Greeting everyone, This is a Crisp overview of 3D Printing that was presented by me in a seminar. Looking forward to improve the same, Any suggestion, comment, questions are welcome. Thank You.

1. Presented By: Mehul Rohit
Profession: Pharmacist (M.Pharm, Pharmaceutics)
Contact: mehulrohit1299@gmail.com
3D Printing in Healthcare
system : A Crisp overview

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A brief introduction
History and Present
Basic Components of a 3D-
Printing unit
3D-Printing Methods
Material for 3DP
Applications
Future aspects

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Introduction
It can be defined as a “process or method that enables fabrication of
objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle,
or another printer technology”
“3D printing is an additive manufacturing process which constructs an object
in a layer-by-layer manner using a digital design”
Synonym
Additive Manufacturing
Rapid Prototyping
Solid free form fabrication
layered manufacturing

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 3DP- 3 Dimensional Printing
Important terms.
 CAD: Computer Aided Design
 SLA: Stereolithography
 DLP: Digital Light Processing
 FDM: Fused deposition Modeling

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History
Dr. Hideo Kodama
• Inventor of RAPID PROTYPING, using photopolymer. 1980
• Applied for patent in Japan but failed to show working model
due to funding issues. Hence his patent was revoked.
• Later published two fundamental research and review to
support his experiments.

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Automatic Method for Fabricating a Three-Dimensional Plastic Model with
PhotoHardening Polymer, in Review of Scientific Instruments.
Three-Dimensional Data Display by Automatic Preparation of a Three-
Dimensional Model

8. Chuck Hull
• Invented Stereolithographiy, 1983
• File’s Patent for SLA , 1984
• Co-Founder of the FIRST 3DP company called as the 3D System, 1986
• Commercializes first 3D printer SLA-1, 1987 and is issued Patent in
1989 for SLS (selective laser sintering)
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Scot Crump
Patented FDM technology in 1989.
Created First fully functional FDM Printer 1992.
Found Stratasys in 1988, with his wife Lisa Crump.

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1990’s
Printers
Medical
devices Pharmaceutical

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RepRap
• Project initiated at University of Bath, United Kingdom
• Working Self-Replicating 3D Printer,2007
• Replicating-Rapid Prototyping
• First child “Printed”28 May, 2008”
• Invented by Adrian Bowyer
Image Courtesy: reprap.org

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Printing Our self?
Organovo
(San Diego, California)
Inkjet Printing of viable cells, Patented By Dr. Thomas Boland, 2003
Commercializes exVive3D™ Human Liver Tissue, 2014
Commercializes exVive3D™ Human Kidney Tissue, 2016
Currently Working on, 3DP for Skeletal Muscle Tissue, for research purpose
Other industries:
Cyfuse Biomedical
Biobots
3D Bioprinting solutions
Aspect Biosystems
Rokit

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Dr. Anthony Atala
Wake Forest Institution for Regenerative Medicine
Biotechnology and Regenerative Medicine.
Gave the concept of full-scale body printing and organ printing.

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Software's:
 Autodesk (AutoCAD)
 Creo
 Maya
 CATia
 Rhino
 Cinema 4D
 Blender
 Revit

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Print Bed
Outer Chassis
Inner Chassis
Instrument Panel
Main Deck
Motion Control
Printing Head

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Print Bed
Outer Chassis
Inner Chassis
Instrument Panel
Main Deck
Motion Control
Printing Head

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Print Bed
Outer Chassis
Inner Chassis
Instrument Panel
Main Deck
Motion Control
Printing Head

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Print Bed
Outer Chassis
Inner Chassis
Instrument Panel
Main Deck
Motion Control
Printing Head
Non-Sticky, Heated or Cooled
Bed leveling gauges

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Print Bed
Outer Chassis
Inner Chassis
Instrument Panel
Main Deck
Motion Control
Printing Head
Basic Protection and enforcement (SS, Plastic, Forged Steel etc.)
Acrylic Compartment, Sealed door, Clear and transparent for viewing.

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Print Bed
Outer Chassis
Inner Chassis
Instrument Panel
Main Deck
Motion Control
Printing Head
Act as frame for Motion Control.
Must be sturdy to minimize vibrations.

