BECOMING A MEMBER OF SOCIETY

1. CHAPTER 4
BECOMING A MEMBER OF SOCIETY

2. ENCULTURATION/ SOCIALIZATION
ENCULTURATION
-Is the process which all individuals undergo throughout hos whole life; it is both a conscious
and an unconscious procedure starting from birth up until to death.
Furthermore, as being born as a part of society, people are taught about how an individual
should act in a given situation:
VALUES are usually abstract and intangible while NORMS are more specific.
In addition, each individual in the society has its own status and roles.
STATUS – is generally defined as a position or rank.
Status is divided intoTWO:
a. Achieved status- obtained through one’s own achievement or accomplishment.
b. Ascribed status- obtained not through achievement but rather through birth.
ROLE is what the individual is expected to do given his status.

3. CONFORMITY/ DEVIANCE
SOCIAL CONTROL is the process of creating and maintaining stability.
Furthermore, the idea of rewards and punishment are used in social control:
REWARDS are given to individual who exemplified the values and follow the norms,
usually those who conform.
PUNISHMENT are given to those individuals who deviate from social norms.
CONFORMITY- behavior which involve change in order to fit in.
DEVIANCE- behavior that violates social norms.

4. Robert Merton- famous sociologist conceptualized a theory called
STRUCTURAL STRAINTHEORY
- Explain the behavior that don’t satisfy the norms of society.
5 classification of people according to Robert Merton:
1. conformists- people that follow the norms and also trust the system which
would help them achieve their goals.
2. Ritualists- people that reject or do not believe in the goals of the society.
3. Innovators- people that accept the society’s goal however reject the ways on
how to get to the society’s goal.
4. Retreatists- people who reject both the goals and means of the society which
make them deviant.
5. Rebels- people who are not satisfied with the current system but instead they
are the ones who want to create a new goal and means for the society which
make them deviant.

5. HUMAN DIGNITY, RIGHTS ANDTHE
COMMON GOOD
HUMAN RIGHTS- are legal, social and ethical principles that consider the human
person as deserving of liberties and protection by virtue of his or her human dignity.
HUMAN DIGNITY- is an intangible idea of one’s self respect, self esteem and self
regard.
30 BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS LISTED INTHE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN
RIGHTS CREATED BYTHE UNITED NATIONS:
1. WE ARE BORN FREE AND EQUAL.We are all born free. We all have our own
thoughts and ideas.We should all be treated in the same way.
2. DON’T DISCRIMINATE.These rights belong to everybody whatever our
differences.

6. 3.THE RIGHTTO LIFE.We all have the right to life and to live in freedom and safety.
4. NO SLAVERY. – past and present. Nobody has any right to make us a slave.We cannot make anyone our slave.
5. NOTORTURE. Nobody has any right to hurt us or to torture us.
6.WE ALL HAVETHE SAME RIGHTTO USETHE LAW. I am a person just like you.
7. WE ARE ALL PROTECTED BYTHE LAW.
8. FAIRTREATMENT BY FAIR COURTS.
9. NO UNFAIR DETAINMENT.
10.THE RIGHTTOTRIAL
11. INNOCENT UNTIL PROVEN GUILTY.
12.THE RIGHTTO PRIVACY.
13. FREEDOMTO MOVE.
14.THE RIGHTTO ASSYLUM.
15.THE RIGHTTO A NATIONALITY.
16. MARRIAGEAND FAMILY.
17.THE RIGHTTO OWNTHINGS.

7. 19. FREETO SAYWHATYOUWANT.
20. MEETWHEREYOU LIKE.
21.THE RIGHTTO DEMOCRACY.
22.THE RIGHTTO SOCIAL SECURITY.
23. WORKER’S RIGHT.
24.THE RIGHTTO PLAY
25.THE RIGHTTOA GOOD LIFE.
26.THE RIGHTTO EDUCATION.
27. CULTUREAND COPYRIGHT.
28. A FREE AND FAIRWORLD.
29. OUR RESPONSIBILITIES.
30. NOBODYCANTAKEAWAYTHESE RIGHTSAND FREEDOM FROM US.

8. PROMOTING AND PROTECTINGTHE COMMON GOOD
- Is the supreme goal of the government or the state.
COMMON GOOD
- Is the sum total of the conditions of social life which enable people to enjoy basic
human rights as a member of the society.