references : Drilling Eng Workbook -Baker Hughes - Directional drilling assembly : rotary assembly, steerable assembly, rotary steerable assembly.. pendulum, fucrum, packed stabilization mud motors, geopilot, baker autotrack

1. Supervised by: DR. Ashraf Alshorbagy
Presented by: Loay Reda Alaswad
11 Jan 2021
1
(ASSEMBLY)
DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

2. 11 Jan 2021
1. Rotary Assembly ( BHA / no motors )
2. Steerable Assembly ( motor / bent housing )
3. Rotary Steerable Assembly ( RSS )
Directional assembly
2

3. ROTARY ASSEMBLY
( BHA / NO MOTORS )
3
11 Jan 2021

4. 11 Jan 2021
Directional assembly
1. Rotary Assembly ( BHA / no motors )
A. Pendulum ( Dropping ) principle
B. Fulcrum ( Building ) principle
C. Packed hole Stabilization ( Holding ) principle
4

5. 11 Jan 2021
Directional assembly
5
Dropping
Building
Holding
1. Rotary Assembly ( BHA / no motors )

6. 11 Jan 2021
1. RotaryAssembly ( BHA / no motors )
Mechanical characteristics of the BHA
-The gauge and placement of stabilizers and other BHA components
-The diameter, length and material of the BHA components
- Bit type
Drilling parameters applied to the BHA
-Weight on bit
- Rotary Speed
- Circulation or flow rate
Formation being drilled
- Soft formation or Hard formation
Three factors affecting bit side force are:
6

7. 11 Jan 2021
Directional assembly
1. Rotary Assembly ( BHA / no motors )
A. Pendulum ( Dropping ) principle
B. Fulcrum ( Building ) principle
C. Packed hole Stabilization ( Holding ) principle
7
A. Pendulum ( Dropping ) principle
B. Fulcrum ( Building ) principle
C. Packed hole Stabilization ( Holding ) principle

8. 11 Jan 2021
1. RotaryAssembly ( BHA / no motors )
- stabilizer up above the bit
- Increase the gravitational force
- Active length : length between the bit
and the first point of drill collars that
touches the hole
A. Pendulum ( Dropping ) principle
8

9. 11 Jan 2021
1. RotaryAssembly ( BHA / no motors )
A. Pendulum ( Dropping ) principle
Forces :
- side force
- along the hole
While dropping the side force is greater
than the force along the hole
FS
FATH
9

10. 11 Jan 2021
1. RotaryAssembly ( BHA / no motors )
60’
High
High
60’
Medium
Low
45’
30’
30’
A. Pendulum ( Dropping ) principle
10

11. 11 Jan 2021
Directional assembly
1. Rotary Assembly ( BHA / no motors )
11
A. Pendulum ( Dropping ) principle
B. Fulcrum ( Building ) principle
C. Packed hole Stabilization ( Holding ) principle

12. 11 Jan 2021
1. RotaryAssembly ( BHA / no motors )
- stabilizer just above the bit
- Lever length : length of drill collars between their point of
contact with the low side of the hole and the top of the
stabilizer
B. Fulcrum ( Building ) principle
12

13. 11 Jan 2021
1. RotaryAssembly ( BHA / no motors )
B. Fulcrum ( Building ) principle
WOB
Factors affecting build rate:
- Drill collars diameter - Reducing RPM
- Weight on bit - Flow rate ( soft formation )
13

14. 11 Jan 2021
1. RotaryAssembly ( BHA / no motors )
B. Fulcrum ( Building ) principle
90’
High
High
30’ 60’
High
High to
Medium
60’
Medium
to Low
45’30’
14

15. 11 Jan 2021
Directional assembly
1. Rotary Assembly ( BHA / no motors )
15
A. Pendulum ( Dropping ) principle
B. Fulcrum ( Building ) principle
C. Packed hole Stabilization ( Holding ) principle

16. 11 Jan 2021
1. RotaryAssembly ( BHA / no motors )
C. Packed hole Stabilization ( Holding ) principle
- Consist of a large diameter drill
collars & multiple stabilizers which
provide weight on bit
16

