Delivered a lecture on Hygiene and Sanitation Challenges in Pakistan at National Centre for Rural Development on 31-12-2014 in the conference on Field Applications of Safe Drinking Water & Sanitation... 29th-31st December, 2014...

1. Hygiene &
Sanitation
Challenges in
Pakistan
Lokhaze Ali
PhD Student NUST

2. Hygiene & Sanitation Challenges in Pakistan 2

3. Achievements in Last Two Decades
• 2.3 billion people gained
access to improved
drinking-water between
1990–2012.
• The number of children
dying from diarrheal
diseases have steadily
fallen from 1.5 million
deaths in 1990 to just
above 600,000 (0.6
million) in 2012.
Hygiene & Sanitation Challenges in Pakistan 3

4. Global Crisis
• 2.5 billion people lack access to
improved sanitation.
• 1 billion people practice open
defecation, nine out of ten in
rural areas.
• 748 million people lack access
to improved drinking-water
and it is estimated that 1.8
billion people use a source of
drinking-water that is faecally
contaminated.
• Hundreds of millions of people
have no access to soap and
water to wash their hands
Hygiene & Sanitation Challenges in Pakistan 4

5. Hygiene & Sanitation Challenges in Pakistan 5

6. Hygiene & Sanitation Challenges in Pakistan 6

7. Hygiene & Sanitation Challenges in Pakistan 7

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9. Challenges
• Critical gaps in
monitoring
• Weak country
capacity to
implement plans
• Insufficient funding
Hygiene & Sanitation Challenges in Pakistan 9

10. Water Aid Pakistan-Facts
• 15.3 Million people in
Pakistan don't have access
to safe water
• Over 93 million people
don't have access to
adequate sanitation in
Pakistan, over half of the
population.
• Over 40,000 children die
every year from diarrhea
caused by unsafe water
and poor sanitation in
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11. South Asia
• Max number of Poor
• More children die
due to unsafe
drinking water in any
megacity in South
Asia than total
number of people
killed in WoT till date Pakistan: 144/193
Avg Age: 67 yrs
Male: 66 yrs
Female: 68 yrs
Japan: 1/193
Avg Age: 85 yrs
Hygiene & Sanitation Challenges in Pakistan 11

12. Financing Issues
• National financing for
WASH is insufficient
• National WASH Plans
• Two-thirds of countries
recognize the right to both
water and sanitation in
their constitution or
legislation
• Few countries use available
data to make funding
decisions on sanitation
• Huge financing gap
between budgets and
plans
Hygiene & Sanitation Challenges in Pakistan 12

13. GIS Mapping
• Health Data Portal
• Data with date and time
(Last Results)
• No Redundancy
(Integrated Approach)
• One Portal for all
(PCRWR, WASA, EPA,
NUST Labs, etc)
• Activate GPS coordinates
during collection
• On Spot Water Quality
Analysis
Hygiene & Sanitation Challenges in Pakistan 13

14. Hot Spot Analysis
• Maximum number of
deaths (each province)
• Maximum spread of
diseases (Hospital Data
for Children under 5)
• Area Identification (Point
Sources, Industrial, Local
Hazards)
• Water Quality
Assessment
• Regression Modelling
• Correlation Techniques
• Pakistan Bureau of
Statistics
Hygiene & Sanitation Challenges in Pakistan 14

15. Design Separate Drains for Industry
• Save the Populated Areas
• Industrial Drains to
discharge outside the city
(not connected within the
city)
• Polluter Pays for Treatment
• Water Meters for Industry
(Reuse Water)
• No Water Bores Allowed
within Industry’s premises
• Wastewater Mapping (GIS)
All Parameters
• Plant Non-Fruit trees with
Industrial Wastewater
(Barren)
Hygiene & Sanitation Challenges in Pakistan 15

16. The Greatest Challenge
• International
Laws
• Pricing
• Flood Relief
Hygiene & Sanitation Challenges in Pakistan 16

17. Disruptive Innovation
• Generate disruptive,
new ideas
• Emerging Trends
(Water Technologies)
• How can you
generate more
income out of it
• Lower Costs
• More Users
(Affordability)
Hygiene & Sanitation Challenges in Pakistan 17

18. Create Competition
• Low Cost WASH
Technologies for
Urban/Rural Areas
• Innovative Thinking
• Handsome Awards
• Green Journalism
Hygiene & Sanitation Challenges in Pakistan 18

19. The Bitter Reality
• Reality: Attending a
conference/seminar/workshops
• Reality: Talking about issues
• Reality: We will try to solve our
problems
• Dreaming: We will do this &
that… GIS Maps, Disruptive
Innovations, Minting money out
of our products
• Final Reality: We will have a cup
of tea after the conference and
things will remain the same as
they are…
Hygiene & Sanitation Challenges in Pakistan 19

20. Change
your
Water
………..
Change
your
Life
Hygiene & Sanitation Challenges in Pakistan 20