This slideshow was compiled according to specs provided by my eCommerce professor. We were tasked with picking an area of technology that was of interest. I have always been fascinated by 3D Printing and I feel that it is a technology that will be greatly expanded in the next 10 years.

1. Have you ever heard the term
“Stereolithography” ?

2. You might know it better as
3D Printing

3. By
Linda Mull
What is 3D Printing

5. Differences in Manufacturing Process

6. 3D Printing is also known as
Additive Manufacturing
Subtractive Manufacturing:
You start with a large piece of
raw material and carve out what
you need. Generally the leftover
is waste.
Additive Manufacturing:
The process of building
something layer by layer

7. Industrial Revolution
Since the industrial revolution we have been using
the Subtractive Manufacturing process
For instance, in the manufacturing of some aircraft parts,
up to 90% of the material is cut away and no longer useful.
Whereas the same object can be made using the additive
manufacturing process and material waste and use of energy
will be dramatically reduced

8. Typical Parts Process
If you need to order a machine part, the process usually goes:
• Order from repairman/store
• They get from a distributor
• The distributor gets from China –
where the part is mass manufactured

9. With 3D printing:
• You 3D print the part in your home from a CAD file you download
• If you don’t have the right printer (using the material you need),
you can go to your local fabricator (like a Kinkos or UPS store) and
have them print it for you
3D Printing can change the way we
manufacture goods

10. 3D Printing has been in use for
decades

11. Origin
In 1986, an American inventor named Charles Hull patented the
process by which you fire a computer controlled ultraviolet laser at
a UV-reactive liquid, thereby solidifying the surface of the material
in thin layers to create a shape
Hull went on to form a company called 3D Systems, which uses
the technology in present day
Source: http://www.ehow.com/about_6518362_3d-printing-work_.html

12. 3D System’s current value

13. • A 3D printer
• A computer with the 3D software program
connected to the printer
What you need

14. How the process works

15. The finished product

16. Methods of Printing

17. Different Methods of Printing
Stereolithography (SLA)
• Beam of ultraviolet-light focused on vat of liquid photo-curable resin.
• UV laser beam draws out the 3D model one layer at a time.
• The slices are bonded to each other.
• The unused resin can be used for the next job.
This is the method that Charles Hull of 3D Systems invented.

18. Different Methods of Printing
Selective Layer Sintering (SLS)
Works similar to SLA, except powder is used instead of resin.
In 1987, Carl Deckard filed a patent in the US for the Selective Layer Sintering
process.
3D Systems later acquired the patent by purchasing a company called DTM Inc.

19. Different Methods of Printing
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
Object is produced by extruding a layer of melted thermoplastic to
form layers that harden almost immediately after leaving the
extrusion nozzle.
Scott Crump, a co-founder of a company called “Stratasys Inc”
filed a patent for the FDM technology.
This proprietary technology is still used by the company today.

20. Different Methods of Printing
Syringe Extrusion
Material that has a creamy consistency can be used in 3D
printers equipped with syringe extruders.
Material such as:
* Clay * Silicone * Chocolate
* Cement * Play-Doh * Cheese

21. Software File Repositories

22. • Just like GitHub, there are file repositories on the internet
that are geared towards providing CAD files for creations
• These repos motivate the sharing of designs
• One of the most popular is Thingiverse
Software File Repos

23. Software File Repos
Source: www.thingiverse.com

24. Software File Repos
Source: www.3dcontentcentral.com

25. Software Programs

26. Google Sketchup

27. Blender
Blender – free, open source software program for 3D modeling

28. Software Scanners

29. Scanners

30. Scanners
The Digitizer costs about $1400
Source: http://www.3dprinter.net/makerbot-digitizer-3d-scanner-unveiled

31. Software Printers

33. #1 Rated Software Printer on Amazon
MakerGear M2

35. Desktop 3D printer
MakerBot Replicator 2
Billed as the easiest, fastest and most
affordable tool

36. MakerBot

37. MakerBot
• In 2013, MakerBot, the most well known consumer 3D
printer brand on the market was purchased by Stratasys.
• Stratasys logic in making this sale is to bring 3D printing
services to the public via The UPS Store

38. Commercial 3D Printing Services

39. Local Locations

40. Price Drop

41. Expiration of
patents will
cause a price
drop

42. Costs
• It was predicted that the price of 3D printing would drop
in 2014 because of key patents expiring
• The patent covering “laser sintering” was expected to
expire and allow room in the market for the technology to
expand
• The same thing happened when the FDM process patent
expired
Source:
http://qz.com/106483/3d-printing-will-explode-in-2014-thanks-to-the-expiration-of-key-patents/

43. Fun Things you can do
with the technology

44. Objects that can be printed
Jewelry
This piece of jewelry was
made using Google
Earth and creating a
perfect 3D scale model
of the Eiffel Tower.