17. 11 Jan 2021
1. RotaryAssembly ( BHA / no motors )
C. Packed hole Stabilization ( Holding ) principle
- Multiple stabilizers guide the bit straight
ahead as it maintain a constant hole angle
- Depend on principle that two point will contact and
follow a sharp curve , while three points will follow a
straight line
17

18. 11 Jan 2021
1. RotaryAssembly ( BHA / no motors )
C. Packed hole Stabilization ( Holding ) principle
15’-20’
Medium
Medium
Low
30’-40’
30’30’, 60’ or 90’
30’ 30’ 5’-15’
30’ or 60’ 30’ or 60’
18

19. STEERABLE ASSEMBLY
( MOTOR / BENT HOUSING )
19
11 Jan 2021

20. 11 Jan 2021
Directional assembly
2. Steerable Assembly ( motor / bent housing )
A. Positive displacement motors ( PDM )
B. Turbine motors
20

21. 11 Jan 2021
Directional assembly
2. Steerable Assembly ( motor / bent housing )
A. Positive displacement motors ( PDM )
B. Turbine motors
21
PDM

22. 11 Jan 2021
2. Steerable Assembly ( Mud Motors )
A. Positive displacement motors ( PDM )
- PDM made of several sections:
a – Bypass valve ( dump sub )
b – Power ( motor ) section
c – Universal joint ( connecting rod section )
d – Bearing section with drive shaft
- PDM made of several sections:
a – Bypass valve ( dump sub )
b – Power ( motor ) section
c – Universal joint ( connecting rod section )
d – Bearing section with drive shaft
22

23. 11 Jan 2021
2. Steerable Assembly ( Mud Motors )
23
A. Positive displacement motors ( PDM )
a – Bypass valve ( dump sub )
- Allows fluid to fill the drill string while
tripping in the hole and to drain while
tripping out.

24. 11 Jan 2021
2. Steerable Assembly ( Mud Motors )
A. Positive displacement motors ( PDM )
- PDM made of several sections:
a – Bypass valve ( dump sub )
b – Power ( motor ) section
c – Universal joint ( connecting rod section )
d – Bearing section with drive shaft
24

25. 11 Jan 2021
2. Steerable Assembly ( Mud Motors )
25
A. Positive displacement motors ( PDM )
b – Power ( motor ) section
- Consist of a rubber stator and a steel rotor
- Depend on Moniteau's principle : mud flowing
under pressure fills the cavities between the
rotor and stator, that make the rotor move into
elliptical shape ( eccentric movement )

26. 11 Jan 2021
2. Steerable Assembly ( Mud Motors )
26
A. Positive displacement motors ( PDM )
b – Power ( motor ) section
-The stator will always have one more
lobe than the rotor

27. 11 Jan 2021
2. Steerable Assembly ( Mud Motors )
27
A. Positive displacement motors ( PDM )
b – Power ( motor ) section

28. 11 Jan 2021
2. Steerable Assembly ( Mud Motors )
28
A. Positive displacement motors ( PDM )
b – Power ( motor ) section
The RPM andTorque are depend on
- number of lobes
- Pitch angle

29. 11 Jan 2021
2. Steerable Assembly ( Mud Motors )
29
A. Positive displacement motors ( PDM )
b – Power ( motor ) section
The greater the number of lobes
- The lower RPM
- The higherTorque

30. 11 Jan 2021
2. Steerable Assembly ( Mud Motors )
A. Positive displacement motors ( PDM )
- PDM made of several sections:
a – Bypass valve ( dump sub )
b – Power ( motor ) section
c – Universal joint ( connecting rod section )
d – Bearing section with drive shaft
30

31. 11 Jan 2021
2. Steerable Assembly ( Mud Motors )
31
A. Positive displacement motors ( PDM )
c – Universal joint ( connecting rod section )
- Convert the eccentric motion into concentric
motion and transmits it to the bit via the drive
shaft and bearing section

32. 11 Jan 2021
2. Steerable Assembly ( Mud Motors )
32
A. Positive displacement motors ( PDM )
c – Universal joint ( connecting rod section )
- Flex rod : Recent development made of
flexible steel or titanium

