The process of reproducing digital images on physical surfaces is called Digital Printing. The physical surfaces can be in any form like a common paper, cloth, plastic, a photographic paper, film, etc.

1.  MD.AZMERI LATIF BEG
 M. Sc in Textile Engineering
 Specialized in Apparel Manufacturing, Processing
and Designing

2.  Digital print directly transfer print onto the fabric by
ink. In advanced technology develop no need a paper
or film which is used previously to print digitally.
New machine directly print fabric. Digital printing is
the ideal printing technique for photos and colorful
designs which have gradients. This printing
technique does not last as long as flex and flock. The
colors fade over time. In this form of printing micro-
sized droplets of dye are placed onto the fabric
through an inkjet print head. The print system
software interprets the data supplied by academic
Textile digital image file. The digital image file has
the data to control the droplet output so that the
image quality and color control may be achieved.
This is the latest development in textile printing and
is expanding very fast.

3.  The process of reproducing digital images on
physical surfaces is called Digital Printing. The
physical surfaces can be in any form like a
common paper, cloth, plastic, a photographic
paper, film, etc.

4.  The idea of digital printing on textiles has been
around for some time. Carpet inkjet printing
machines have been used since the early 1970s.
Digital ink jet printing of continuous rolls of
textile fabrics was shown at ITMA in 1995.
Again at ITMA in 2003, several industrial inkjet
printers were introduced to the marketplace
which made digital printing on textiles the new
industry standard. These new generation
machines had much higher outputs, higher
resolution printing heads, and more
sophisticated textile material handling systems
allowing a wide various fabrics to be printed.

5. It is the more advanced type of digital
printing.
This includes:-
•Jet spray printing
•Electrostatic printing
•Photo printing
•Differential printing

6. Direct To Garment Printing (DTG) – While screen printing technique is
considered to be traditional and known by everybody, direct to
garment printing is fairly new. Because it is new, the printer is also
very expensive, but the quality of the printed t-shirts is excellent. With
the direct to garment printers, the design is printed directly on t-shirt
or on the desired product (mouse pad, caps etc.).The art process
allows unlimited colors and shades to be printed, thing that could not
be possible with the screen printing. It is the perfect option for photo
t-shirts and very detailed images. Direct to garment printing is
considered to be the only professional option for low run orders. That
means you can print one t-shirt or 100 without problems. The printing
process in the case of DTG takes longer than in the case of screen
printing and the big disadvantage is that the artwork can’t be printed
on dark t-shirts (with few exceptions). Also, that’s the reason why the
printer does not print the white color. The result is professional and
designs are not felt on the garment.

8. Laser print
•Suitable for printing of accessory fabrics such as bags, caps and hats.
•The design is put on transparent transfer foil, and then cut out and
pressed on the fabrics while applying great heat.
•Smooth, slightly shiny print with brilliant print results that stay when
hand-washing.
Photo Printing M/C
•Laser imaging, also known as digital photo printing, uses lasers or
other light forms to produce photo-realistic images on silver-halide
photographic paper. It is one of the most popular techniques for wide-
format photo production and is also increasingly used for digital-photo
finishing. Able to deliver true colors, it acts as a very good advertising
medium when stunning impact is required.
•Direct printing on garment or Direct to garment printing has fewer
processes and uses fewer chemicals than screen printing.

9. Thermal transfer digital printing applies heat, using diffusion or
sublimation, to a thin carrier film, transferring dye molecules or colored
coating to a coated receiver sheet. The heat is typically emitted from a
computer controlled laser array, though it can also use technology
similar to that found in thermal fax machines. This method is very
effective at producing high quality color prints.
The most popular digital printing method in use today is inkjet, which
uses small drops of ink produced by a computer controlled actuator.
There are three common applications of inkjet technology; Piezo,
Continuous-Flow and Thermal, each of which relates to different
actuator set-ups, delivering unique results. Each application tends to
combine dye-based or pigmented aqueous inks.
The droplets released by the nozzles hit the surface to be printed on,
which is typically paper, and produce minute dots. The image creation is
controlled to form precise patterns which can be modified by
professional print companies through the amending of droplet size,
actuator speed, and surface types. This allows for exceedingly high
quality finishes to be achieved.

