World Englishes Power, Ideology & Identitiy Download: https://dollarupload.com/dl/2f55c29dd

1. ‘’Presentation’’
Presented By : Laiba Yaseen
Roll No. (0004-BS-ENG-2016)
Presented To : Sir Mubashir Iqbal
Subject : World Englishes
‘’Power, Ideology & Identity’’
Department : BS-English
Semester : 8th

2. Introduction:
 English language are presented specifically in relation to the unprecedented global
spread of the language.
 It is claimed that the most vital power is that of the ‘ideological change’.
 Abongdia in Cameroon with Francophone high school students.

3. Formulation of Linguistic Imperialism:
 Linguistic imperialism is occasionally defined as "the transfer of a dominant language to other
people".
 In the modern world, linguistic imperialism may also be considered in the context of international
development, affecting the standard by which organizations like the International Monetary Fund
(IMF) and the World Bank evaluate the trustworthiness and value of structural adjustment loans.
 Robert Phillipson's 1992 book, Linguistic Imperialism, has led to considerable debate about its
merits and shortcomings.
 Dr. Phillipson argues that the defining characteristics of linguistic imperialism:
1. Favoring the dominant language
2. Resources and infrastructure are given
3. Causes injustice and inequality
4. Contested and resisted

4. Three types of argument:
1. Intrinsic Argument
2. Extrinsic Argument
3. Functional Argument

5. Formulation of Cultural Politics:
 Tomlinson (1991) summarizes four approaches to analyzing the characteristics of cultural politics,
namely: cultural politics as media imperialism; cultural politics as a discourse of nationality;
cultural politics as the critique of global capitalism; cultural politics as the critique' of modernity.
 In most former British colonies in Africa and Asia, e.g. Nigeria, Kenya, and Malaysia, English has
often been adopted as the official language in education, administration and law.
 In the global context, it is claimed that English is learned because of its connection to popular
culture and the mass media.
 Kroes (1999) argues, most of the research on cultural production tends to focus on the senders
(the Centre) rather than the receivers (the Periphery).
 Pennycook (1994) argues that the promotion of English has changed from the pre-Second World
War era.

6. Ideological Bases of Applied Linguistics:
 Silverstein (1992: 315) notes: “There is no possible absolutely pre-ideological,
i.e., zero-order, social semiotic.”
 Frameworks vs alternative frameworks.
 “There is no natural fixed structure to language”
 They learned about the “rules” of language, “parts of speech,” “good grammar”.

7. The strategy of discursive appropriation:
 They separated the abstract sign system from the ideological constructs that came
with it.
 Hindus revivalists started Saivaite schools.

8. The Avoidance strategy:
Some natives passively adopted these post-colonial discourses and their ideologies for their material
advancement.
The Strategy of Reinterpretation:
English-educated bilinguals played the role in struggle for independence and the way they utilized
the code made available to them to take their own message to their fellow colonized people is evident
in the words of political like Gandhi and Nehru etc.

9. The Strategy of Accommodation:
English thus represents empowerment of people irrespective of caste, religious or
regional identities.

10. Thank You