
THERE IS PROOF
THAT ANY OF
THESE STORIES
OR COSMOLOGIES

4. BIG BANG
MODEL
*George Lemaître
*Edwin Hubble

5. SCIENCE BRINGS
FORTH A
COSMOLOGICAL
THEORY, NOT
FROM BELIEF,

6. SCIENTIFIC
EVIDENCE THAT
THE UNIVERSE
ONCE BEGAN TO
EXPAND AND
CONTINUES TO

7. THIS THEORY WAS
EVENTUALLY
CALLED THE BIG
BANG THEORY OR
BIG BANG MODEL.

8. 4 KEY STAGES
OF THE BIG
BANG MODEL

9. 1.
SINGULARIT
Y

10. THE UNIVERSE
MAY HAVE BEGUN
AS AN INFINITELY
HOT AND DENSE
INITIAL

11. A POINT WITH
ALL OF SPACE,
TIME, MATTER
AND ENERGY.

12. THIS MEANS THAT
THERE WAS
NOWHERE, WHEN OR
WHAT. THERE IS NO
SPACE AROUND THE
SINGULARITY – JUST

13. 2.
INFLATIO
N

14. ALL OF IT THEN
BEGAN TO
RAPIDLY EXPAND
IN A PROCESS
KNOWN AS

15. SPACE ITSELF
EXPANDED
FASTER THAN
THE SPEED OF

16. 3.
NUCLEOSYNTH
ESIS

17. THE UNIVERSE
COOLED DOWN
AS IT
EXPANDED.

18. AN EXCESS OF MATTER
(ELECTRONS, PROTONS,
NEUTRONS AND OTHER
PARTICLES) SOMEHOW
CAME TO BE IN A
HIGHLY ENERGETIC
“PLASMA SOUP.”

19. PHOTONS (LIGHT
PARTICLES) WERE
BEING
SCATTERED
EVERYWHERE IN

20. PROTONS AND
NEUTRONS CAME
TOGETHER TO FORM
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
NUCLEI BY
NUCLEOSYNTHESIS

21. 4.
RECOMBINATI
ON

22. MUCH LATER ON,
ELECTRONS STARTED
TO BIND TO IONIZED
PROTONS AND NUCLEI
FORMING NEUTRAL
ATOMS IN A PROCESS
CALLED

23. PARTICLES NO
LONGER
SCATTERED
PHOTONS, SO
LIGHT AND ENERGY
MOVED FREELY

24. THERE ARE SEVERAL
LIMITATIONS AND
MISCONCEPTIONS
ASSOCIATED WITH
DISCUSSING THE BIG
BANG THEORY.

25. KEEP IN MIND
THE
FOLLOWING:

26. 1. THE BIG BANG
REFERS TO THE
VERY START OF THE
WHOLE PROCESS
CALLED THE BIG

27. 2. THE BIG BANG
WAS NOT AN
EXPLOSION THAT
CARRIED MATTER
OUTWARD FROM A

28. IT REFERS TO
THE RAPID
INFLATION OF
SPACE ITSELF.

29. 3. THE THEORY
DOES NOT EXPLAIN
WHAT CAUSED IT
OR WHERE THE
SINGULARITY CAME

30. BUT THE BIG
BANG MODEL
DOES NOT NEED A
CAUSE TO BE A
VALID THEORY.

31. IT SIMPLY NEEDS
TO SHOW THAT
OBSERVATIONS AND
EVIDENCE
VALIDATE ITS
ASSUMPTIONS.

32. THE MODEL IS A
WORK IN
PROGRESS THAT
WE ARE STILL
FINDING
EVIDENCE FOR