“ENERPRISE NETWORK
In partial fulfillment of the requirements
SRASHTI YADAV
MR.
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINE
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
ALIGARH-PALWAL-
(Affiliated to Dr. APJ Abdul
(Formerly Affiliated to Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow)
A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
ENERPRISE NETWORK”
A project submitted
partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
IN
SUBMITTED BY
KULSUM (1734110902)
MOHIT (1634110022)
MR. SUSHIL SHARMA
(Dean, ITM COLLEGE.)
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEE
-DELHI ROAD, KARSUA, ALIGARH
(Affiliated to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University)
JULY, 2020
ERING
ALIGARH-202001
Kalam Technical University)

A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
“ENTERPRISE NETWORK”
A Project Submitted
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For the Degree of
IN
SUBMITTED BY
KULSUM (1734110902)
MOHIT (1634110022)
MR. SUSHIL SHARMA
(Dean, ITM COLLEGE)
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
ALIGARH-PALWAL-DELHI ROAD, KARSUA, ALIGARH-202001
(Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University)
JULY, 2020

ii
CERTIFICATE
We hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the project work entitled
“ENTERPRISE NETWORK” in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science and Engineering in Institute of Technology
& Management, Aligarh affiliated to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University,
Lucknow is an authentic record of our own work carried out during the period for August
2019 to July 2020 under the guidance of Mr. Sushil Sharma the matter embodied in this
project has not been submitted by us for any other degree.
This is to certify the above statement made by the candidates is true to the best of my
knowledge.
MR. SUSHIL SHARMA MR. ANKUR KUMAR VARSHNEY
(Project Guide, CSE Deptt.) (H.O.D, CSE Deptt.)

iii
DECLARATION
We, hereby declare that this submission is own work and that to best of my knowledge and
belief, it contain no material previously published or written by another person nor material
which to a substantial extent has been accepted for award of any other degree or diploma of
the university or other institute of higher learning except where due acknowledgment has
been made in text.
SIGNATURE:-
KULSUM
(1734110902)
SRASHTI YADAV
(1634110038)
MOHIT
(1634110022)

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ABSTRACT
“Enterprises network” is based on the objectives learned in CCNA. It has required that the
plan and implement a secure network system.
In this project we use the DHCP (dynamic host configuration protocol) server. In this project
we are transferring the messages from one network to different network securely.
This project is implemented on “CISCO PACKET TRACER”.
It also has VLAN which is helpful to make easy task. It’s also contains PC’s, routers,
switches and different types of cables for the reliable connection. In this project we solve the
security problem which occurs in the organization.
The “Enterprises network” dynamic routing is used and some protocols also that is (EIGRP,
OSPF, and RIPV2). Where dynamic routing is less time consuming as compare to static
routing.
It also checks the unauthorized traffic that travels across the network.
The main purpose of “Enterprises network” is allows the sending and receiving message on
the different network of the companies to communicate each other.

v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My body and soul are immersed in the hue of gratitude for the supreme divinity “GOD” for
having gifted human beings with extra ordinary power of thinking. I kneel down before him
for lighting flame of endurance and vigor in our heart.
I express my sincere gratitude and indebtedness to my esteemed Project guide MR. SUSHIL
SHARMA, Institute of Technology and Management, Aligarh for her able guidance and
continuous interest in the completion of this project work.
I am highly obliged to MR. ANKUR KUMAR VARSHNEY, Head of computer science
department, Institute of Technology and Management, Aligarh for his help in academics.
Kulsum
(1734110902)
Srashti yadav
(1634110038)
Mohit
(1634110022)

vi
LIST OF FIGURE
FIGURE NO.
Fig1.1
Fig1.2
Fig4.1
Fig4.2
Fig4.3
Fig4.4
Fig4.5
Fig4.6
Fig4.7
Fig4.8
Fig5.1
Fig6.1
Fig6.2
Fig 6.3
Fig 6.4
Fig 6.5
Fig 6.6
Fig 7.1
FIGURE NAME
Home page of Enterprise Network
Hierarchical architecture of a network.
A Packet Tracer Interface
Network Address Translation diagram
Subnet mask diagram
IP Addressing diagram
Diagram for Classless Inter Domain Routing
Diagram for Network Model
Diagram for OSI Layers
Diagram for Client-Server model
Diagram for a Virtual Private Network
Diagram for DHCP Server
Diagram for EIGRP Overview
Diagram for SSH Overview
VLAN architecture Diagram
Diagram for Access Control List (ACL)
Diagram for Enterprise Network
Waterfall Diagram
PAGE NO.
1
2
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29
31
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35
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE NO.
Certificate ii
Declaration iii
Abstract iv
Acknowledgement v
List of figures vi
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 HISTORY
1.3 WHAT IS ENTERPRISES NETWORK
1.4 SOFTWARE REQURIEMENT
1.5 OBJECTIVE
1.6 FUNCTIONS OF ENTERPRISES NETWORK
1.7 PROBLEM DEFINITIONS
1.8. FEATURES OF ENTERPRISES NETWORK
CHAPTER 2: FEASIBILITY STUDY
2.1 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
2.2 OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY
2.3 BEHAVIORAL FEASIBILITY
2.4 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY
2.4.1 Cost based study
2.4.2 Time based study
2.5 SCHEDULE FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER 3: SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT AND
SYSTEM SPECIFICATION
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.1.1 Developer responsibilities
overview
3.1.2 Information description
3.1.3 Functional requirement
3.1.4 Logical design
1-9
1
1 - 2
3
3 - 4
5
5
4 - 8
8 -9
10-13
11
11 - 12
12
12
12
13
14-17
14-17
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3.1.5 Input design
3.1.6 Output design
3.1.7 Physical design
3.1.8 Behavioral description
3.1.9 Validation criteria
3.2 TECHNOLOGY SPECIFIC REQUIREMENT
3.2.1 Hardware requirement
3.2.2 Software requirement
CHAPTER 4: TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
4.1 SOFTWARE OVERVIEW
4.1.1 Operating system
4.1.2 Language and tools used
4.1.3 Network address transaction
4.1.4 NAT inside and outside address
4.1.5 Subnet Masking
4.1.6 Default Subnet masks
4.1.7 IP Addressing
4.1.8 CIDR
4.2 NETWORK MODEL
4.3 INTERNET
4.4 Client /server network
4.5. VLAN
CHAPTER 5: DESIGN
 CIRCUIT DIVERSITY
 MULTIHOMEING
5.1. Virtual Private Network
 VPN diagram
CHAPTER 6: METHODOLOGY USED
6.1. DHCP
6.2. EIGRP
6.3. Secure shell
6.4. VLAN
6.5. Access Control List
6.6. IP Addressing
6.7. Network address transaction
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18-29
18-22
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18 - 19
19 - 20
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20 – 21
21– 22
22 -23
24 – 25
25 – 28
28 - 29
29
30 – 31
30
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32-42
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33-35
35-36
36
37-38
38-39
39-42

