2. DEFINITION
Convoresation analysis is an analysis of natural
conversation to reveal what the linguistic feature of
conversation is, and how conversation is used in
ordinary life .
3. CENTRAL ASFECTS OF CONFERSIONALANALYSIS
The techniques that the speaker uses during a conversation, such as
the rules of turn taking.
The way in which some speaker utterances are related. For instance,
conversational maxims, adjancency pair, and inserted sequence.
The different functions that the conversation is used for example,
establishing roles, or communicating politeniess.
4. PAUSES, OVERLAPS, AND BACKCHANNEL
Pauses, Overlaps, and Backchannel Pauses: silence between turns
Pauses can be a simple hesitations or silence. Overlap: both speakers
trying to speak at the same time. Backchannel: ways of indicating
that the listener is following or not objecting to what the speaker
says. Backchannel could be in forms of head nods, smile or other
facial expression, and gestures.
5. TURN –TAKING
Turn-taking refers to the changing of roles of the speaker and the listener when they are in
conversations. In turn-taking there areTRP andTCU.TRP orTransition Relevance Place refers to the
point in the ongoing conversation where a turn at talk from on participant to another occurs.TCU
orTurn construction unit is the basic segment of speech in a conversation.
Example A:Would you like to go picnic tomorrow? B: Sure. A: Right (...) well, don't forget to bring
the picnic basket because the last time we went picnic you forgot to bring it and we did not eat for
the whole day. Remember? B:Yeah. Okay.
6. PREFERENCE STRUCTURE
adjacency pairs represent social actions, and not all social actions are
equal when they occur as second parts of some pairs, e.g., a first part
request expects an acceptance.acceptance is structurally more likely
than refusal and Structural likelihood is called preference
7. Preference Structure (Cont.)
Silence is also always a dispreferred response, often leading to a revision of the first part.
(Non-response communicates that the speaker is not in a position to provide the preferred
response)Sandy: there But I'm sure they'll have good foodSandy: Hmm-I guess the food isn't
great
Preference Structure (Cont.)
Aassessment
Cindy: So chiropodists do hands I guess Julie: Em - well-out there - they they mostly work on
people's feet. - initial hesitation: delay (em + pause) - preface: well appeal to the views of
others: out there stumbling repetition: they they relativizing statement/mitigation: mostly.
8. Preference Structure (Cont.)
Invitation:
Becky: Come over for some coffee laterWally: Oh-eh - I'd love to - but you
see - 1-I'm supposed to get this finished - you know-hesitation: oh - eh
