MICOBACTERIAS NO TUBERCULOSAS MICOBACTERIAS ATÍPICAS MICOBACTERIAS AMBIENTALES DE CRECIMIENTO LENTO

1. UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA
FACULTAD DE MEDICINA
DEPARTAMENTO DE MICROBIOLOGIA
ASPECTOS MICROBIOLOGICOS DE LAS
MICOBACTERIAS
2013

2. INFECCIONES CAUSADAS POR
MICOBACTERIAS DIFERENTES A LAS
DEL COMPLEJO M. tuberculosis
“de crecimiento lento”
Leonardo Favio Jurado Zambrano
MICOBAC- UN
2013

3. MNT DE LENTO CRECIMIENTO
Mycobacterium ulcerans
Mycobacterium marinum
Mycobacterium haemophilum
Mycobacterium kansasii
Mycobacterium scrofulaceum
Mycobacterium xenopi
Mycobacterium celatum
Mycobacterium genavense
Mycobacterium simiae
Mycobacterium gordonae
Mycobacterium malmoense
Mycobacterium lentiflavum
Mycobacterium shimoidei
Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum
Mycobacterium szulgai
Mycobacterium asiaticum
Mycobacterium gastri

4. Mycobacterium ulcerans
MacCallum et al. 1950, species.
Type strain: strain ATCC 19423 = NCTC 10417.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S
rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AB548725.
Etymology: L. part. adj. ulcerans, making sore,
causing to ulcerate.
References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and
SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial
Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420.
[MacCALLUM (P.), TOLHURST (J.C.) and BUCKLE
(G.). In: FENNER (F.): The siginificance of the
incubation period in infectious
diseases. MedicalJournal of Australia, 1950, 2, 813-
818.]

5. Mycobacterium ulcerans
• Posee un tiempo de generación largo, su
temperatura de crecimiento esta alrededor
de 30 grados centígrados.
• Capacidad excepcional para producir una
toxina llamada micolactona (plásmido
pMUM 001).
• Es la única sustancia identificada como
factor de virulencia.
NAT REV MICRO VOL 7; JAN 2009.

6. Mycobacterium ulcerans
ULCERA DE BURULI
• Inicialmente descrita en Australia, bastante
prevalente en África.
• La infección de la piel causa extensas lesiones
que comprometen el tejido celular
subcutáneo. Produce necrosis coagulativa.
• Se ha encontrado posible transmisión
favorecida por insectos.

9. NAT REV MICRO VOL 7; JAN 2009.

10. NAT REV MICRO VOL 7; JAN 2009.

12. Lancet Infect Dis 2009; 9: 699–710

13. NAT REV MICRO VOL 7; JAN 2009

18. Mycobacterium marinum
Aronson 1926, species.
Type strain: ATCC 927 = CCUG 20998 = CCUG 27843 = CIP
104528 = DSM 44344 = JCM 12275 = JCM 17638 = NCTC
2275.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRN
A gene sequence of the type strain: AF456240.
Synonyms: "Mycobacterium platypoecilus" (sic) Baker
and Hagan 1942, "Mycobacterium balnei" Linell and
Norden 1952, not "Mycobacterium marinum" Suzanne
and Penso 1953.
Etymology: L. neut. adj. marinum, of the sea, marine.
References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and
SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial
Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420.
[ARONSON (J.D.): Spontaneous tuberculosis in salt water
fish. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1926, 39, 314-320.]

19. Mycobacterium marinum
• Fotocromógena, con una temperatura optima de
crecimiento de 30 a 33 grados centígrados.
• Ampliamente distribuido en ambientes húmedos
y acuáticos duces y salados.
• La infección en humanos es rara, generalmente
se produce asociada a trauma y contacto con
seres acuáticos o agua contaminada.
• Se puede considerar como una enfermedad
“ocupacional”.
J Cutan Pathol 2000 Mar;27(3):124-9.

20. Mycobacterium marinum
• Causa infecciones granulomatosas en
piel, tejidos blandos e incluso hueso.
• Pueden ocurrir en pcts inmunocompetentes
como inmunocomprometidos
(VIH, CORTICOIDES, TERAPIA BIOLOGICA.
J Orthop Surg. 2010 Apr;18(1):98-103

21. Mycobacterium marinum
87-year-old woman who was treated with oral
corticosteroids for polymyalgia rheumatica for many
years and developed erythema nodosum-like lesions on
the right forearm and arthritis of the right wrist. By
increasing the steroid dosage and adding methotrexate
only short-term remission was achieved. Seven months
later painful erythematous nodules occurred on all
extremities which became necrotic, ulcerative and
suppurative. Ziehl-Neelsen staining revealed acid-fast
bacilli and Mycobacterium marinum was cultured from
skin biopsies, blood, and urine. The critically ill patient
was treated with clarithromycin and ethambutol
resulting in a dramatic improvement of the general
condition. After four months, doxycycline had to be
added because of new skin lesions.
Eur J Dermatol 2006; 16 (1): 79-83

