Contributors and Definitions and Scope of Scientific Management

1. Contributors of Scientific
Management
Marcel John M. Velasco
Master in Public Administration

2. Scientific Management
• a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflows.
• Its main objective is improving economic efficiency, especially labor
productivity.

3. Frederick Winslow Taylor
“In the past the man has been first; in the future the system must be
first… The first object of any good system must be that of developing
first class men.”

4. Published Works of Frederick Taylor
• Piece Rate
• In this article, Taylor suggested changing wage system in order to
motivate the ones who work harder.

5. Published Works of Frederick Taylor
• SHOP MANAGEMENT
• MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHY: emphasized the necessity of high wage
and low cost per unit, and therefore the manager-
workman/workwoman collaboration in the selection and training of
the personnel in compliance with scientific methods

6. Published Works of Frederick Taylor
• PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
• By optimizing and simplifying jobs, productivity would increase the
quality of a working place is determined by the quality of its
employees to a great extent.

7. Principles of Scientific Management
• The replacement of rule-of-thumb work methods with methods
based on a scientific study of the required tasks.
• Scientifically select, train, and develop each employee rather
leaving them to train themselves.
• Work with the employees to make sure the defined methods are
properly.
• Divide work nearly equally between managers and workers, so
managers apply scientific management principles to planning
the workers perform the tasks.

8. SCIENCE, NOT RULE OFTHUMB
• Replace working by "rule of thumb," or simple habit and common
sense, and instead use the scientific method to study work and
determine the most efficient way to perform specific tasks.

9. THE DEVELOPMENT OF EACH MAN TO HIS
GREATEST EFFICIENCY AND PROFICIENCY
• Rather than simply assign workers to just any job, match workers to
their jobs based on capability and motivation, and train them to work
at maximum efficiency

10. COOPERATION, NOT INDIVIDUALISM
• Monitor worker performance, and provide instructions and
supervision to ensure that they're using the most efficient ways of
working as a UNIT.

11. DIVISION OF LABOR BETWEEN MANAGER
ANDWORKERS
• Allocate the work between managers and workers so that the
managers spend their time planning and training, allowing the
workers to perform their tasks efficiently.

12. The Influence of Scientific Management
• Henry Ford
• hired Frederick Taylor to observe his production line and workers to improve
production times. It worked! The system that Ford implemented shaved off a
whopping 10 hours off manufacturing time from 12 hours and 8 minutes all the
way down to 93 minutes total.

13. The Influence of Scientific Management
• Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
• developed what were known as the motion studies once they learned of
Taylor’s method for studying production timing. Eventually the two methods
were put together to create the Time and Motion Study that became intrinsic
for the efficiency improvement movement. Lillian specifically introduced
psychology to management studies.

14. • Joseph Juran
• worked in a world where Taylor’s methods were popular. He is credited with
adding the human element to the concept of quality management.

15. • Henry Gantt
• worked to develop scientific management further with his specialized
work management chart referred to as the Gantt chart.

16. • Morris Cooke
• worked closely with Frederick Taylor on scientific management
concepts.
• In fact, he ended up writing his own book titled Industrial
Management.