MICROSCOP

1. Mikroskop

2. Definisi
• Kata Mikroskop berasal dari bahasa latin,
yaitu micro (artinya: kecil) dan scopein
(artinya: melihat). Jadi mikroskop adalah alat
bantu untuk mengamati benda-benda yang
sangat kecil (mikroskopik).

3. Sejarah
• Mikroskop pertama kali ditemukan oleh
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-
1723) dari Belanda
• Kemudian disempurnakan kembali oleh
Robert Hooke
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek
1632-1723
Robert Hooke
1635-1703
Mikroskop
Hooke
Mikroskop
Leeuwenhoeke

4. Jenis-jenis Mikroskop

5. Jenis mikroskop
• Berdasarkan sumber pembentukan
bayangan, ada 2 jenis mikroskop:
• 1. Mikroskop cahaya
 Menggunakan cahaya (cahaya matahari
atau cahaya lampu) sebagai sumber
pembentukan bayangan.

6. 2 Jenis mikroskop cahaya
• 1. Mikroskop Monokuler (mono=satu)
 Memiliki hanya 1 lensa okuler
• 2. Mikroskop Binokuler
 Memiliki 2 lensa okuler untuk melihat
mata kanan dan kiri bersamaan
Binokuler
Monokuler

7. Mikroskop elektron
• Mikroskop elektron diperkenalkan
pertama kali oleh ilmuwan Jerman,
Ernst Ruska pada tahun 1930.
• Dengan mikroskop ini, kita bisa melihat
benda kecil 250.000 kali jauh lebih besar
daripada menggunakan mikroskop
cahaya.
• Mikroskop ini sangat penting
penggunaannya dalam bidang
kedokteran karena mampu melihat virus
dengan ukuran sekecil apapun.

8. Body Tube
Nose Piece
Objective
Lenses
Stage
Clips
Diaphragm
Light Source
Ocular Lens
Arm
Stage
Coarse Adj.
Fine Adjustment
Base
Skip to Magnification Section

9. Body Tube
• The body tube holds the objective
lenses and the ocular lens at the proper
distance
Diagram

10. Nose Piece
• The Nose Piece holds the objective
lenses and can be turned to increase
the magnification
Diagram

11. Objective Lenses
• The Objective Lenses increase
magnification (usually from 10x to 40x)
Diagram

12. Stage Clips
• These 2 clips hold the slide/specimen in
place on the stage.
Diagram

13. Diaphragm
• The Diaphragm controls the amount of
light on the slide/specimen
Turn to let more light in or to
make dimmer.
Diagram

14. Light Source
• Projects light upwards through the
diaphragm, the specimen and the
lenses
• Some have lights, others have mirrors
where you must move the mirror to
reflect light
Diagram

15. Ocular Lens/Eyepiece
• Magnifies the specimen image
Diagram

16. Arm
• Used to support the microscope when
carried. Holds the body tube, nose
piece and objective lenses
Diagram

17. Stage
• Supports the slide/specimen
Diagram

18. Coarse Adjustment Knob
• Moves the stage up and down (quickly)
for focusing your image
Diagram

19. Fine Adjustment Knob
• This knob moves the stage SLIGHTLY
to sharpen the image
Diagram

20. Base
• Supports the microscope
Diagram

21. Magnification

22. Magnification
• To determine your magnification…you
just multiply the ocular lens by the
objective lens
• Ocular 10x Objective 40x:10 x 40 = 400
Objective Lens have
their magnification
written on them.
Ocular lenses usually magnifies by 10x
So the object is 400 times “larger”

23. Caring for a Microscope
• Clean only with a soft cloth/tissue
• Make sure it’s on a flat surface
• Don’t bang it
• Carry it with 2 HANDS…one on the arm
and the other on the base

24. Carry a Microscope Correctly

25. Using a Microscope
• Start on the lowest magnification
• Don’t use the coarse adjustment knob
on high magnification…you’ll break the
slide!!!
• Place slide on stage and lock clips
• Adjust light source (if it’s a mirror…don’t
stand in front of it!)
• Use fine adjustment to focus

26. References
• http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n17/history/neurons1_i.htm
• Google Images
• http://science.howstuffworks.com/light-microscope1.htm

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