45. Shopping Place for 3D creations
Source: http://www.shapeways.com/marketplace/?li=nav-tab

46. Positive Uses for the technology

47. Positive Uses for this Technology
Animal Prosthetics
There are a number of stories on the internet that tell how this
technology has helped humans, as well as animals.

48. Animal Orthocare

49. Animal Prosthetics
Derby, is a female German Shepherd born
with deformed front paws.
• 3D Systems approached Animal
Orthocare to team up in creating
prosthetics that would allow Derby to
be able to freely move around.

50. Animal Prosthetics
Beauty, a Bald Eagle who was found in an Alaskan dump with her
beak shot almost completely off.
Eagles use their beak for many purposes, such as:
• preening their feathers to stay clean
• feeding themselves and drinking.
Without the vital point to her beak, Beauty would quickly starve.

51. Animal Prosthetics

52. Animal Prosthetics
My name is TurboRoo!! I was
born with just my back two legs
due to a genetic disorder. I am
small and I am mighty and I am
going to take on the world!
Source: http://www.turboroo.com/

53. Animal Prosthetics

54. Positive Uses for this Technology
3D Printed Food Serves Special Needs
3D printed food can serve some important specialized needs, such
as food for seniors with dysphagia (difficulty swallowing):
http://www.3duniverse.org/category/3d-printing/

55. Positive Uses for this Technology
Medicine
A woman in China was diagnosed with a renal tumor that
was situated next to major blood vessels. Normally the
surgeon would be forced to remove the entire kidney.
Her doctors created a 3D model that allowed them to try
out various scenarios to determine how to safely remove the
tumor and leave her kidney intact.

56. Positive Uses for this Technology
Bioprinting
The technology involves the creation of replacement tissues and organs that are
printed layer-by-layer into a three-dimensional structure.
Source: http://www.3dbioprintingconference.com/

57. Positive Uses for this Technology
Human hand
• A North Carolina college student has created a
prosthetic hand for kids that costs a lot less than
regular models.
• Senior Jeff Powell studies biomedical engineering
at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
took on the project after learning about Holden
from one of his professors
• The invention that was made using a 3D printer
and has dramatically improved life for one little
boy.
• "It's an amazing $20," Holden said. "And
normally the materials cost a lot. Like a thousand
dollars.”

58. Positive Uses for this Technology

59. Positive Uses for this Technology
Environment
GE’s Aviation Division partnered with a French Company, Snecma” to
manufacture 3d printed fuel nozzles for its LEAP jet engine.
GE decided it was a substantial cost savings for them because they will
use less material.
Also since the parts are lighter, the airlines will save money in fuel
costs.

60. Negative Uses for the technology

61. Negative Uses for this Technology
Cody Wilson
In 2013, Wilson was a University of Texas School of Law who didn’t
know how to operate a 3D printer when he set about to make a gun.
It took him less than a year to design and print his first gun, he called it
the “Liberator”.
He then uploaded the CAD files to the internet and some 100,000
people downloaded them before the State Department made him take
the down.
Wilson then went on to create the company “Defense Distributed”.

62. Negative Uses for this Technology
Wilson’s digital files fall into a gray area with export control laws.
The State Department wanted him to take the files down until it could
make a determination if it was against the law.
The issue of the First Amendment – Freedom of Speech – for
publishing the files
The issue of the Second Amendment – Right to bear and keep firearms
Since the gun is made of plastic – it is undetectable to metal detectors,
which is against the UFA (Undetectable Firearms Act)

63. Terrorism

64. Negative Uses for this Technology
Environment
• Since you are using plastics, the fumes from the printers are not
environmental friendly
• You could use PLA Bioplastics It requires less energy to print (and less
energy to manufacture) than ABS plastic; it's also less toxic and has
better print quality.
• Because of all this, it is rapidly becoming a standard 3D printing
material for hobbyists
Source: http://gizmodo.com/3d-printing-indoors-is-as-bad-for-you-as-smoking-a-ciga-894193776

65. Negative Uses for this Technology
Environment
• These printers are energy hogs
• Because energy use dominates 3D printers' impacts, the best way to reduce
impacts is to reduce run-time.
Source: http://gizmodo.com/3d-printing-indoors-is-as-bad-for-you-as-smoking-a-ciga-894193776

66. Conclusion
Questions?