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Print Bed
Outer Chassis
Inner Chassis
Instrument Panel
Main Deck
Motion Control
Printing Head
Controls Motion of the Printing Head.
Two Types
Cartesian & Delta

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Cartesian
x
z
y
One or two motors at each end of each axis
controls the movement and provides
direction.

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Delta
Triangular movement, length wise and height wise

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Print Bed
Outer Chassis
Inner Chassis
Instrument Panel
Main Deck
Motion Control
Printing Head

26. Extruder
Motor
Heat Sink
Gear
Fan

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Stereolithography (SLA)
Direct Printing (DW)
Fused deposition Modeling (FDM)
Digital Light Processing (DLP)
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
Selective Laser Melting (SLM)
Electronic Beam Melting (EBM)
Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)
Binder Jetting (BJ)
Material Jetting (MJ)

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Stereolithography (SLA)

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Stereolithography (SLA)
Printed layer
Containment Unit
Photopolymer
Layer by Layer Deposition
Laser

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Digital Writing (DW)
Extruder – nozzle
Setup
layer
By
Layer Deposition

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Fused Deposition Modelling
Filament
Nozzle

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Materials for Bio-printing
Ideal Properties: In One word “Bio-Inert”
 Non-Irritating
 Non-Corrosive
 No Local or Systematic effect of itself except the
one (or more) function that its designed for.
 Nil Debris or lesser wear and tear.
 Chemical resistant
 Should degrade in non-toxic Compound after
use.
material is IDEAL”“NO

33. Materials for Bio-printing
Material Currently used in
Titanium alloy
Pacemaker cans, Dental implants, fracture plate,
Spinal cage
Platinum Alloy Electrodes
NiTiNOL
(Nickle-Titanium Alloy)
Shape memory alloy
SS
(Stainless Steel)
Stents, Implants
Calcium Phosphate Bone substitutes
PEEK
(Polyether
EtherKetone)
Spinal cages
PMMA
(Polymethyl
Methacrylate)
Bone cement
Polyurerthane Insulation

34. Materials for Pharmaceutical
Natural Polymers
Hyaluronic acid, Alginic acid, Pectin, Chitosan, Collagen, Dextran,
Agarose, Pullulan.
Synthetic and their combinations:
PEG-PLA-PEG
PEG-PLGA-PEG
PLA-PEG-PLA
Reported Polymers used in formulations are
HPMC, HPEC, PEO, Starch, PEGDA (Polyethyleneglycol Diacrylate),
Polycaprolactone (PCL),

35. For Biomedical Use:
Already done?
• Liver
• Kidney
• Implants
• Fracture plates
(Organs are used only for clinical research purpose)
Working on?
Fully functional organs for transplant in humans.
Repairing of Disease or damage organs.

36. For Pharmaceutical Use:
Already done?
Fast dissolving tablets of Levitiracetam (Spitram) by Aprecia
Pharmaceuticals (ZipDoseTM Technology).
Dose Loading Up to 1000mg (1gm).
What else can be done?
Oral Thin Film
Face mask
Patches
Multilayer Tablets…

37. Medical supervisor, Pharmacist and Patient
• Print Medicine bed side as required for the patient.
• No more waiting for organ donor.
• Print The fracture plate and joints as per requirement and direct installment.
• Convenience for medical supervisor and the patient in terms of giving and
receiving treatment.
• Take’s Pharmacist back to old time; Compounding and Dispensing, instead of
just DISPENSING

38. • Ease of printing any time.
• Design a product and print at a click.
• Accuracy way much better than conventional
• Efficient
• Software design enable user to change the specification (Dimension and
composition) in real time.
• Design change can be varied infinite time.
• Helps in visualizing product before its formed. (Digital Design)

39. • Yet Not fully developed for every component in our industry. (Institution
level. R&D and F&D is good)
• Large scale manufacturing is slower than conventional
• Printers still needs some major advances to print complex organs.
• Use of Non-Bio-Compatible material is more and hence a major limitation

40. 4D Printing.
4D is helping an organ or tissue grow to a full scale of itself at cellular level by
providing essentials.
That means developing a fully functional and exact copy of the existing organ
and tissues
May sound like a futuristic movie!
But remember
“Some people belived that earth is flat”

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Reference
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 AlvaroGoyanes, Masanori Kobayashi, Ramón Martínez-Pacheco, Simon Gaisford, Abdul W. Basit. "Fused-
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