CHAPTER 7: TESTING
7.1TESTING
7.1.1 What is testing
7.1.1 Testing architecture
7.1.2 Testing technique
7.2 TESTING IN THE PROJECT
7.2.1 All types of application
7.2.2 Testing tools in applications
SNAPSHOTS
CONCLUSION AND FUTURISTIC SCOPE
REFERENCES
43 – 45
43
43
44
44 – 45
45
46 – 52
53 – 55

1
CHAPTER-1
1. INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT
1.1 INTRODUCTION
An Enterprise Network is an enterprise's communication backbone that helps to connect
computers and related devices across departments and workgroup networks, facilitating
insight and data accessibility. An enterprise network reduces communication protocols,
facilitating system and devices interoperability, as well as improved internal and external
enterprise data network.
An Enterprise Network is also known as corporate network.
The key purpose of an Enterprise network is to eliminate isolate users and workgroups all the
systems should be able to communicate and provide and retrieve information additionally,
physical system and devices should be able to maintain and provide satisfactory performance,
reliability and security.
Enterprise computing models are developed for this purpose facilitating the exploration and
improvement of established enterprise communication protocols and strategies. It includes
local area network and wide area network (LAN & WAN), depending on operational and
departmental requirements.
An Enterprise Network can integrate all the systems including Windows and Apple
computers and operating systems, UNIX systems, and related devices like smart phones and
tablets. A tightly integrated enterprise network effectively combines and uses different device
and system communication protocols.
1.2 HISTORY
It was the fastest uptake of any WAN service in history – including the public Internet.
Enterprises bought T1 and later T3 connections from Internet Service Providers (ISPs) for
connectivity. IPSec VPNs, introduced in the mid-1990s and popularized in the late '90s, made
site-site connections over the Internet secure.

2
Here are the in the history of the show, according to you
Fig 1.1- Home page of Enterprises network
’ -
Fig 1.2 Hierarchical architecture of a network.

3
1.3WHAT IS ENTERPRISES NETWORK:-
An ENTERPRISES NETWORK can integrate all the systems including Windows and Apple
computers and operating systems, UNIX systems, and related devices like smart phones and
tablets. A tightly integrated enterprise network effectively combines and uses different device
and system communication protocols.
Enterprise Networking. An enterprise network is the backbone for facilitating an
organization's communications and connecting computers and devices throughout
departments.
An enterprise network environment is usually configured to facilitate access to data and
insight into analytics.
It supports thousands of users across a company’s diverse geographical locations.
It may involve hundreds of servers.
Each location may look like a simple system, but the complexity increases as their system are
linked together.
 Enterprise Networks: One definition:-
Large – 105 edge devices, 103 network devices.
 Geographically distributed – Multiple continents, 102 countries.
Tightly controlled–
IT department has (nearly) complete control over user desktops and network connected
equipment.
1.4 SOFTWARE REQURIEMENT
The software requirement specification is produced at the culmination of the analysis task.
The function and performance allocated at software as part of engineering refined by
establishing a complete information description, a detailed functional and behavioral
description, an indication of performance requirements and design constraints, appropriate
validation criteria and other data pertinent to requirements.

4
 Scalability –
How well will the system(s) scale under volume and load? This includes what is known as
horizontal and vertical scaling. Horizontal means that the system will scale simple by adding
more resource units (e.g., more servers). Vertical scaling is the increase of one or more
resources (e.g., memory, CPUs).
 Reliability –
What is the elasticity or fault tolerance under multiple conditions and stimuli?
 Extensibility –
Can the system’s core functionality do more without rewrite?
 Flexibility –
How well does the system respond to integration or implementation in different environments
 Availability –
How dependable is the system uptime.
 Maintainability –
How easy is it to maintain the code and components of the system?
 Usability –
Are the interfaces intuitive and desirable?
 Manageability-
No matter how good the initial network design is, the available network staff must be able to manage
and support the network. A network that is too complex or difficult to maintain cannot function
effectively and efficiently.

5
1.5 OBJECTIVE
The major objective of this network design is to allow only the genuine users to access the
network and prevent the intruders from accessing it.
Design and simulation of an enterprise network, with a model Secondary school as a case
study, using Packet Tracer.
Configuration of network devices and evaluation of point-to-point connections.
This project aims at the design and simulation of an enterprise network using Packet Tracer.
The design is based on the hierarchical architecture with a model secondary school as a case
study.
1.6 FUNCTIONS OF ENTERPRISE NETWORK
 Home page
 Enterprise network page
 Connectivity
 Logging into the routers
 Configuration with routers
 How to configure EIGRP with RIP in same network
 Configuration
1.7 PROBLEM DEFINITION
In this thesis, there were many issues that have been solved technically. The first
concern was security, the second concern was quality and the third concern was
safety.
In the security centered analysis, the enterprise network provides services security
MAC flooding, ARP spoofing, Denial of Service, so there may be some people
who cannot be trusted to connect to the inside network. However, there are many
techniques to prevent people who are planning terrorist attacks from having access

6
to the sensitive departments in the network.
The tools that have been used to provide a high security level to the enterprise
network are hardware firewalls, an IP access control list, MAC address port
security, a DNS server and a proxy server. These techniques have been used to
prevent these people from stealing data from the flight management department,
the most safety critical department. Nevertheless, these techniques must provide a
high security level for the network and stop the hackers infiltrating the network
because the more the security techniques are increased, the more hackers’
techniques will increase in response. Moreover, the security rules have been
designed to prevent any outside hackers sneaking into the network and getting what
they want.
Improving the performance of any network needs a high quality of techniques and
services that help to improve the general function of the network.
Enterprise networks need to have a high quality of services that should be
presented immediately in order to keep the network activities on track. In this
section the quality of network services has been provided by new techniques to
improve the quality of service.
These techniques are represented by failover firewalls utility, a Pre-boot Execution
Environment server (PXE), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Server (DHCP),
Domain Name System Server (DNS) and cabling. The network includes everything
necessary to provide a high quality of service.
Protecting packet sending was the most important part of the project’s design. To
insure the availability of service, the network should have two internet service
providers that help guarantee the outside connection remains active during the
network operations.
Many times the internet should not support for the sending messages management
department needs continuous Internet service.
When network devices communicate with many other devices, the workload
required of the CPUs on the devices can be burdensome. For example, in a large flat
(switched) network, broadcast packets are burdensome. As such the modular nature
of the hierarchical design model is to enable accurate capacity planning within each
layer of the hierarchy, thus reducing wasted bandwidth. Network management

