Nacrolepsy is the second one main purpose of immoderate daytime sleepiness.

1. Nacrolepsy

2. Nacrolepsy
Narcolepsy is a neurological issue that influences
the control of sleep and wakefulness. It is
characterized by excessive sleepiness, sleep
paralysis, hallucinations, and in some cases
episodes of cataplexy (partial or total loss of muscle
control, often triggered by a strong emotion such as
laughter).
 Narcolepsy occurs equally in men and women and is
thought to affect roughly 1 in 2,000 people
 In a typical sleep cycle, people enter the early stages
of sleep followed by deeper sleep stages and
ultimately (after about 90 minutes) rapid eye
movement (REM) sleep.

3. Nacrolepsy
 But in case of nacrolepsy, REM sleep
occurs almost immediately in the sleep
cycle, as well as periodically during the
waking hours. It is in REM sleep that
make us experience dreams and muscle
paralysis, which are the
common symptoms of nacroplasy.
 It usually occurs between the ages of 15
and 25, but it can become apparent at any
age. In many cases, narcolepsy is
undiagnosed and, therefore, untreated.
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4. Symptoms of nacrolepsy
There may certain symptoms which can indicate
nacrolepsy. It may include:
 Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS)-EDS is the
most common symptom of narcolepsy and usually
the first symptom to appear (usually between the
ages of 10-20 years old). EDS is portrayed by a
chronic persistence of feeling sleepy and involuntary
episodes of falling asleep without warning.
 Sleep paralysis-Sleep paralysis is the inability to
move or speak where one is falling asleep or waking
up. During sleep paralysis the person is conscious
of the surrounding, but can't move as the body is
still in REM sleep.

5. Symptoms of nacrolepsy
 Cataplexy-Cataplexy is very similar to sleep
paralysis in that there is an involuntary
inability to move muscles or speak, but unlike
of sleep paralysis it can occur in any time of
the sleep.
 Hallucinations- Patients of nacrolepsy can
experience hallucinations during waking up or
during sleep onset in day. It can be vivid and
often frightening.
 Disturbed nocturnal sleep-Person suffering
from nacroplasy may have difficult remaining
asleep in night as they have difficult remaining
awake in daytime.
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6. Causes of nacrolepy
Though the causes of nacrolepsy is not completely
known. But there be some thought causes, which
include:
 Autoimmune disorders- The occurrence of cataplexy is
most often due to the the loss of brain cells that produce
hypocretin. Although the reason for this cell loss is
unknown, it appears to be linked to abnormalities in the
immune system. Body's own immune system attacks the
hypocretin brain cells which may be associated with
other enviormental factors.
 Family history- Nacroplasy is not a inherited disease. But
in 10% cases the risk may increase due to family history.
 Brain injuries- Rarely, narcolepsy results from traumatic
injury to parts of the brain that regulate wakefulness and
REM sleep or from tumors and other diseases in the
same regions.

7. Treatment of nacrolepsy
 Stimulants-Drugs used to stimulate the central nervous
system to help people stay awake, and certain
amphetamine-like drugs are the most common stimulants
given.
 Antidepressants-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
(SSRI's) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake
inhibitors (SNRI's) have been used to suppress REM
sleep, alleviate cataplexy and sleep paralysis and
hallucinations.
 Sodium Oxybate-Sodium oxybate is a strong sedative
that is administered at night and helps relieve symptoms
of cataplexy and EDS. But, sodium oxybate can have
serious side effects so concern of doctor is strictly
recommended.
 Xyrem- It is a new medicine helps people with narcolepsy
get a better night's sleep, allowing them to be less sleepy
during the day.

8. Diagnosis of nacrolepsy
A preliminary study of the patient is done regarding the
symptoms of EDS and cataplexy. But certain further
diagnosis may be done, which include:
 Polysomnogram (PSG)-A polysomnogram is an
overnight sleep study in which patients are hooked up to
a variety of equipment that record brain activity, eye
movements, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen levels,
body movement, and more. Certain test is used to
document any abnormalities in patients sleep cycle.
 Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT)-A MSLT is a sleep
study that is performed during the day to measure the
tendency to fall asleep during the day and how rapidly a
patient fall asleep. MSLT's generally follow a
Polysomnogram and record whether the patient fall
asleep during the test, and if so, which stages of sleep
you enter

9. Treatment
Nacrolepsy cannot be treated completely,
use of drugs and following certain living
pattern can help the patient to reduce
symptoms, and control daytime sleep.
Support from family and near ones may be
the most effective treatment.

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