Eroded soil – genesis, types and characteristics water sheet, rill, gully, ravines, wind – aeolian, loess, saltation, suspension and soil creep

1. Eroded soil – Genesis, types and
characteristics: water- sheet, rill,
gully, ravines, wind – Aeolian,
loess, saltation, suspension and
soil creep
SAC 202 Problematic soil and their management (2+0)
K. Maheshwaran,Asst. Prof. (SS&AC)
Sethu Bhaskara Agricultural College &
Research Foundation

2. Soil erosion
1. Soil erosion is the physical removal of the top
soil layer by natural and human activities
2. Running water, rainfall and wind are the
primary mobile agents, which cause soil
erosion
3. Soil erosion is influenced by its physical,
chemical, hydrological, and mineralogical
properties and its soil profile characteristics
Eroded soil

3. Eroded soil

4.  It is very slow process and equilibrium between
loss and build up is hardly lost, unless there are
some major disturbances by a foreign agent
Geological soil erosion
Water erosion
Wind erosion

5.  Water erosion is caused by the kinetic energy
of rain drops on the soil surface and by the
mechanical force of runoff
1. Splash Erosion
2. Sheet Erosion
3. Rill Erosion
4. Channel or Gully Erosion
5. Land Slide or Slip Erosion
6. Stream Bank Erosion
Water erosion

6. Splash erosion
 It is caused by the falling rain
 Falling the rain drop beat the soil surface into
flowing mud which splashes as much as 60 cm
high and 150 cm away
Water erosion

7. Sheet erosion
 The uniform removal of a thin layer or ‘sheet’ of
soil from entire area, takes place in this type of
erosion
Water erosion

8. Rill erosion
 It is the removal of soil by run off water
through small finger-like channels. It is an
intermediary stage between sheet erosion and
the gully erosion
Water erosion

9. Channel or gully erosion
 As the volume of concentrated run off
increases and attains more velocity slopes, it
enlarges the rills into gullies
Water erosion
At an advance stage,
gullies result into ravine
soils and make the soil
unfit for cultivation

10. Land slide or slip erosion
 This is caused by the pressure of moisture going
deep into the soil during heavy rains
Water erosion

11. Stream bank erosion
 Rivers and streams meander and change their
course by cutting one bank and depositing sand
and silt on the other
Water erosion

13. 1
• Saltation
• It occurs in arid regions where rainfall and drainage is poor
water evaporates quickly leaving the salts in soil.
2
• Suspension
• The wind throws away smallest soil particles into air which
moves as fine dust in the wind
3
• Surface creep
• The largest particles of soil that are not easily thrown up by
wind are simply pushed or spread along the surface by wind
Wind erosion

15. Wind erosion

16.  Deforestation
 Faulty Cultivation Methods
 Shifting Cultivation
 Lack of Proper Surface Drainage
 Rain and water runoff
 Extreme climate effect
 Wind
 Frost

17. Soil erosion