This document discusses fire safety considerations and fire fighting systems for sub-stations. It notes that fires can often be contained if extinguished quickly using portable fire extinguishers before firefighters arrive. Sub-stations are at risk of fires starting from electrical arcing, overheated equipment, hydrogen gas buildup in battery rooms, and underground cable trenches. The document recommends precautions like installing portable fire extinguishers and hydrants, removing combustibles, prohibiting smoking or loose electrical connections, training personnel, and not storing flammables on site.
Detailed explaination of how fire alarm system works in a building, its networking systems and what are the minimum requirements needed for a fire protection system in a building.
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Find the right fire safety system installation, maintenance and AMC provider for your business. We have years of experience in the industry and are equipped to meet your needs. Keep your business safe with an expert installation, maintenance and monitoring team like ours. Call us today to learn more about our services!
Detailed explaination of how fire alarm system works in a building, its networking systems and what are the minimum requirements needed for a fire protection system in a building.
Are you looking for an AMC provider in Mumbai to install, maintain and monitor your fire safety system? Look no further!
Find the right fire safety system installation, maintenance and AMC provider for your business. We have years of experience in the industry and are equipped to meet your needs. Keep your business safe with an expert installation, maintenance and monitoring team like ours. Call us today to learn more about our services!
Power system protection is an integral part of every power system. All power equipment including power generators, step-up transformers, step-down transformers, transmission lines, power capacitors, electric motors, other loads, etc needs protection. The necessity for protection is incurred by all kinds of contingencies such as equipment failure due to insulation deterioration, lightning strike, short-circuit by nature force or creature-made happenings, inappropriate operation of power system, and other inadvertent incidences. Some power equipment is very expensive such as MW generators which could cost millions of dollars.
Furthermore, an outage due to the failure of the power system causes severe damage to the economy and inconvenience to people’s daily life. A properly designed protection can ensure power supply is cut to minimum users yet continue to supply power to other end users in the case that a fault occurs in the system. It is a sophisticated art that needs systematic study in order to master. All these calls for a new module for undergraduate students to learn in the field of power system protection.
In this section, we will discuss different types of sub-station and sub-station equipment along with their functionality in brief such as.
Transformer
Circuit Switches/Breakers
Command and Control System
Isolator
Construction of Transformers with materials and its advantages, Working
Principle of Transformers, Core Type and Shell Type Transformers with its
applications, EMF Equation of Transformers,
Application of Transformer.
Single Phase Auto Transformer, Volt-ampere Relations, Step-up Auto
transformers,
Parallel operation of Transformers
with reasons and necessary conditions
n this slide, you are going to learn about electrical TOOLS & PLANTS FOR GRID SUB-STATION. Like any other repair or improvement project around the GRID, electrical work requires tools. For most electrical projects, you'll use mostly basic hand tools you already own, such as a hammer, tape measure, digital multimeter,level, and screwdrivers. There are also some specialty electrical tools that come in handy from time to time, and these are readily available at most GRID central stores.
In this section, we will discuss
1. Breakdown of Insulators
2. Uses
3. Insulation in electrical apparatus
3.1 Class I and Class II insulation
3.2power transmission insulators
4.1 Material
4.2 Design
4.3 Types of insulators
4.4 Sheath insulator
4.5 Suspension insulators
An earthing mat is a grounding system formed by a grid of conductors buried horizontally and provides a low impedance path for the earth's fault current to dissipate into the earth. The earthing grid present in the substation is an electrical connection to the earth at zero potential reference point.
n some fatal cases like insulation breakdown in VCB insulator posts, short circuit of tripping/closing coils, etc., the rectification usually requires hours or even days depending upon the availability. Power interruption for lengthy periods is not a very desirable situation whatever the condition inside the substation. In such cases, the operators must be intuitive enough to think out of the box to resume power supply via a temporary solution vis Diesel Generator.
A current transformer (CT) is a type of transformer that is used to reduce or multiply an alternating current (AC). It produces a current in its secondary which is proportional to the current in its primary.
A conductor is one of the most important components of overhead lines. Selecting a proper type of conductor for overhead lines is as important as selecting economic conductor size and economic transmission voltage.
conductor manufacturing process
Various clamps used for substation projects
from the busbar structure to the high voltage equipment terminal system
Design of connectors for smart grid
In this section, we are going to see what is bus bar and the Types of Busbar and their functions.
0:00 Introduction
0:20 INTRODUCTION
0:56 Different types of bus-bar system
1:08 SINGLE BUS-BAR
2:01 Main and Transfer Bus
4:22 Two main or Double Bus
5:23 Breaker and One-and-one-half syster
6:06 Ring Main Bus
6:44 strain type bus bars
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So I hope All your Queries are Solved Through This Video but still if you have any queries please comment in the comment box....
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HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
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We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
2. INTRODUCTION
• Fire extinguishers are provided for a 'first
attack' fire fighting measure, generally
undertaken by the occupants of the building
before the fire service arrives.
• Most fires start as a small fire and may be
extinguished if the correct type and amount of
extinguishing agent is applied whilst the fire is
small and controllable.
3. Fire Safety Considerations in S/S
• Electrical arcing
• Overheating of electrical control equipment,
switchgear and cabling
• High concentration of Hydrogen gas in Battery
Room
• UG cable trenches
9. Precautions against Starting of Fire
• Portable fire fighting sets and fire hydrant
location
• Removal of rubbish ,packing wood
• Special care to no smoking, no warming
upfire,no loose connection of cables
• Training of personal and rehersals
• No storage of inflammables in general store