7
responsibility and network management systems should be distributed to the
different layers of modular network architecture to control management costs.
The aim of this project is to demonstrate an example of an enterprise’s
network design and implementation:
 Providing a security level for the enterprise network
 Providing a quality of service for the enterprise network
 Maintaining router information
 Supporting the Cisco packet tracer.
1.7.1 Existing system
In present networking scenario,
Study of pre-existing enterprise network system. Following application which are generally
used for Enterprise network system:
1.7.2 RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
RIP is defined as the simple administrative distance vector protocol which has been
magnified with various techniques, including Split Horizon and Poison Reverse in order to
enable it to perform better in somewhat complicated networks. Its longest path doesn’t
exceed more than 15 hop count. It compares the routes using static metrics. In upgraded
version i.e. in RIP version 2 it added several new features such as: External route tags, Subnet
masks, Authentication, Next hop router addresses, and multicast support. The basic RIP
protocol is unsuitable for larger networks. If the system administrator selects the larger costs
then the upper bound of 15 can easily become a problem. The protocol depends upon
"counting to infinity" to resolve certain unfamiliar situations. To compare alternative routes
this protocol uses fixed “Metrics”. It is not suitable for situations where routes need to be
chosen based on real-time parameters such a measured delay, reliability, or load.

8
1.7.3 OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
OSPF is defined as the open shortest path first which is an open source protocol and most
widely used in today’s world. It is based upon the link-state routing protocol and is also
known as the intra-domain routing protocol which is similar to routing information protocol.
Link-state routing protocol, which means that the routers exchange topology information with
their nearest neighbors. OSPF operates on a single autonomous systems(AS) which is defined
as a group of networks under a single administrative control which could be an Internet
Service Provider (ISP) or a large Enterprise Organization. OSPF was designed to handle the
routing in large as well as the small autonomous system. All the AS in the OSPF needs to be
divided in to the small sections which are known as the areas. OSPF requires the wildcard
bits for the configuration of the network. The topology information is flooded throughout the
AS, so that every router within the AS will have the complete picture of the topology. The
picture through the AS is used to calculate the end to end paths using a variant of the Dijkstra
algorithm. OSPF has the administrative distance of 110 which is lower than RIP protocol. So
OSPF is better than the RIP protocol.
Benefits:
Easy to use:
 Secure: The system is highly secured; the end users are registered users and also
those who are not registered. The registered users have a username and a password
which grants permission to access the restricted sites also.
 Quick response: The users are able to make use of the up-to-date information, which
reduced the response time.
1.8 FEATURES OF ENTERPRISE NETWORK
A ‘Enterprise network’ is a network which is capable for transferring and receiving the
messages securely. It is a physical, virtual and logical design of a network and in it various
software, hardware, and protocols work together to transmit data. In our hyper-connected
world, a stable, reliable network is regarded and the consequences of an unreliable network
are only getting more severe. Networking solutions are available to simplify the process, like

9
unified wired / wireless infrastructure. Enterprise network interconnect end system located in
companies.
Its main feature is to minimize the expense. It will increased secured network performance
and improves the communication.

10
CHAPTER-2
2. FEASIBILITY STUDY
System feasibility is a test or evaluation of the complete system plan. Such an evaluation is
necessary to define the application area along with its extension and complexity, to provide
the scope of computerization together with suggested output and input format and potential
benefits. The system study has to examine whether a technically feasible solution is possible
Depending on the result of the initial investigation, the survey is expanded to a more detailed
study. Feasibility study is a best of the system proposal according to its Workability impact
on the organization, ability to meet needs, and effective use of resources.
The result of the feasibility study is a formal proposal. This is simply a report, a formal
document detailing the nature and scope of the proposed system. After management reviews
the proposal, it becomes a formal agreement that proves the way for actual design and
implementation.
The feasibility study is an investigation that results in a written document that:
 Defines the scope of the problem.
 Identifies the elements of the problem.
 Identifies the evaluative criteria.
 Possible criteria includes: The impact on the environment, safety and manufacture
ability, the political climate; the possible difficulties in the design phase; and appraisal of the
return (profit) on investment.
 Identifies possible alternative solutions.
 Evaluate each solution with the criteria.
The goal of the feasibility study is to discover possible solutions and to determine which of
these appear to have promise and which are not feasible and why.
In a feasibility study we need to concentrate on four primary areas of interest:

11
2.1 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
Technical feasibility centers on the current system and to what extent it can support the
proposed system, it includes current computer system specifications such as hardware,
software etc. it also involves financial considerations to accommodate the technical
enhancements. If the budget is serious constraint then the project is judged not feasible.
Though the system is developed in the generalized form, which covers all the procedures and
operations carried out in any Social networking site. The version used in the system is PHP
5.3 and MY-SQL Server.
The features embedded in the system are latest and according to the need of the client. Such
as creating profile, adding friends and other feature that are required for jobseeker control
panel. The backend used is the latest MySQL server, which also supports to view the
database contents, relationship with the connected database including the primary, foreign
key. Any up gradations needed can be easily made in the source code, thus decreasing the
headache of changing each and every code. If in near future, the latest version of PHP/
MYSQL Server to be installed then, the source code handling the connection of the database
can easily be modified. The codes are easily compatible for the changes, as the latest version
doesn't affect the core code.
MY-SQL Server can manage large amount of data and is simple and secure. Using PHP
helps us to design the look of our application and its windows. PHP full open database
connectivity (ODBC) with MY-SQL Server, Data accessibility, response and output require
less time.
2.2 OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY
Once the changeover takes place from the existing manual system to the computerized
systems, depending upon the complexity of the installed computerized system, high quality
manpower should be employed for the smooth functioning of the system. So the platform and
tools should be selected in such way that, once the system is up and running, getting the right
manpower for that system to function successfully, should not be a cause to worry.

