2. Lucía Ábalos Álvarez
1.NUTRITION: We need food for our bodies to grow.
1.NUTRITION: We need food for our bodies to grow.
Different body systems carry out the functions of
Different body systems carry out the functions of
nutrition.
nutrition.
•
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM : It changes food into substances for our bodies to
grow.
•
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM : It takes the air we breathe and releases other
gases we don't need.
•
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM : It moves blood around our bodies.
•
EXCRETORY SYSTEM : It cleans the blood of substances we don't need.
12. Lucía Ábalos Álvarez
There are 3 stages in the digestive process: digestion, absorption and
elimination of waste.
1. Digestion is the breakdown of foods to obtain their nutrients.
In the mouth food is mixed with saliva (it's called bolus).
The bolus passes through the pharynx and the oesophagus to the
stomach.
In the stomach, food is mixed with gastric juices (it's called chyme).
Chyme passes to the small intestine.
2. Absorption is when nutrients pass from the digestive tube to the
blood.
3. Elimination of waste is when the waste (food we don't need) goes
to the large intestine, where it is transformed into faeces.
Faeces are excreted through the anus.
21. Lucía Ábalos Álvarez
Circulation is the
Circulation is the
movement of
movement of
blood through the
blood through the
circulatory
circulatory
system.
system.
Blood transports
Blood transports
nutrients,
nutrients,
oxygen, carbon
oxygen, carbon
dioxide and
dioxide and
22. There are three types of blood vessels:
There are three types of blood vessels:
Lucía Ábalos Álvarez
1. arteries carry blood from the heart to
1. arteries carry blood from the heart to
the body,
the body,
2. veins carry blood to the heart,
2. veins carry blood to the heart,
3. capillaries connect arteries and veins.
3. capillaries connect arteries and veins.
23. Lucía Ábalos Álvarez
Red blood cells
Red blood cells
distribute oxygen
distribute oxygen
and make blood
and make blood
red.
red.
White blood cells
White blood cells
protect the body
protect the body
from illnesses.
from illnesses.
Platelets help to
Platelets help to
do coagulation.
do coagulation.
24. Lucía
Systole is the contraction thatÁbalos Álvarez blood flow
Systole is the contraction that makes blood flow
makes
to the arteries.
to the arteries.
Diastole is the relaxation that makes blood enter
Diastole is the relaxation that makes blood enter
the heart through the veins.
the heart through the veins.
25. Pulmonary
Pulmonary
circulation is the
circulation is the
movement of
movement of
blood between
blood between
the heart and the
the heart and the
lungs.
lungs
lungs.
lungs
Systemic
Systemic
circulation is the
circulation is the
movement of
movement of
blood between the
blood between the
heart and the rest
heart and the rest
of the body.
of the body
body.
body
Lucía Ábalos Álvarez
26. Lucía Ábalos Álvarez
2. SENSITIVITY: Our senses give us information about
2. SENSITIVITY: Our senses give us information about
the world around.
the world around.
Different body systems carry out the function of sensitivity.
Different body systems carry out the function of sensitivity.
•
SENSE ORGANS (ears, eyes, nose, mouth, hands):They get information
from the world around us.
•
NERVOUS SYSTEM (brain): It takes information from the senses and
decides how we will react.
•
LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM (bones): It makes us move. It is formed by the
muscles and the bones working together.
34. Lucía Ábalos Álvarez
The nervous system is formed
of nervous tissue. It is found in
every part of the body and it is
made of neurons.
Neurons can send and receive
messages. They have three
parts:
•Body: it contains the nucleus
and the organelles,
•Dendrites: they receive
information from the sense
organs or from other neurons,
•Axon: it transmits information
to other neurons and sends
orders to organs.
39. Lucía Ábalos Álvarez
3.REPRODUCTION ::
3.REPRODUCTION
People reproduce and have children.
People reproduce and have children.
The male and female reproductive system
The male and female reproductive system
carry out the function of reproduction.
carry out the function of reproduction.
41. Sexual characteristicsLucía Ábalos the physical
Sexual characteristics are Álvarez physical
are the
differences that exist between men and women.
differences that exist between men and women.
Puberty begins with hormones produce in the
Puberty begins with hormones produce in the
pituitary gland. Girls experience puberty at about
pituitary gland. Girls experience puberty at about
11 years old and boys at about 13 years old.