33. 11 Jan 2021
2. Steerable Assembly ( Mud Motors )
A. Positive displacement motors ( PDM )
- PDM made of several sections:
a – Bypass valve ( dump sub )
b – Power ( motor ) section
c – Universal joint ( connecting rod section )
d – Bearing section with drive shaft
33

34. 11 Jan 2021
2. Steerable Assembly ( Mud Motors )
34
A. Positive displacement motors ( PDM )
d – Bearing section with drive shaft
-Transmit the rotational power
from the universal joint to the bit

35. 11 Jan 2021
2. Steerable Assembly ( Mud Motors )
35
A. Positive displacement motors ( PDM )
- Down hole motor with bent sub :

36. 11 Jan 2021
2. Steerable Assembly ( Mud Motors )
36
A. Positive displacement motors ( PDM )
- Down hole motor with bent sub :
- Bent sub is run above the mud motor
- It depends on sliding ( not rotating )
- Sliding decrease ROP slightly
- Bent sub has different separated sizes
(
1
2
ᵒ , 1ᵒ , 1
1
2
ᵒ ,….) of building the angle

37. 11 Jan 2021
2. Steerable Assembly ( Mud Motors )
37
A. Positive displacement motors ( PDM )
- Adjustable bent housing ( SPDM ) :

38. 11 Jan 2021
2. Steerable Assembly ( Mud Motors )
38
A. Positive displacement motors ( PDM )
- Adjustable bent housing ( SPDM ) :
- Bent sub is run under the mud motor
- It depends on sliding ( not rotating )
- Adjust any angle we need on it

39. 11 Jan 2021
2. Steerable Assembly ( Mud Motors )
39
A. Positive displacement motors ( PDM )

40. 11 Jan 2021
Directional assembly
2. Steerable Assembly ( motor / bent housing )
A. Positive displacement motors ( PDM )
B. Turbine motors
40
TURBINE

41. 11 Jan 2021
2. Steerable Assembly ( Mud Motors )
41
B.Turbine motors
- made of several sections:
a – Drive stages ( motor section )
b – Bearing section
c – Bit drive sub

42. 11 Jan 2021
2. Steerable Assembly ( Mud Motors )
42
B.Turbine motors
- Consist of ( 25-250) stages
- Used to obtain low RPM and
high torque
Drive stages ( motor section )

43. ROTARY STEERABLE ASSEMBLY
( RSS )
43
11 Jan 2021

44. 11 Jan 2021
44
3. Rotary Steerable assembly ( RSS )
- Steering the well bore while rotating the drill string
-These systems do not use bent subs for affecting hole angles
- Programmed by the MWD engineer or directional driller, who transmits commands from the
surface by means of fluid pressure fluctuations in the mud column or variations in the drill string
rotation .

45. 11 Jan 2021
45
3. Rotary Steerable assembly ( RSS )
-
• There are two types of Rotary steerable systems.
1- Push-the-bit systems :
steer the bit by applying a side load that forces the bit
laterally in the direction of the desired curve.
2- Point-the-bit systems :
steer the bit by tilting the bit in the direction of the
desired curve. Push the bitPoint the bit

46. 11 Jan 2021
46
3. Rotary Steerable assembly ( RSS )
-They represent a relatively new form of directional drilling technology like :
- Baker Auto-track- Geo-pilot ( Halliburton )

47. 11 Jan 2021
47
3. Rotary Steerable assembly ( RSS )
-They represent a relatively new form of directional drilling technology like :
- Baker Auto-track- Geo-pilot ( Halliburton )

48. 11 Jan 2021
48
3. Rotary Steerable assembly ( RSS )
-They represent a relatively new form of directional drilling technology like :
- Baker Auto-track- Geo-pilot ( Halliburton )

49. 11 Jan 2021
49
3. Rotary Steerable assembly ( RSS )
-• Advantages of this technology :
1. Save time and cost.
2. Continuous rotation improves ROP.
3. Elimination of the sliding and resulting friction.
4. Fewer sticking pipe occurrence (differential stucking reduced )
5. Continuous rotation helps borehole walls smoother than those drilled with mud
motors; and hence provides higher quality measurements of formation properties.

50. THANKS
ANY QUESTION?
50
11 Jan 2021