12
This project is operationally feasible as it has a very user friendly environment which is very
easy to use by the users. Also, the operations of every type of user can be easily studied by
the design of the site. So a new web developer can easily understand the project in a short
time.
2.3 BEHAVIORAL FEASIBILITY
This aspect of study is to check the level of acceptance of the system by the user. This
includes the process of training the user to get used to the system which must be accepted as a
necessity. The level of acceptance by the user solely depend on the developed system and has
a modest technical requirement as only minimal or null changes are required for
implementing the system.
This project is behaviorally feasible also as if we launch it; the users will definitely accept it
to save their time and money.
2.4 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY
Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness of a
new system. More commonly known as cost/benefit analysis, the procedure is to determine
the benefits and savings that are expected from a candidate system and compare them with
costs. If benefits outweigh costs, then the decision is made to design and implement the
system. An entrepreneur must accurately weigh the cost versus benefits before taking an
action.
2.4.1 Cost based study
This is an analysis of the costs to be incurred in the system and the benefits derivable out of
the system.
2.4.2 Time based study
This is an analysis of the time required to achieve a return on investments. The benefits
derived from the system. The future value of a project is also a factor.
This project is economically feasible also as development costs and operating costs are not
too high. Also it is very much used by the users so many a sponsors will be there for the site.

13
So, benefits from the application will definitely be more than the cost involved in making or
maintaining the application.
2.5 SCHEDULE FEASIBILITY
A project will fail if it takes too long to be completed before it is useful. Typically this means
estimating how long the system will take to develop, and if it can be completed in a given
time period using some methods like payback period. Schedule feasibility is a measure of
how reasonable the project timetable is. Given our technical expertise, are the project
deadlines reasonable? Some projects are initiated with specific deadlines. It should be
determined whether the deadlines are mandatory or desirable.

14
CHAPTER-3
3. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT AND SYSTEM SPECIFICATION
3.1 INTRODUCTION
A Software Requirements Specification (SRS) is a complete description of the behavior of
the system to be developed. It fully describes what the software will do and how it will be
expected to perform. It includes a set of use cases that describe all the interactions the users
will have with the software. Use cases are also known as functional requirements. In addition
to use cases, the SRS also contains non-functional (or supplementary) requirements. Non-
functional requirements are requirements which impose constraints on the design or
implementation (such as performance engineering requirements, quality standards, or design
constraints).
An SRS minimizes the time and effort required by developers to achieve desired goals and
also minimizes the development cost. A good SRS defines how an application will interact
with system hardware, other programs and human users in a wide variety of real-world
situations. Parameters such as operating speed, response time, availability, portability,
maintainability, footprint, security and speed of recovery from adverse events are evaluated.
3.1.1 Developer responsibilities overview
The roles and responsibilities that people can assume in the project are based on merit.
Everybody can help no matter what their role. Those who have been long term or valuable
contributors to the project obtain the right to vote and commit directly to the source
repository.
USER
Users are the people who use the products of the Project. People in this role aren't
contributing code, but they are using the products, reporting bugs, making feature requests,
and such. This is by far the most important category of people as, without users, there is no
reason for the Project. When a user starts to contribute code or documentation patches, they
become a developer.

15
DEVELOPERS
Developers are the people who write code or documentation patches or contribute positively
to the project in other ways. A developer's contribution is always recognized. In source code,
all developers who contribute to a source file may add their name to the list of authors for that
file.
COMMITTERS
Developers who give frequent and valuable contributions to a subproject of the Project can
have their status promoted to that of a "Committer" for that subproject. A Committer has
write access to the source code repository and gains voting rights allowing them to affect the
future of the subproject.
3.1.2 Information description
This section of the SRS provides a detail of the problem that software must solve. It should
describe the core of the application i.e. THE DATA. The information the software is going to
work is the most basic part of the software. The description of each data or information entity
is described here. It also gives details of the relationship between the data elements of the
software. The information description helps the software designers in their designing
purpose.
3.1.3 Functional requirement
This section of the SRS describes the each function to solve the problem. It emphasizes on
the core of the software on which the data will be processed-i.e. design constraints, and
performance characteristics. The DFD or any other graphical diagram can also be added to
describe the functionality of the system.
3.1.4 Logical design
Logical design of an information system shows the major features and also how they are
related to one another. The first step of the system design is to design logical design elements.
This is the most creative and challenging phase and important too. Design of proposed
system produces the details of the state how the system will meet the requirements identified
during the system analysis that is, in the design phase we have to find how to solve the
difficulties faced by the existing system. The logical design of the proposed system should
include the details that contain how the solutions can be implemented. It also specifies how
the database is to be built for storing and retrieving data, what kind of reports are to be

16
created and what are the inputs to be given to the system. The logical design includes input
design, output design, and database design and physical design.
3.1.5 Input design
The input design is the link between the information system and the user. It comprises the
developing specification and procedures for data preparation and those steps are necessary to
put transaction data into a usable form for processing data entry. The activity of putting data
into the computer for processing can be achieved by inspecting the computer to read data
from a written or printed document or it can occur by having people keying the data directly
into the system. The system needs the data regarding the asset items, depreciation rates, asset
transfer, and physical verification for various validation, checking, calculation and report
generation. The error raising method is also included in the software, which helps to raise
error message while wrong entry of input is done.
3.1.6 Output design
Computer output is the most important and direct information source to the user. Output
design is a process that involves designing necessary outputs in the form of reports that
should be given to the users according to the requirements. Efficient, intelligible output
design should improve the system's relationship with the user and help in decision making.
Since the reports are directing referred by the management for taking decisions and to draw
conclusions they must be designed with almost care and the details in the reports must be
simple, descriptive and clear to the user. Depending on the nature and future use of output
required, they can be displayed on the monitor for immediate need and for obtaining the
hardcopy. The options for the output reports are given in the appendix.
3.1.7 Physical design
The process of developing the program software is referred to as physical design. We have to
design the process by identifying reports and the other outputs the system will produce.
Coding the program for each module with its logic is performed in this step. Proper software
specification is also done in this step.
3.1.8 Behavioral description
This section of the SRS describes the behavior of the software will exhibit. It is based on the
definitions of the events and the operations that it will perform because of events

17
3.1.9 Validation criteria
This section of the SRS contains the details of the tests that should be performed to validate
functions, performance, and behavior of the software. It is one of the most important aspect
of the software which decides how much robust our software is.
3.2 TECHNOLOGY SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
3.2.1 Hardware requirements
1. Desktop or laptop computer for the system users.
2. A desktop or a laptop computer to run the program on in the room with the following
specifications
 Processor : Intel® Celeron® 2957U@ 1.40GHz 1.40 GHz
 RAM : 2GB
 Storage : 1GB
 Display : For all devices
3.2.2 Software requirement
 Web server : CISCO PACKET TRACER
 Language : CCNA