11 years old and boys at about 13 years old.
42. The male reproductive
The male reproductive
system is made of:
system is made of:
Lucía Ábalos Álvarez
1. testicles:they produce
1. testicles:they produce
sexual hormones
sexual hormones
2. vas deferens: they carry
2. vas deferens: they carry
spermatozoa
spermatozoa
3. urethra: releases
3. urethra: releases
spermatozoa to the outside
spermatozoa to the outside
4. prostate and seminal
4. prostate and seminal
vesicles: produce sperm.
vesicles: produce sperm.
5. scrotum: it's a sac that
5. scrotum: it's a sac that
protects the testicles
protects the testicles
6. penis: it's the external
6. penis: it's the external
part.
part.
44. The female reproductive
The female reproductive
system is made of:
system is made of:
1. ovaries: they produce
1. ovaries: they produce
sexual hormones
sexual hormones
2. fallopian tubes: they
2. fallopian tubes: they
connect the ovaries to the
connect the ovaries to the
uterus
uterus
3. uterus: it's where the
3. uterus: it's where the
baby grows
baby grows
4. vagina: it's the canal
4. vagina: it's the canal
that connects the uterus
that connects the uterus
with the vulva
with the vulva
5. vulva: it's the external
5. vulva: it's the external
part.
part.
Lucía Ábalos Álvarez
46. Lucía Ábalos Álvarez
The ovules are the female sex cells. When girls reach
The ovules are the female sex cells. When girls reach
puberty, the ovules begin to mature. Approximately every
puberty, the ovules begin to mature. Approximately every
28 days an ovule matures and goes to the uterus, then it
28 days an ovule matures and goes to the uterus, then it
exists the body together with some blood (menstruation).
exists the body together with some blood (menstruation).
When a woman is around 50 years old, ovules stop
When a woman is around 50 years old, ovules stop
maturing and the menstruation ends (menopause).
maturing and the menstruation ends (menopause).
The spermatozoa are the male sex cells. After puberty,
The spermatozoa are the male sex cells. After puberty,
spermatozoa is formed in the testicles and exists the
spermatozoa is formed in the testicles and exists the
body through the urethra.
body through the urethra.
47. Lucía Ábalos Álvarez
Fertilisation is the union of an ovule and a spermatozoa.
Fertilisation is the union of an ovule and a spermatozoa.
If a mature ovule meets a spermatozoa in the fallopian
If a mature ovule meets a spermatozoa in the fallopian
tube, fertilisation occurs.
tube, fertilisation occurs.
The man's semen must enter the woman's vagina.
The man's semen must enter the woman's vagina.
48. Lucía Ábalos Álvarez
The union of a sperm cell and an ovule creates a
The union of a sperm cell and an ovule creates a
zygote. The zygote then becomes an embryo and
zygote. The zygote then becomes an embryo and
finally a fetus.
finally a fetus.
49. Lucía Ábalos Álvarez
The embryo is found inside a sac. The sac is filled with a
The embryo is found inside a sac. The sac is filled with a
liquid called amniotic fluid and it protects the embryo.
liquid called amniotic fluid and it protects the embryo.
The embryo receives nutrients and oxygen from the
The embryo receives nutrients and oxygen from the
mother throught the placenta. The embryo is joined to the
mother throught the placenta. The embryo is joined to the
placenta by the umbilical cord.
placenta by the umbilical cord.
50. Lucía Ábalos Álvarez
After about three months, all the organs of the embryo
have formed (fetus).
The period of a woman's life between fertilisation and the
birth of the baby is called pregnancy (9 months).
51. Lucía Ábalos
There are three stages during birth: Álvarez
There are three stages during birth:
1. dilation stage: the uterus gets wider
1. dilation stage: the uterus gets wider
2. expulsion stage: the baby exists through the vagina
2. expulsion stage: the baby exists through the vagina
3. afterbirth: expulsion of the placenta.
3. afterbirth: expulsion of the placenta.
52. Lactation is referred to the period of time
Lactation is referred to the period of time
when babies consume only milk
when babies consume only milk
(first months of life).
(first months of life).
Lucía Ábalos Álvarez
62. Dear Year 6 students:
Lucía Ábalos Álvarez
I hope you liked my presentation about the human body.
Now you can work on your own human body project during
the holidays.
Lots of love,
Lucía Ábalos
