Non-Timber Forest Products and Bioeconomy 28–30 November 2017, Rovaniemi, Finland

1. Glucans from basidiomyceta
How different techniques change our extract?
Gabriele Beltrame, Jani Trygg, Baoru Yang
gabriele.beltrame@utu.fi

2. Mushrooms in Finland
• Second edible biomass from Finnish forest
• Estimated annual production of edible mushrooms is 1 billion kg
• Picked amount varies between 3 and 16 million kg
Huge seasonal mass available for exploitation

3. Different sugars
Different linkages
Different DP
Different
properties
Polysaccharides
Different
bioactivities
• Longer chain ~ less soluble
• Less branches ~ less soluble
Solubility, conformation, etc.
• Immunomodulatory
• Anti-nociceptive
• Prebiotic
• Hypoglycemic
β-glucans

4. Mushroom polysaccharides
• Glucans
• Chitin/chitosan
• Polysaccharide-protein complexes

5. Mushroom cell wall
From Chen et al., 2014b
Glycoproteins
Heteroglucans
β-glucans
Chitin-β-glucan
complex

6. Aim of the study
• Extract polysaccharides
• Improve the extraction
• Outline their properties
Agaricus bisporus
Herkkusieni
White Button
cultivated

7. Methods: A. bisporus
Trygg and Fardim, 2011
• Sugar content
• Infrared spectroscopy
• Glucan content
• HPSEC
• GC-FID
EtOH + HCl
Δ

8. Results: A. bisporus
• Yield of crude extracts and glucan content
α 12% β 7%
α 0% β 7%
α 14% β 5%
α 4% β 16%
α 8% β 23%
α 9 % β 27%

9. Results: A. bisporus
• Infrared spectroscopy (anomeric region zoomed)

10. Results: A. bisporus
• Infrared spectroscopy

11. Results: A. bisporus
• Size Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC)
Oligomers (DP ~5) are
extracted first
The large molecules
extracted first have
precipitated
Oligomers are much
lower
Mp shiftes to lower
values
5666304774DP

12. Results: A. bisporus
• Monomer composition (GC-FID)
• Main sugar of all extracts is glucose
• Glucose amount increases after every extraction
• Glucose is much more abundant after treatment
• Mannitol is extracted by EtOH-acid

13. Conclusions
• The disruption of the mushroom cell wall is needed for extracting β-glucans
• The process influences molecular weight of the polysaccharides
• Treating mushrooms with HCl-EtOH is a convenient method
% β-glucans:
7+7%  23%
1:20 v/v
1 h at 75 º
1 magnitude lower
+ more polymers!

14. Conclusions
Applications of mushroom β-glucans
• Nutraceuticals
• In-feed additives
• Wound healing
• Food ingredients (texturizers, emulsifiers etc)
• Functionalization