18
CHAPTER-4
4. TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
4.1 SOFTWARE OVERVIEW
4.1.1 Operating system:-
This project work is done on the window 10 operating system. As operating system is a set of
software tools designed to make it easy for people or programmers to make optimum use of
the computer. Window 10 is an operating system released by Microsoft. Window 10
introduced a lot of changes, and many people found it difficult to use. Windows 10 is very
similar to windows 10, but it addresses some of the problems people had with windows 10.
The new updating features of window 10 are:
 The start button returns
 More lock screen and start screen options
 Better search
 3D printing support
 Refreshed Xbox music
4.1.2 Language and tools used:-
 Cisco Packet Tracer —
Cisco Packet Tracer is a powerful network simulation program that allows the
experimentation with network behavior and asks “what if” questions. Packet Tracer provides
simulation, visualization and authoring, assessment, and collaboration capabilities and
facilitates the teaching and learning of complex technology concepts. Packet Tracer
supplements physical equipment in the classroom by allowing students to create a network
with an almost unlimited number of devices, encouraging practice, discovery, and
troubleshooting. With Packet Tracer, one can build, configure, and troubleshoot networks
using virtual equipment and simulated connections, alone or in collaboration with other
students. Most importantly, Packet Tracer helps in creating own virtual “network worlds” for

19
exploration, experimentation, and explanation of networking concepts and technologies. A
typical interface is as shown in Figure 4.1
Fig. 4.1 A Packet Tracer Interface
.
4.1.3 Network Address Translation
In Network Address Translation, Addresses can be assigned dynamically. Dynamic NAT
allows hosts on a private network that have IP addresses to access a public network such as
the internet. Dynamic NAT occurs when a router assigns an outside global address from a
predefined address, or pool of address to an inside private network device. The NAT
advantage is that individual hosts are not directly accessibly from the public internet.

20
Fig.4.2 NAT
4.1.4 NAT inside and outside addresses –
Inside refers to the addresses which must be translated. Outside refers to the addresses which
are not in control of an organization. These are the network Addresses in which the
translation of the addresses will be done.
 Inside local address – An IP address that is assigned to a host on the Inside (local)
network. The address is probably not a IP address assigned by the service provider i.e.,
these are private IP address. This is the inside host seen from the inside network.
 Inside global address – IP address that represents one or more inside local IP addresses
to the outside world. This is the inside host as seen from the outside network.
 Outside local address – This is the actual IP address of the destination host in the local
network after translation.
 Outside global address – This is the outside host as seen from the outside network. It
is the IP address of the outside destination host before translation.
Applying a subnet mask to an IP address allows you to identify the network and node parts of
the address. The network bits are represented by the 1s in the mask, and the node bits are
represented by the 0s. Performing a bitwise logical AND operation between the IP address
and the subnet mask results in the Network Address or Number.
4.1.6 Default subnet masks
The following are the default subnet masks:

21
Class A -255.0.0.0 - 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
Class B - 255.255.0.0 - 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
Class C - 255.255.255.0 - 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Fig 4.3 subnet mask
4.1.7 IPAddressing
An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique identifier for a node or host connection on an IP
network. An IP address is a 32 bit binary number usually represented as 4 decimal values,
each representing 8 bits, in the range 0 to 255 (known as octets) separated by decimal points.
This is known as "dotted decimal" notation. Every IP address consists of two parts, one
identifying the network and one identifying the node. The Class of the address and the subnet
mask determine which part belongs to the network address and which part belongs to the
node address (Easa). There are 5 different address classes. One can determine which class
any IP address is in by examining the first 4 bits of the IP address as follows: Class A

22
addresses begin with 0xxx, or 1 to 126 decimal. Class B addresses begins with 10xx, or 128
to 191 decimal. Class C addresses begin with 110x, or 192 to 223 decimal. Class D addresses
begin with 1110, or 224 to 239 decimal. Class E addresses begin with 1111, or 240 to 254
decimal.
Fig 4.4 IP addressing
4.1.8 CIDR
Classless InterDomain Routing. CIDR was invented several years ago to keep the internet
from running out of IP addresses. The "Classful" system of allocating IP addresses can be
very wasteful; anyone who could reasonably show a need for more than 254 host addresses
was given a Class B address block of 65533 host addresses. Even more wasteful were
companies and organizations that were allocated Class A address blocks, which contain over
16 Million host addresses! Only a tiny percentage of the allocated Class A and Class B
address space has ever been actually assigned to a host computer on the Internet. The use of a

CIDR notated address is the same as for a Classful address. Classful addresses can easily be
written in CIDR notation (Class A = /8, Class B = /1
4.2 Network Model
These are models that define a set of network layers and how they interact. There are several
different network models depending on what organization or company started them. The
most important two are described in the following subsections.
written in CIDR notation (Class A = /8, Class B = /16, and Class C = /24)
Fig 4.5 CIDR overview
portant two are described in the following subsections.
Fig 4.6 Network Model
23

24
4.2.1 The TCP/IP Model
This model is sometimes called the DOD model since it was designed for the department of
defense. It is also called the internet model because TCP/IP is the protocol used on the
internet. It is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet. It can also be
used as a communications protocol in a private network (either an intranet or an extranet).
When direct access to the Internet is set up, the computer is provided with a copy of the
TCP/IP program just as every other computer that may send messages to or get information
from also has a copy of TCP/IP.
4.2.2 OSI Network Model
The International Standards Organization (ISO) has defined a standard called the Open
Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model as in Figure 2.6. It is a conceptual model that
characterizes and standardizes the internal functions of a communication system by
partitioning it into abstraction layers. The model is a product of the Open Systems
Interconnection project at the International Organization for Standardization. The purpose of
the OSI reference model is to guide vendors and developers so the digital communication
products and software programs they create will interoperate, and to facilitate clear
comparisons among communications tools.
Fig 4.2.2 the OSI and TCP/IP Layers.