22. Eur J Dermatol 2006; 16 (1): 79-83

23. MODELO PARA
ESTUDIO DE LA
PATOGENESIS DE LA TB
Cellular Microbiology, 2008; 10: 1027–39

24. Mycobacterium haemophilum
Sompolinsky et al. 1978, species.
Type strain: strain ATCC 29548 = CCUG 47452 = CIP
105049 = DSM 44634 = JCM 15465 = NCTC 11185.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16
SrRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AF547932.
Etymology: Gr. n. haima (Latin
transliteration haema), blood; N.L. neut.
adj. philum (from Gr. neut.
adj. philon), friend, loving; N.L. neut.
adj. haemophilum, blood loving.
References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and
SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of
Bacterial
Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420

25. Mycobacterium kansasii
Hauduroy 1955, species.
Type strain: strain ATCC 12478 = CIP 104589 =
DSM 44162 = JCM 6379 = NCTC 13024.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the
16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AJ53
6035.
Etymology: N.L. gen. n. kansasii, of Kansas, USA.
References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.)
and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of
Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30,
225-420. [HAUDUROY (P.): Derniers aspects du
monde des mycobactéries. Masson et Cie, Paris,
1955.]

26. Mycobacterium scrofulaceum
Prissick and Masson 1956, species.
Type strain: strain ATCC 19981 = CCUG 29045 = CIP
105416 = DSM 43992 = JCM 6381 = NCTC 10803.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S
rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AF480604.
Etymology: L. pl. n. scrofulae, a swelling of the glands of
the neck, scrofula; L. neut. suff. -aceum, suffix used with
various meanings; N.L. neut. adj. scrofulaceum, of or
pertaining to scrofula.
References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and
SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial
Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420.
[PRISSICK (F.H.) and MASSON (A.M.): Cervical
lymphadentis in children caused by chromogenic
mycobacteria. Canadian Medical AssociationJournal, 195
6, 75, 798-803.]

27. Mycobacterium xenopi
Schwabacher 1959, species.
Type strain: strain ATCC 19250 = CCUG 28011 = CCUG 31306 =
CIP 104035 = DSM 43995 = JCM 15661 = NCTC 10042.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA
gene sequence of the type strain: AJ536033.
Synonym: "Mycobacterium xenopei" (sic) Schwabacher 1959.
Etymology: N.L. n. Xenopus, a genus of toad; N.L. gen.
n. xenopi, of Xenopus.
References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH
(P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial
Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420.
[SCHWABACHER (H.): A strain of Mycobacterium isolated from
skin lesions of a cold blooded animal, Xenopus laevus, and its
relation to atypical acid-fast bacilli occurring in
man. Journal of Hygiene, 1959, 57, 57-67.]

28. Mycobacterium celatum
Butler et al. 1993, sp. nov.
Type strain: strain ATCC 51131 = CCUG 39185 = CDC
90-0899 = CIP 106109 = DSM 44243 = JCM 12373.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S
rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: L08169.
Etymology: L. neut. part. adj. celatum, hidden from or
concealed from, referring to the concealed nature of
these organisms among
recognized Mycobacterium species.
Reference: BUTLER (W.R.), O'CONNOR (S.P.), YAKRUS
(M.A.), SMITHWICK (R.W.), PLIKAYTIS (B.B.), MOSS
(C.W.), FLOYD (M.M.), WOODLEY (C.L.), KILBURN
(J.O.), VADNEY (F.S.) and GROSS
(W.M.): Mycobacterium celatum sp.
nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1993, 43, 539-548.

29. Mycobacterium genavense
Böttger et al. 1993, sp. nov.
Type strain: strain 2289 = ATCC 51234.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the
16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain:
X60070.
Etymology: L. neut. adj. genavense, of or
belonging to Geneva, the source of the first
isolate.
Reference: BÖTTGER (E.C.), HIRSCHEL (B.) and
COYLE (M.B.): Mycobacterium genavense sp.
nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1993, 43, 841-843.

30. Mycobacterium simiae
Karassova et al. 1965, species.
Type strain: strain ATCC 25275 = CCUG 29114 = CCUG 42427 = CIP
104531 = DSM 44165 = JCM 12377.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene
sequence of the type strain: X52931.
Etymology: L. n. simia, an ape; L. gen. simiae, of an ape.
References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.)
(editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial
Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420. [KARASSOVA
(V.), WEISZFEILER (J.) and KRASZNAY (E.): Occurrence of atypical
mycobacteriain Macacus rhesus. Acta MicrobiologicaAcademiae Scienti
arum Hungaricae, 1965, 12, 275-282.]
Note: According to Meissner and Schröder
1975, Mycobacterium simiae Karassova et al. 1965 (Approved Lists
1980) is an earlier heterotypic synonym of "Mycobacterium habana"
Valdivia Alvarez et al. 1971.
Reference: MEISSNER (G.) and SCHRÖDER (K.H.): Relationship
between Mycobacterium simiae and Mycobacterium habana. Am. Rev.
Respir. Dis., 1975, 111, 196-200.

