Introduction to Dentistry Al-azhar university Gaza collage of dentistry upload by Lama El Banna Dr. Hazem Al agramy

2. College of DentistryCollege of Dentistry
Introduction to dentistryIntroduction to dentistry
Introduction toIntroduction to Oral SurgeryOral Surgery
Dr. Hazem Al AjramiDr. Hazem Al Ajrami

3. DefinitionDefinition
Its that branch of dental science dealing withIts that branch of dental science dealing with
all surgical procedures of the teeth, oral cavity,all surgical procedures of the teeth, oral cavity,
surrounding soft and hard tissues.surrounding soft and hard tissues.
Eg. Facial trauma and bone fractures, teethEg. Facial trauma and bone fractures, teeth
extraction, impacted teeth surgery, etc…….extraction, impacted teeth surgery, etc…….

4. Relations between oral surgery andRelations between oral surgery and
anatomical structuresanatomical structures
 Surgical procedures depend upon goodSurgical procedures depend upon good
knowledge of anatomy of the area of surgery,knowledge of anatomy of the area of surgery,
anatomy of the bones and related soft tissues.anatomy of the bones and related soft tissues.

5. 1.1. Extractions of decayed teeth that cannot beExtractions of decayed teeth that cannot be
restored.restored.
2.2. Surgical removal of impacted teeth.Surgical removal of impacted teeth.
3.3. Extraction of nonvital teeth.Extraction of nonvital teeth.
4.4. Preprosthetic surgery to smooth and contourPreprosthetic surgery to smooth and contour
the alveolar ridge.the alveolar ridge.
5.5. Removal of teeth for orthodontic treatment.Removal of teeth for orthodontic treatment.
6.6. Removal of root fragments.Removal of root fragments.
Indications for Maxillofacial
Surgery

6. 7.7. Removal of cysts and tumors.Removal of cysts and tumors.
8.8. Biopsy.Biopsy.
9.9. Treatment of fractures of the mandible orTreatment of fractures of the mandible or
maxilla.maxilla.
10.10. Surgery to alter the size or shape of the facialSurgery to alter the size or shape of the facial
bones.bones.
11.11. Cleft lip and cleft palate repairs.Cleft lip and cleft palate repairs.
12.12. Surgical implant procedures.Surgical implant procedures.

13. Sterilization and disinfectionSterilization and disinfection
Because surgical procedures invade openBecause surgical procedures invade open
tissue, the surgical team must follow a steriletissue, the surgical team must follow a sterile
technique.technique.
Sterilization: control of contamination bySterilization: control of contamination by
killing all bacterial and viral growth by:killing all bacterial and viral growth by:
Boiling.Boiling.
Dry heat.Dry heat.
Moist heat under pressure.Moist heat under pressure.

14. Sterilization (dry heat)Sterilization (dry heat)

15. Sterilization (moist heat)Sterilization (moist heat)

16. ScrubbingScrubbing

17. DisinfectionDisinfection
 To destroy or reduce pathogenicTo destroy or reduce pathogenic
microorganisms by physical or chemical means.microorganisms by physical or chemical means.
 Solutions:Solutions:
Alcohol, sodium hypochlorite, phenol,Alcohol, sodium hypochlorite, phenol,
chlorohexidine.chlorohexidine.
Gases.Gases.
Ultraviolet rays.Ultraviolet rays.

18. Surgical instrumentsSurgical instruments
Extraction forceps and elevatorsExtraction forceps and elevators

19. Surgical instrumentsSurgical instruments
ScalpelScalpel Surgical curetteSurgical curette

20. Surgical instrumentsSurgical instruments
needle holderneedle holder
SuturesSutures

21.  Surgical bursSurgical burs
Have extra-long shanks and used toHave extra-long shanks and used to
remove bone, or to cut or split the crownsremove bone, or to cut or split the crowns
or roots of teeth.or roots of teeth.

23. Anesthesia & ExtractionAnesthesia & Extraction
Anesthesia:Anesthesia:
Local anesthesia.Local anesthesia.
General anesthesia.General anesthesia.

24. Tooth extractionTooth extraction
 Mean:Mean: remove the tooth from the dentalremove the tooth from the dental
arches.arches.
 Tooth extraction should be the last choice ofTooth extraction should be the last choice of
treatment.treatment.

25. Tooth extractionTooth extraction
 Medical and dental history is important beforeMedical and dental history is important before
extraction.extraction.
 Good examination.Good examination.
 Good sterilization.Good sterilization.
 Suitable type of anesthesia.Suitable type of anesthesia.
 Select the suitable extraction forceps.Select the suitable extraction forceps.
 Good patient and chair position.Good patient and chair position.
 Suitable extraction movement.Suitable extraction movement.
 Good knowledge of the anatomy.Good knowledge of the anatomy.
 Be ready for any complication.Be ready for any complication.
 Good post operative instructions.Good post operative instructions.

26. Medical compromised patients: mean thoseMedical compromised patients: mean those
group with general medical disease need toothgroup with general medical disease need tooth
extraction, need special care e.g. cardiac patientsextraction, need special care e.g. cardiac patients

27. Facial traumaFacial trauma
Due to road traffic accidents. Gun shot, fallingDue to road traffic accidents. Gun shot, falling
down, work accident which lead to either softdown, work accident which lead to either soft
tissue lacerations or bone fractures or both.tissue lacerations or bone fractures or both.

28. Fracture maxillaFracture maxilla

29. Fracture mandibleFracture mandible

30. Impacted teethImpacted teeth
Definition: it’s the tooth embedded in the boneDefinition: it’s the tooth embedded in the bone
or partially erupted due to lack of space,or partially erupted due to lack of space,
diagnosed clinically and radiologically, shoulddiagnosed clinically and radiologically, should
be treated by surgical removal.be treated by surgical removal.

32. Postsurgical ComplicationsPostsurgical Complications
AlveolitisAlveolitis (dry socket).(dry socket).
Causative factors:Causative factors:
Inadequate blood supply to the socket.Inadequate blood supply to the socket.
Trauma to the socket.Trauma to the socket.
Infection within the socket.Infection within the socket.
Dislodging of the clot from the socket.Dislodging of the clot from the socket.

33. Special anatomySpecial anatomy
Oral cavity.Oral cavity.
Skull.Skull.
Muscles of mastication.Muscles of mastication.
Salivary glands.Salivary glands.

34. Thank YouThank You