25
4.3 Internet
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard
Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link several billion devices worldwide. It is an
international network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic,
business, and government packet switched networks, linked by a broad array of electronic,
wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of
information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and
applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), the infrastructure to support email, and peer-
to-peer networks for file sharing and telephony.
4.3.1 TELNET:
While the initial configuration of your Cisco router using the console port and a rollover
cable may be necessary, you will eventually want to access routers on your network using

telnet sessions. Since telnet is an IP
with at least one valid and reachable IP address to use this method. Also remember that in
order to connect to a router using telnet, that router will need a virtual
password configured. Cisco2501#telnet 192.168.1.45 Trying 192.168.1.45…Open
[Connection to Accra closed by foreign host]
4.3.2 Intranet
An intranet is a computer network that uses Internet Protocol technology to share
information, operational systems, or computing services within an organization. This term is
used in contrast to extranet, a network between organizations, and instead refers to a network
within an organization. 19 Sometimes, the term refers only to the organization's int
website, but may be a more extensive part of the organization's information technology
infrastructure, and may be composed of multiple local area networks. The objective is to
organize each individual's desktop with minimal cost, time and effort to b
cost efficient, timely, and competitive. An intranet may host multiple private websites and
constitute an important component and focal point of internal communication and
sessions. Since telnet is an IP-based application, your routers will need to be configured
order to connect to a router using telnet, that router will need a virtual terminal (vty)
[Connection to Accra closed by foreign host].
rational systems, or computing services within an organization. This term is
within an organization. 19 Sometimes, the term refers only to the organization's int
organize each individual's desktop with minimal cost, time and effort to be more productive,
26
based application, your routers will need to be configured
terminal (vty)
rational systems, or computing services within an organization. This term is
within an organization. 19 Sometimes, the term refers only to the organization's internal
e more productive,

27
collaboration. Any of the well-known Internet protocols may be found in an intranet, such as
HTTP (web services), SMTP (e-mail), and FTP (file transfer protocol). Internet technologies
are often deployed to provide modern interfaces to legacy information systems hosting corporate data.
Fig 4.3.2 Intranet
4.3.3 Peer-To-Peer Networks
Peer-to-peer networks, as in Figure 4.3.3, are more commonly implemented where less than
ten computers are involved and where strict security is not necessary. All computers have the
same status, hence the term 'peer', and they communicate with each other on an equal footing.
Files, such as word processing or spreadsheet documents, can be shared across the network
and all the computers on the network can share devices, such as printers or scanners, which
are connected to any one computer.

28
Fig 4.3.3 A Peer-to-Peer Network
4.4Client/server networks
Client/server networks, as in Figure 4.4, are more suitable for larger networks. A central
computer, or 'server', acts as the storage location for files and applications shared on the
network. Usually the server is a higher than average performance computer. The server also
controls the network access of the other computers which are referred to as the 'client'
computers. Typically, teachers and students in a school will use the client computers for their
work and only the network administrator (usually a designated staff member) will have
access rights to the server.

29
Fig 4.4 a Client- server network.
4.5 VLAN
Virtual Local Area Network VLAN is a logical network which is introduced to reduce the
challenges faced due to many systems connected to a single network. Due to large number of
systems connected to a network the broadcasts and packet transmission gets out of control. In
an enterprise network system the admin uses the concept of VLAN in order to privatize the
data of certain networks, which can only be accessed by selected VLAN users. It is a hassle
free mechanism which provides a network on a switch.
Fig 4.5 VLAN Overview

30
CHAPTER – 5
5. DESIGN
5. DESIGN
Design is a meaningful engineering representation of something that is to be built. It can be
traced to a customer’s requirements and at the same time assessed for quality against asset of
predefined criteria for the good design. Thus it is the blue print of the system. In the software
engineering context design concentrates on three factors, data, architecture, interfaces and
components.
The data and architectural design focuses on patterns as they apply to the application to be
built. At the interface level human ergonomics often dictate our design approach. At the
component level a programming approach leads to the effective data and procedural designs.
Design begins with requirements model and is processed to transform it into four levels of
design details; data structure, system architecture, interface representation and the component
level. Finally a design specification is produced. This specification consists of design models
that describe data, architecture, interfaces and components. At each stage, software design
work products are renewed for clarity, correctness, completeness and consistency with the
requirements and with one another.
Enterprise Network should meet a customer's goals for availability and performance:
 Redundant LAN and WAN segment in the intranet
 Multiple paths to extranets and the internet.
Redundant WAN segments
 Usually uses a hierarchical partial-mesh topology.
 CIRCUIT DIVERSITY- Physical circuit routing of backup WAN links and primary WAN
links should be different than each other.
 MULTIHOMEING- the Internet connection: provides an enterprise network more than
one entry into the Internet.
 (Multihoming - It provide more than 1 connection for a system to access and offer
network services)

31
5.1 VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK:
It enables the use of a public network, such as Internet, to provide a secure connection among sites on
the organization internetwork.
*A public network is used as a backbone for the enterprise network.
* links remote offices together.
* No permanent link is required.
* Can use Dial-on-Demand routing.
Fig 5.1 VPN Architecture

32
CHAPTER - 6
6. Methodology Used
The methodology used in this project is explained in the below, how to initiate project and
how it is implemented and the further usage of project. This project is implemented on
CISCO Packet Tracer.
6.1DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
DHCP is a client/server protocol that automatically allocates an internet protocol with its IP
addresses and other related configuration information Such as subnet mask and default
gateway. DHCP enables this whole process to be automated and supervised centrally. The
DHCP server sustains a pool of IP addresses, when it starts up on the network it leases an
address to any DHCP authorized client. Because the IP addresses are dynamic (leased) rather
than static (permanently assigned), addresses are unused and automatically returned to the
pool for reallocation. It is used for planning the physical subnets of the network and relative
placement of DHCP servers in the enterprise network. This includes planning for placement
of DHCP servers among subnets in a way that reduces b-node broadcasts across routers. It
recognizes the impact that slower links have on your WAN environment. It helps servers to
maximize response time and minimize low-speed traffic.
Fig 6.1 a DHCP Server.