10. The concept of direct to garment printing process
basically includes the use of a DTG printer to lay down a
water based ink with chemical binders on the garment
such as a T-shirt. The ink was then cured to the T-shirt
using a textile conveyor dryer or a heat press. Generally,
the machine utilizes a 4- color ink process that mixes
magenta, black, cyan, and yellow to create the desired
colors in the design.
Direct to garment printing has fewer processes and uses
less chemicals than screen printing. This serves as the
perfect choice for full color printing since there is no
additional charge asked for the amount of colors needed
to complete the design.

14. Feature of Digital Direct Printing
•Print with computer-operated digital print, ideally
suited for large-scale prints.
•Colors are sprayed on and made durable with a
hardener. The fabrics can still be felt when
touching the design.
•Results in a relaxed “vintage look”. The design
looks a bit faded, don’t expect brash colors.
•Digital direct is not available for all of our
products.

15. Effects and Presences of Digital Printing
There has been no greater effect on the print industry over recent years
than the introduction of digital printing. As technologies have gone from
strength to strength, it is fast becoming the go to medium for businesses
throughout the country. Ideal for short and long runs, on-demand
printing and time sensitive campaign runs, the flexibility afforded by
printing digitally is a huge benefit to many - both in initial investment and
return on investment.
In the best print companies, there are a number of techniques which can
be used for digital printing. Methods include electro photography (using
dry and liquid toner), laser imaging on photographic paper, thermal
transfer (dye sublimation transfer and mass transfer) and most
commonly, inkjet printing.
Electro photography digital printing uses the application of liquid or dry
toner onto photo receptive surfaces, upon which a charge is produced
from a laser or similar light source. This transfers the toner either
directly to paper or to paper through a blanket sheet, which is then fused
to create the intended image.

17. Digital Textile Printing Method Traditional Printing Methods
 Has greater flexibility.
 Easy applications.
 Can be used for
versatile purposes.
 Takes less time.
 Having more colors
along with photo-
realistic effects.
 Present a variety of
exclusive textile
designs
 Less flexibility.
 Less convenient in
applying.
 Can be used for limited
purposes.
 Take more time.
 Comparatively less colors
and absent of photo-
realistic effects.
 Having less no. of
varieties regarding
designs.

20. Name of Digital Printing
Inks
Types of fibers used
Acid inks
Disperse inks
Dye based inks
Reactive inks
Silks & Nylons
Polyesters
Not used for any fabrics, used for
photography only.
All cellulose based fibers:
Cotton, Linen & Rayon

21.  Polyesters Canvas
 Silk Chiffon
 Polyesters Satin
 Cotton Lycra Jersey
 Natural Linen
 Polyester Canvas
 Cotton Canvas
 Cotton Sateen
 Nylon Mesh
 Silk Chiffon
 Silk Satin
 Cotton Funnel
 Crepe Georgette

22.  The image can be printed all over the
entire item, with no difficulty in printing all
the way to the edges.
 Colors can be extraordinarily brilliant due
to the bonding of the dye to the
transparent fibers of the synthetic fabric.
 It is time saving for sampling as compare
to rotary process.
 Truly continuous tones can be achieved
that are equivalent to photographs,
without the use special techniques such as
half-screen printing.
 Time saving for sampling only.

23. Digital printing involves any reproduction process that does not use a
static image carrier (such as a plate). Every page impression is re-
generated, even if they are the same.
Digital printing can use any method that places spots of coloured
particles on substrates, with toner and inkjet being most common.

24. Sublimation Printing
 Paper image is transfer on the surface
of the polyester fabric.
 There is no need of fabric to be coated.
 Base fabric should be synthetic or 100%
polyester,
 Disperse dyes are used
 Sublimation will not fade, even after
multiple washings
 Sublimation dyes does not penetrate the
surface of fabric. So back side of fabric
always white.
 Production feasible and less costly for
bigger run.
Digital Printing
 The inks are printed directly to the
coated fabric.
 There is need of fabric to be coated .
 All fabric can used as base except
polyester or synthetic.
 Reactive dyes are used
 Digital print can get fade after multiple
washing.
 In this dyes penetrate the surface of
base fabric. Digital relying on molecular
bonding,.
 It is not production feasible , Ideal for
sampling only.
Azmir_latif@yahoo.com24

25.  Digital printing provides an opportunity to meet
the present day market trends of mass
customization.
 It has established as an acceptable technology for
sample production.
 Among other technology problems speed of
printing is the main hurdle in commercialization
of technology.
 Attempts are being made to achieve commercially
acceptable printing speeds.
 Till then the practice of combination of digital
printing for sampling and rotary screen printing
for production will continue.