Science 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its Characteristics
Bacteriophage ppt
1. GOVT.PG ART’S AND SCIENCE
COLLEGE RATLAM (M.P)
2017-2018
MS.c 2nd SEMESTER
(MICROBIOLOGY)
PAPER – VIRUS
SUBBMITTED TO: SUBBMITTED
BY:
KANUPRIYA MANORAMA
MAM CHAUDHARY
3. INDEX
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
FEATURES
STRUCTURES
BIOCHEMICAL NATURE
CLASSIFICATION
MORPHOLOGICAL TYPES
MULTIPLICATION CYCLE
LYTIC CYCLE
LYSOGENY CYCLE
REFERENCE
4. INTRODUCTION
• A virus that infects bacteria and Replicates
within a bacterium.
• The word Bacteriophage Derived from
"bacteria" and phagein, "to devour".
• It may be Single or double-stranded
• They are Surrounded by protein capsid.
• Genomes may encode as few as four
genes, and as many as hundreds of genes.
5. HISTORY
A century ago, Hankin (1896) reported that the
waters of the Ganges and Jumna rivers in India
had marked antibacterial action (against Vibrio
cholerae, restrict epidemic) which could pass
through a very fine porcelain filter; this activity was
destroyed by boiling.
Edward Twort (1915) and Felix d'Herelle (1917)
independently reported isolating filterable entities
capable of destroying bacterial cultures and of
producing small cleared areas on bacterial lawns.
It was F d'Herelle, a Canadian working at the
Pasteur Institute in Paris, who gave them the
name "bacteriophages"-- using the suffix phage
(1922).
6. FEATURES
Most abundently found
virus species.
Specific bacteriophage
attacks specific Bacteria
and Archea.
Their genomes can be
highely mosaic.
They are excellent
examples of optimisation
of genetic information to
carry out complex
functions.
9. BIOCHEMICAL NATURE
1)NUCLEIC ACID:
- Center DNA/ RNA
- DNA/ RNA Bacteriophage may have double or
single stranded
- Linear or Circular
2) PROTEIN :
- Nucleic acid is covered by a protein coat called
Capsid . The no. of protomers may differ from types.
3)LIPIDS :
- All Enveloped Bacteriophage Have Lipids,
Phospholipids ,Glycolipid.
13. MORPHOLOGICAL TYPES
On The basis of ELECTRON
MICROSCOPE STUDIES, BRADLEY
(1967) has described the following
six Morphological types of
Bacateriophage
14. MORPHOLOGICAL TYPES
1) TYPE A: Hexagonal head , Rigid tail,
EG: dsRNA T2,T4
2) TYPE B: Hexagonal head, Lack
contractile
sheath, Flexible tail.
EG: dsDNA T1T3T5
3) TYPE C: Hexagonal head, Contractile
sheath
absent. Tail maybe shorter.
16. MORPHPOLOGICAL
TYPES
4) TYPE D: Head made of capsomeare,
Tail abesnt
EG:ssDNA
5) TYPE E: Head is made of small capsomer,
Tail absent
EG: ssRNA PHAGE
6)TYPE F: Filamentous phage, Lipid envelope,
Attack some
plant.
EG: ssDNA PHAGE
17. MULTIPLICATION CYCLE
Multiplication cycle of Bacteriophage
complete in 5 steps:
1) ADSORPTION
2) PENETRATION
3) SYNTHESIS OF PHAGE
COMPONENTS
4) MATURATION & ASSEMBLY
5) RELESAS
19. LYTIC CYCLE
The viral genome does not integrated with
host DNA.
The host DNA is often hydrolysed in the lytic
phage .
The virus is virulent.
The host cell under goes lysis.
A no. Of virus particle are liberated when
the host cell become lysed.
20. LYSOGENYE CYCLE
The viral genome or its complementery
DNA gets integrated with the host DNA.
The host DNA donot hydrolysed. During
lysogenic phage.
The celluar machinery of the host is only
slightly diturbed.
The host cell does not get lysed.
Virus particle are liberated rarely.
21.
22. REFERENCE
Luria,E.E,Darnell,J.E.Jr.,Baltimore,D.and
Campbell,A.(1978).General Viorology III ed. Johan
Wiley and Sons. New york.
Madigan, M.T.,Martinko,J.M. and Parker, J.(2000)
Brock Biology of microorganism, Prentice hall
International inc.
Brown ,T.A. (1999). Genome .IV.ed . John Wiley
and sons.
Black,J.G.(2002) Microbiology- Principles and
Exploration. V ed . John Wiley &sons
Prescott,L.M, Harley,J.P. and Klein, D.A.(2000)
Microbiology VIII ed.John Wiley & sons,inc