31. Mycobacterium gordonae
Bojalil et al. 1962, species.
Type strain: strain ATCC 14470 = CCUG 21801 =
CCUG 21811 = CIP 104529 = DSM 44160 = JCM
6382 = NCTC 10267.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the
16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain:X52923
Etymology: N.L. gen. fem. n. gordonae, of Gordon,
named after the American bacteriologist Ruth E.
Gordon.
References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and
SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of
Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30,
225-420.

32. Mycobacterium malmoense
Schroder and Juhlin 1977, species.
Type strain: strain ATCC 29571 = CCUG 37761 = CIP
105775 = DSM 44163 = JCM 13391 = NCTC 11298.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the
16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: X52930
Etymology: N.L. neut. adj. malmoense, of or
belonging to Malmö, Sweden, the source of the
strains on which the original description is based.
References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and
SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial
Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420

33. Mycobacterium lentiflavum
Springer et al. 1996, sp. nov.
Type strain: strain 2186/92 = ATCC 51985 = CCUG 42422 =
CCUG 42559 = CIP 105465 = DSM 44418 = JCM 13390.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA g
ene sequence of the type strain: AF480583.
Etymology: L. adj. lentus -a -um, slow; L. adj. flavus -a -um,
yellow; N.L. neut. adj. lentiflavum, slow and yellow, two
characteristic features of this species.
References: VALIDATION LIST N° 58. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.,
1996, 46, 836-837. [SPRINGER (B.), WU (W.K.), BODMER (T.),
HAASE (G.), PFYFFER (G.E.), KROPENSTEDT (R.M.), SCHRÖDER
(K.H.), EMLER (S.), KILBURN (J.O.), KIRSCHNER (P.), TELENTI
(A.), COYLE (M.B.) and BÖTTGER (E.C.): Isolation and
characterization of a unique group of slowly growing
mycobacteria: description ofMycobacterium lentiflavum sp.
nov. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1996, 34, 1100-1107.]

34. Mycobacterium shimoidei
(ex Tsukamura et al. 1975) Tsukamura 1982, sp.
nov., nom. rev.
Type strain: strain E4796 = ATCC 27962 = CCUG 37517
= DSM 44152 = JCM 12376.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S
rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AJ005005.
Synonym: "Mycobacterium shimoidei" Tsukamura et al.
1975.
Etymology: N.L. gen. masc. n. shimoidei, of
Shimoide, named for H. Shimoide, a Japanese
microbiologist who first isolated a strain of this
species.
Reference: TSUKAMURA
(M.): Mycobacterium shimoidei sp. nov., nom. rev., a
lung pathogen. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1982, 32, 67-69.

35. Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum
Tsukamura 1965, species.
Type strain: strain ATCC 19530 = CCUG 28009 = CIP 106811
= DSM 44164 = JCM 6364 = NCTC 10424.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA
gene sequence of the type strain: X52928.
Etymology: L. adv. non, not; Gr. n. chroma, color; Gr.
v. gennaio, to produce; L. neut. suff. -icum, suffix used with
the sense of pertaining to; N.L. neut.
adj. nonchromogenicum, intended to mean not producing
color.
References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH
(P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial
Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420.
[TSUKAMURA (M.): A group of mycobacteria from soil
resources resembling nonphotochromogens (Group
3). Medicine and Biology, 1965, 71, 110-113.]

36. Mycobacterium szulgai
Marks et al. 1972, species.
Type strain: strain ATCC 35799 = CCUG 37675 = CIP
104532 = DSM 44166 = JCM 6383 = NCTC 10831.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S
rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: X52926.
Etymology: N.L. gen. masc. n. szulgai, of Szulga, named
after T. Szulga, a Polish microbiologist.
References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and
SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial
Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420.
[Mycobacterium szulgai MARKS (J.), JENKINS (P.A.) and
TSUKAMURA (M.): Mycobacterium szulgai - a new
pathogen. Tubercle, 1972, 53, 210-214.]

37. Mycobacterium asiaticum
Weiszfeiler et al. 1971, species.
Type strain: strain ATCC 25276 = CCUG 29115 = CIP
106809 = DSM 44297 = JCM 6409.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S
rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AF480595.
Etymology: L. neut. adj. asiaticum, Asiatic, of Asia.
References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and
SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial
Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420.
[WEISZFEILER (J.), KARASSEVA (G.V.) and KARCZAG (E.): A
new Mycobacterium species: Mycobacterium asiaticum
sp. ActaMicrobiologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungarica
e, 1971, 18, 247-252.]

38. Mycobacterium gastri
Wayne 1966, species.
Type strain: strain ATCC 15754 = CCUG 20995 = CIP
104530 = DSM 43505 = JCM 12407.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S
rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AF480602.
Etymology: L. n. gaster -tri, belly, stomach; L. gen.
n. gastri, of the stomach.
References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and
SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial
Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420.
[WAYNE (L.G.): Classification and identification of
mycobacteria. III. Species within Group
III. American Review of Respiratory Diseases, 1966, 93, 9
19-928.]