1. First Aid
Original Power Point Created by Joel
Wondra
Modified by Georgia Agricultural
Education Curriculum Office
June 2002
2. Basic Life Support (BLS)
ABCs - Airway, Breathing, Circulation
• Steps to follow in BLS
– 1. Check the responsiveness of the victim
– 2. Call for Emergency medical health
– 3. Position victim on his or her back
– 4. Open the airway
– 5. Assess breathing
– 6. Assess circulation
– 7. Stay with the victim until help arrives.
3. Breathing
Mouth-to-Mouth Ventilation Children and Adults
• Steps to follow in Mouth-to-Mouth
– 1. Place victim on their back
– 2. Open the airway
– 3. Check the victim’s breathing
– 4. If no breathing, start artificial ventilation
– 5. If chest doesn’t rise, airway may be blocked
– 6. Take 5-10 seconds to check for a pulse
– 7. If breathing is restored, remain in position
4. Choking
• Steps to follow if consciousvictim is
choking:
– 1. Call for emergency help
– 2. Open the airway, don’t give up
– 3. Use the Heimlich Maneuver
5. Choking
• Steps to follow if unconscious victim is
choking:
– 1. Call for emergency help
– 2. Open the airway, don’t give up
– 3. Lay victim face up on a hard surface
– 4. Assess responsiveness and breathing
– 5. Perform Heimlich Manuever
6. Circulation (CPR)
• CPR is combination of artificial ventilation
and artificial circulation.
• It should only be done by a qualified person
• Periodic retraining is required
7. Allergic Reactions
• Signs of allergic reactions include difficulty
breathing (wheezing), swollen lips, tongue,
and ears, hives, skin swelling and itching
• Treatment
– 1. Contact Medical Help
– 2. Keep victim quiet in a comfortable position
– 3. If victim stops breathing, give artificial
ventilation.
8. Bites and Stings (General)
• Treatment
– 1. Lie victim down and immobilize limb
– 2. Cold application on all bites except snakes
– 3. Flush snakebite with water
– 4. 2” wide cloth to provide a band near bite
– 5. Band should not be too restricting
– 6. Transport victim to hospital
– 7. Provide non-alcoholic liquid to victim
9. Bites and Stings (Bees)
• Treatment
– 1. Do not remove stinger with a tweezer
– 2. Remove stinger with a flicking motion
– 3. If victim shows signs, treat for allergic react.
10. Bites and Stings (Animal)
• Treatment
– 1. Seek medical attention
– 2. If skin is broken, wash with soap and water
11. Bleeding
• Treatment
– 1. Call for medical help
– 2. Keep victim lying down
– 3. Place pad directly over wound
– 4. Apply direct pressure firmly with both hands
– 5. Raise bleeding part higher than rest of body
12. Bleeding (Tourniquet)
• Use on arms or legs only
• Is usually not necessary
• Do not attempt to use unless you are
specially trained.
• Should be placed between injury and heart
13. Burns
• Object is to prevent shock and
contamination.
• All burns should be attended to by a
physician
• Do not apply ointments, grease, or baking
soda
14. Burns (Thermal)
• Treatment
– 1. Cool quickly with water
– 2. Place clean cloth over burned area
– 3. Keep victim lying down
– 4. Give no fluids
– 5. Call for medical health
– 6. Place head and chest lower than rest of body
– 7. Raise legs if possible
15. Burns (Chemical)
• Treatment
– 1. Flush with plenty of water for 5 minutes
– 2. Remove clothes if needed
– 3. Place clean material over burns
– 4. Call for medical help
– 5. Lie victim down, provide lots of liquids
– 6. Place head and chest lower than rest of body
– 7. Raise legs if possible
16. Cuts and Abrasions
• It’s important to prevent infections
• Never put your mouth over a wound
• Don’t breath on a wound
• Don’t touch with dirty fingers or cloths
• Treatment
– 1. Cleanse wound with soap and water
– 2. Hold sterile pad firmly over wound
– 3. Continue to cover wound if bleeding persists
17. Fractures
• First aid should do no more than prevent
further injury
• A fracture should be assumed if body part
does not have normal look and function
• Treatment
– 1. Unless in danger, don’t move victim
– 2. Leave the limb in the position you found it
– 3. Apply a splint
18. Frostbite
• Signs include skin that is pink just before
frostbite and changes to whit or grayish-
yellow as it develops, initial pain, numbness
and cold.
19. Frostbite
• Treatment
– Cover area with warm hand of woolen material
– If hands, hold them in armpit
– Bring victim inside
– Place area in warm water (101-103 F)
– Don’t use hot water, water bottle, or heat lamp
– Don’t rub frostbitten area
– Let circulation reestablish naturally, exercise
– Give them something warm to drink
– See a doctor
20. Heat Exhaustion
• Signs include pale and clammy skin,
profuse perspiration, rapid pulse, weakness,
headache, nausea, cramps in abdomen and
limbs.
• Treatment
– Contact emergency medical help
– Have victim lie down, elevate feet
– Move victim to shade or cool place
– Give victim diluted salt water
21. Heat Stroke
• Signs include flushed hot and dry skin,
rapid, weak pulse, confusion and
unconscious
• Treatment
– Get medical help, delays could be fatal
– Cool body by spraying or sponging with cool
water
– Liquids, but no alcohol
22. Poison Ivy, Oak, and Sumac
• Signs include itching, redness, or blisters
• Treatment
– Cut clothing from exposed area (use gloves)
– Avoid contact with contaminated area
– Wash exposed area with soap water (no soap)
– Wash yourself after treating
– Apply commercial products
– If blisters develop, see doctor
23. Seizures and Convulsions
• A seizure is not a medical emergency. It
usually ends in a few minutes. If it lasts
more than 15 minutes, get medical help.
• Treatment
– Remove objects that may injure a person
– Do not restrain victim
– Do not slap victim or douse with water
– Do not place finger or hard objects in the mouth
– When seizure ends, take victim to comfortable
area and allow them to sleep if they wish
24. Shock
• Signs include cold, clammy skin with beads
of perspiration on forehead and palms, pale
skin color, a cold feeling, shaking chills,
nausea, vomiting, shallow, rapid breathing
• Usually accompanies severe injury
25. Shock
• Treatment
– Get medical help
– Correct the cause of the shock
– Keep victim’s airway open
– If victim vomits, prevent choking
– Elevate victims legs
– Keep victim comfortable and warm
– Give water to the victim (unless abdominal)
– Reassure victim
26. Spine or Neck Injuries
• Do not move victim unless needed
• Get medical help
• Do not move head except to keep airway
open
• If victim vomits, roll to their side. Don’t
turn head
• Monitor breathing
27. Sprains or Strains
• Treat as though it were a fracture
• Place injured part at rest
• Elevate injured part if possible
• Apply cold compress or ice to prevent
swelling
• Contact a doctor
• Don’t apply heat for at least 24 hours
