2. Students are to:
1. Define the terms: migration, internal migration,
external migration, international migration,
permanent migration, temporary migration,
emigration, immigration, brain drain.
2. Identify the types of migration.
3. Assess the factors that cause/influence
international migration.
4. Discuss the impact of international migration.
3. WHAT IS MIGRATION?
• Migration is the movement of people from
one area to another.
• Those who move are called migrants.
5. PERMANENT vs. TEMPORARY
MIGRATION
• PERMANENT MIGRATION:- This involves people
leaving their home with no intention of
returning to live there again.
• TEMPORARY MIGRATION:- This involves people
leaving their home area for a fairly short period
of time, and then going back to it, example
seasonal agricultural workers recruited to work
in Florida (farm work).
6. EXTERNAL vs. INTERNAL MIGRATION
• EXTERNAL MIGRATION:- This involves people
crossing international boundaries, and moving
from one country to another.
• INTERNAL MIGRATION:- This involves people
moving from one part of a country to another
part of the same country.
7. EMIGRATE vs. IMMIGRATE
• In the case of external migration, there is
emigration and immigration.
• EMIGRATION is the movement out of a country.
– The people who move are emigrants.
• IMMIGRATION is the movement into a country.
– The people who move are immigrants.
8.
9. • In the case of internal migration, there is out-
migration and in-migration.
– OUT-MIGRATION:- The movement of people out of
one area.
– IN-MIGRATION:- The movement of people into an
area.
• The most common form of internal migration is
rural-urban migration – movement from rural
areas to urban areas.
11. • Why do people leave the area where they
have been living, and look for a new home
somewhere else?
– Due to the migrant becoming dissatisfied with
conditions in his or her home area, and believing
that they will find better conditions somewhere
else.
• The reasons for migration are categorized into
2 groups of factors:
– push factors, and
– pull factors.
12. • PUSH FACTORS:- things about life in the migrant’s
old home area which made him want to leave it.
– Examples:
• Unemployment
• Political problems/instability
• PULL FACTORS:- things about life in some other
place which attract migrants to it.
– Examples:
• Better job/employment opportunities/higher income
• Better standards of living/better lifestyle
• More modern amenities
• Better health facilities
• Better education facilities (school)
• Opportunities for entertainment.
13.
14.
15. IMPACTS OF MIGRATION
(INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION)
(1) On the SOURCE AREA (area which the
migrant leaves):-
• NEGATIVE:
– Decline in population or reduction in growth rate.
This can be a positive or negative effect.
– ‘Brain drain’ – many of the people emigrating to
countries such as Canada and the USA are
professional people such as doctors, teachers,
nurses or highly skilled workers.
16. • POSITIVE
– Migrants usually send or take money back to their
country of origin, providing foreign exchange.
These are remittances.
– It provides a temporary solution to
unemployment.
– It reduces the stress on the social services (school,
health service)
17. (2) On the receiving areas (area which the
migrant moves to):-
– Growth in the population
– Increased pressure on resources and social
services, example health services and schools, to
provide for new immigrants.
– Social resentment (prejudice) towards the newly
arrived.
• Positive effects include:
– A readily available labour force
– New skills are introduced into the labour force
– Creation of a multicultural society
18.
19. WHY DO JAMAICANS MIGRATE
INTERNATIONALLY?
• Vanessa is a nurse and her husband is a policeman. She
recently applied through an overseas recruitment
programme to work in North Carolina, USA, and will be
leaving in about 3 weeks with her family.
– Why does she want to migrate to the USA?
– Is this permanent or temporary migration?
• Andrew is a farmer who lives with his wife and 4 children
in Askenish, Hanover. He recently was recruited to work
on a farm in Canada for 5 months, through the Ministry of
Labour’s Farm Work Programme.
– Is this permanent or temporary migration?
– Why did Andrew apply through the farm work programme?
20. • Marie is a trained/certified hotel room attendant, who
works at a hotel on the south coast. She was recently
recruited to work in a hotel in Canada for 5 months.
– Is this permanent or temporary migration?
– Why did Marie apply through the hotel work programme, if
she was already working in a hotel?
• Mark was made redundant from his job 2 years ago and
still has not been able to find another job. He now drives
a ‘robot’ taxi, and has 2 children younger than 9 years
old. He decided to use his US visa to go to New York to
‘look life’?
– What does Mark mean by to ‘look life’?
– Would it be permanent or temporary migration?
– What may happen to Mark if he decides to stay in the US
beyond his time limit?