33
6.2 EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
EIGRP is a dynamic routing protocol developed by Cisco. It was a proprietary routing
protocol till few years back but now CISCO made this as open source routing protocol. It is
an enhanced version of IGRP protocol so called Enhanced Interior gateway Protocol. EIGRP
is a routing protocol used for scalable networks that ensures that as a network grows larger, it
operates efficiently and adjusts to the changes simultaneously. EIGRP scalability in an
enterprise network depends on the amount information exchanged, the number of the routers,
the topology depth and the number of the alternative path through the router. It uses multicast
for routing updates which supports route summarization and discontinuous networks. To
select the best path it uses the DUAL (Diffusing Update Algorithm) algorithm and uses RTP
(Reliable Transport protocol) to communicate with neighbours.
It uses Composite metric calculation formula to select the best route for destination. EIGRP
supports VLSM/CIDR for balancing load across the six routes for a single destination. It
sends partial or full update only when some changes in network. Since EIGRP is hybrid
protocol, it has the both characteristics of distance vector and link state protocol.
EIGRP is used on a router to share routes with other routers within the same autonomous
system. Unlike other well known routing protocols, such as RIP, EIGRP only sends
incremental updates, reducing the workload on the router and the amount of data that needs to
be transmitted. EIGRP replaced the Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) in 1993. One
of the major reasons for this was the change to classless IPv4 addresses in the Internet
Protocol, which IGRP could not support.
6.2.1 Features
EIGRP supports the following features:
 Support for Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) and variable length subnet
masking. Routes are not summarized at the classful network boundary unless auto
summary is enabled.
 Support for load balancing on parallel links between sites.
 The ability to use different authentication passwords at different times.
 MD5 and SHA-2 authentication between two routers.

34
 Sends topology changes, rather than sending the entire routing table when a route is
changed. Periodically checks if a route is available, and propagates routing changes to
neighbouring routers if any changes have occurred.
 Runs separate routing processes for Internet Protocol (IP), IPv6, IPX and AppleTalk,
through the use of protocol-dependent modules (PDMs).
 Backwards compatibility with the IGRP routing protocols
6.2.2 Configuration
Router# configure terminal
Router (config)# router eigrp 1
Router (config-router)# network 10.201.96.0 0.0.15.255
Router (config-router)# no auto-summary
Router (config-router)# exit
Fig 6.2 EIGRP Overview

35
6.3 Secure Shell (SSH)
SSH is termed as secure socket shell. It is a type of network protocol which facilitates secure
communications between users of two different servers. It also allows an admin to remotely
log on to the server host system. SSH is a secure networking protocol because it encrypts the
login sessions which makes it impossible for the intruders to collect any vital data as
password or messages. It is designed to perform advance applications which previous
networking protocol failed to implement, which are less secure older terminal applications
such as telnet or rsh.
Fig 6.3 SSH
6.4 VLAN-
Virtual Local Area Network VLAN is a logical network which is introduced to reduce the
challenges faced due to many systems connected to a single network. Due to large number of
systems connected to a network the broadcasts and packet transmission gets out of control. In
an enterprise network system the admin uses the concept of VLAN in order to privatize the
data of certain networks, which can only be accessed by selected VLAN users. It is a hassle
free mechanism which provides a network on a switch.

36
Fig 6.4 VLAN architecture
6.5 Access Control List (ACL)
ACL is termed as the access-control list which is used to restrict access in the network
topology. It is of two types i.e. standard and extended ACL. ACL is used for selectively
permit or deny incoming traffic based on remote subnet IPV4 address range. It is used to
blacklist IP addresses in the enterprise network topology. It is specifically used for to filter
and identify the traffic in the network. Two Golden Rules of Access Lists:
1. If a bit is set to 0 in a wild-card mask, the corresponding bit in the address must be exactly
same.
2. If a bit is set to 1 in a wild-card mask, then the corresponding bit in the address can match
any number. In other words, we call “don’t care” what number it matches.
Access Control List (ACL) are filters that enables one to control which routing updates or
packets are permitted or denied in or out of a network. They are specifically used by network
administrators to filter traffic and to provide extra security for their networks. ACLs provide
a powerful way to control traffic into and out of your network; this control can be as simple
as permitting or denying network hosts or addresses. ACLs can be configured for all routed
network protocols. The most important reason to configure ACLs is to provide network
security. However, ACLs can also be configured to control network traffic based on the TCP
port being used (Easa).

37
6.5.1 Why Use ACL
The following are some of the reasons for configuring ACL in a network:
a) Limits network traffic to increase network performance.
b) ACLs provide traffic flow control by restricting the delivery of routing updates.
c) It can be used as additional security.
d) Controls which type of traffic are forwarded or blocked by the router.
e) Ability to control which areas a client access.
6.5.2 Types of Access Control Lists
The types of ACLs used in networks are described in the following sub-sections:
6.5.2.1 Standard Access-List
Standard access lists create filters based on source addresses and are used for server based
filtering. Address based access lists distinguish routes on a network you want to control by
using network address number (IP). Address-based access lists consist of a list of addresses
or address ranges and a statement as to whether access to or from that address is permitted or
denied.
6.5.2.2 Extended Access Lists
Extended access lists create filters based on source addresses, destination addresses, protocol,
port number and other features and are used for packet based filtering for packets that
traverse the network.
Fig 6.5 ACL

38
6.6 IPAddressing
An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique identifier for a node or host connection on an IP
network. An IP address is a 32 bit binary number usually represented as 4 decimal values,
each representing 8 bits, in the range 0 to 255 (known as octets) separated by decimal points.
This is known as "dotted decimal" notation. Every IP address consists of two parts, one
identifying the network and one identifying the node. The Class of the address and the subnet
mask determine which part belongs to the network address and which part belongs to the
node address (Easa). There are 5 different address classes. One can determine which class
any IP address is in by examining the first 4 bits of the IP address as follows:
Class A addresses begin with 0xxx, or 1 to 126 decimal.
Class B addresses begin with 10xx, or 128 to 191 decimal.
Class C addresses begin with 110 xs, or 192 to 223 decimal.
Class D addresses begin with 1110, or 224 to 239 decimal.
Class E addresses begin with 1111, or 240 to 254 decimal.
Fig 6.6 IP addressing

represented by the 0s. Performing a bitwise logical AND operation betwee
6.6.2 Default subnet masks
Class A - 255.0.0.0 - 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
Class B - 255.255.0.0 - 11111111.11111111.00
Class C - 255.255.255.0 - 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
6.7 Network Address Translation (NAT)
NAT refers to the network address translation which is used for translating the private IP to
Public IP and vice-versa. NAT helps in saving us tons and tons of IP address. It depends on
the concepts of the Access control list. It provides the most transparent connectivity for a
System in the enterprise network system.
represented by the 0s. Performing a bitwise logical AND operation between the IP address
11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Fig 6.6.2 Sub netting
6.7 Network Address Translation (NAT)
versa. NAT helps in saving us tons and tons of IP address. It depends on
System in the enterprise network system.
39
n the IP address
versa. NAT helps in saving us tons and tons of IP address. It depends on

