What does Artificial Intelligence mean and what are the challenges for healthcare and occupational health in this changing work environment.

1. Artificial Intelligence
in Occupational Health
Lauri Muhonen
Chief Digital Officer
Lääkärikeskus Aava
5.6.2018

2. Goals
1. Understand what is the definition of Artifical Intelligence?
2. What natural changes are happening in work environment?
3. How can AI help to achieve best possible Occupational
Health and what are the challenges?

3. What is AI?

4. ”Artificial Intelligence is a device
that perceives its environment
and takes actions that maximize
its chance of successfully
achieving its goal.”
Source: Computational Intelligence: A Logical Approach
Oxford University Press / Poole, Mackworth, Goebel (1998)

5. Machine Learning
Natural Language
Processing
Knowledge
reasoning
Planning
Computer vision
Robotics

6. Occam’s razor:
“The simplest theory that explains the data is the likeliest”
Supervised Learning
• Support Vector Machines
• Nearest Neighbor method
Unsupervised Learning
• Clustering & anomaly detection
• Neural networks

7. Work life is changing

8. Communication skills and employee
motivation are more crucial than ever as the
importance of physical location is vanishing.

9. Shortage of work force will
enforce the importance of
employee wellbeing as a
competitive factor

10. Self-awareness of
environment and own
wellbeing is increasing

11. Worklife is
integral part of
identity and need
to provide meaning

12. What does this mean in
Occupational Health?

13. Use of health data will significatly
increase the quality of predictive
healthcare in Occupational Health.

14. 16,7 Zetabytes / year
1 ZB =1 000 000 000 000 GB
Source: Forbes.com

15. Artifical Intelligence:
92 % correct
Pathologist:
96 % correct
Combined:
99,5 %
Source: Artificial Intelligence (AI) Improves Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Tissuepathology / Dr. Keith J. Kaplan (2016)

16. Predictive Occupational Health
=
Eyes towards future -
Weak signal detection

17. Weak signal detection
Hit
False
alarm
Miss
Correct
reject
Doctor
says ”YES”
Doctor
says ”NO”
diagnose
present
diagnose
not present
Source: Signal Detection Theory
New York University, Department of Psychology / Dr. David Heeger (2006)
Hit
False alarm
Miss
Correct
reject
Doctor
says ”YES”
Doctor
says ”NO”
diagnose
present
diagnose
not present

18. Weak signal detection
Source: Signal Detection Theory
New York University, Department of Psychology / Dr. David Heeger (2006)
Shifting criteria changes
the probability of hits vs. false alarms
With more data, noise gets lower
and overlap of probabilities decreases

19. AI does not replace the need for
physical contact or empathy.

20. Top 5 challenges of AI in healthcare

21. New research updates the interpretation of
health data2.
Health data is scattered around different
solutions and are mostly non-structured3.
Systematic errors are critical in healthcare4.
Privacy of individual’s data is crucial5.
Health data is complex and variables
fluxuating  Unsupervised learning1.

22. Looking forward of building
a better health together.