6.7.1 Port Address Translation (PAT)
It is a function to make use of a minimal number of IP addresses that allows multiple users
within private networks. It is an extended version of network address translation. To use the
internet publicly by the multiple clients, PAT func
address between all of them. In a LAN environment, each client with a single public IP
address request internet access with public network hosts.
In public network, the router allocates a particular port number to eac
LAN network. On LAN network, data are transmitted from single public IP address when
client sends data packets over public network. After the accomplishment of requested task,
data will recur to the router and be dispersed to the sui
client’s port number.
Fig 6.7 NAT
Translation (PAT)
. It is an extended version of network address translation. To use the
internet publicly by the multiple clients, PAT function used to share a single IP public
address request internet access with public network hosts.
In public network, the router allocates a particular port number to each individual client on
data will recur to the router and be dispersed to the suitable deserved client on the basis of
40
. It is an extended version of network address translation. To use the
tion used to share a single IP public
h individual client on
table deserved client on the basis of

41
Fig 6.7.1 PAT
6.7.2 CISCO Enterprise Network System
It describes about the working of the Enterprise Network system in the Cisco. Cisco
Enterprise Architecture facilitates planning, designing, implementing, operating, and
troubleshooting (PDIOT) networks by focusing on network elements and on the relationships
between those elements in the network,
Fig 6.7.2 Network System

FigFig6.7.2.1 Network Architecture
42

43
CHAPTER – 7
7. TESTING STAGES
7.1 TESTING
7.1.1 What is testing:-
Testing is the process of evaluating a system or its component(s) with the intent to find
whether it satisfies the specified requirements or not. In simple words, testing is executing a
system in order to identify any gaps, errors, or missing requirements in contrary to the actual
requirements.
According to ANSI/IEEE 1059 standard, Testing can be defined as - A process of analyzing a
software item to detect the differences between existing and required conditions (that is
defects/errors/bugs) and to evaluate the features of the software item.
7.1.2 Testing architecture:-
Fig7.1: Waterfall Diagram
REQUIREMENT
PLANNING
DESIGN
CODING
TESTING
MAINTANANCE

44
7.1.3 Testing techniques:-
In this project, following testing techniques are used.
 Unit Testing
 Integration Testing
 System Testing
Unit Testing:-
This type of testing is performed by developers before the setup is handed over to the testing
team to formally execute the test cases. Unit testing is performed by the respective developers
on the individual units of source code assigned areas. The developers use test data that is
different from the test data of the quality assurance team.
The goal of unit testing is to isolate each part of the program and show that individual parts
are correct in terms of requirements and functionality.
Integration Testing:-
Integration testing is defined as the testing of combined parts of an application to determine if
they function correctly. Sometime there is a mean to integrate & merge the unit program
together would also be work without error. Integration testing can be done in two ways:
Bottom-up integration:- This testing begins with unit testing, followed by tests of
progressively higher level combinations of units called modules or builds.
Top-down integration:- In this testing, the highest-level modules are tested first and
progressively, lower-level modules are tested thereafter.
System Testing:-
after completing unit and integration testing, system testing is perform we test complete
program software along with its expected environment system testing defined as combination
of software, hardware & other associated parts that work together. It is only the phase where
both functional and nonfunctional requirement of system are tested.
7.1.4 General Phases

45
There are mainly six general phases in Enterprise Network. The system must execute all the
phases before finally get into expected result.
1. PREPARE- Establishes organization and business requirement, develops a network
strategy and propose a high-level architecture.
2. PLAN- Identify the network requirements by characterizing and assessing the network;
performance a gap analysis.
3.DESIGN- Provide high availability, reliability, security, scalability, and performance.
4. IMPLEMENT- Installation and configuration of new equipment.
5.OPERATE- Day-to-day network operation.
6. OPTIMIZE - Proactive network management and modifications to the design.

48
Fig : Configuration of R1
Fig : Configuration of R2

53
CONCLUSION AND FUTURESTICS SCOPE
Conclusion With the recent advancements in technology, more reliable and convenient means
of designing networks will be required The aim of this project being an enterprise network, is
to ensure that no device remains onto itself, there should be speed in the connectivity, addition
of devices should not hinder the transfer of packets, added to that interfaces not meant to
accesses should be blocked. It can be concluded that this aims were accomplished and totally
completed to working and troubleshooting standards.
As expressed before in our proposed framework the limitations and downsides of the as of now
enterprise network system in the market has been conquered. This is an exceptionally
compelling framework if an enterprise network system implements it carefully. Being familiar
with all the basic networking terminologies is a must to understand how branches within a huge
network effectively communicate amongst each other.
 Significance
After the implementation and testing of network; Troubleshooting became easy as there were
no complex routing interaction. It was seen to it that devices could reach out to any point of the
network i.e. connectivity within all devices was ensured. More so the network could double or
triple in size without major design changes i.e. it can be flexible at any instant.
Limitations
When evaluating management solutions for enterprise networks, design simulators should keep
in mind the following:
a) There will be need to create fibre optic modules in the 3560 layer 3 switch.
b) Generic routers should have modules that enable telephony service, rather than being
specific to 2811 routers alone.
c) Servers should have interfaces that will enable VoIP configuration.
d) Access points should have the Command Line Interface (CLI).

54
 FUTURISTIC SCOPE
Consumers and businesses around the world increasingly demand virtually instantaneous
digital experiences in whatever they do. Many industries have already embraced the related
opportunities in serving their customers instantaneously and seamlessly, and in re- engineering
Their business models and digital production method accordingly.
Few Facts
 All the networks terminate with computers or servers of one form or another.
 Data can be share securely.
 Add router, switches and the computers according to the need.
 Hardware becomes virtualized and programmable through software, IT team needs the
skills to enable integration and the hardware needs to be able to integrate.

55
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[2] http://www.packettracer.com/ VoIP_in_Cisco_Packet_Tracer.html
[3]http://www.howstuffworks.com/ ip-telephony.html
[4] http://www.baumann.info/public/voip
[5]http://www.baumann.info/public/voip
[6]www.syngress Cisco Internetworking Book.com
[7] Network Devices. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2015, from Computer Networkig Notes:
http://computernetworkingnotes.com/comptia-n-plus-study-guide/network-devices-hub-
switchrouter.html
[8]Norberk Kircharians, P. P. (2014). CCIE Routing and Switching V5.0 Official Cert
Guide :IP Forwarding.
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http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=31276

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